UNSUR KEARIFAN TEMPATAN DALAM ADAT KEMATIAN MASYARAKAT BAJAU DI SABAH: ANALISIS DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

Author(s):  
SYAMSUL AZIZUL MARINSAH ◽  
MOHD NURHIDAYAT HASBOLLAH HAJIMIN ◽  
MOHD ANUAR RAMLI

Abstrak Setiap masyarakat mempunyai kebudayaan tersendiri hasil interaksi dengan pelbagai tamadun dan agama, yang bersinergi dengan berbagai unsur sinkretisme. Hasil daripada campur tangan golongan cerdik pandai tempatan yang mengadunkan antara budaya tradisi dan syariat Islam, telah mencetuskan berbagai corak keilmuan dan kearifan tempatan. Kearifan tempatan dapat dikonsepkan sebagai pengetahuan unik yang didapati dalam sebuah masyarakat yang dikemukakan oleh masyarakat tradisional melalui pengalaman dan integrasi dengan lingkungan persekitaran. Dalam disiplin ilmu Syariah, kearifan tempatan mempunyai signifikan yang tersendiri dalam proses pembinaan hukum Islam. Pengambilkiraan kearifan tempatan ini sangat penting kerana ia mampu mempengaruhi pembinaan hukum Islam berlatarkan realiti masyarakat setempat. Justeru, objektif kajian ini cuba menganalisis kewujudan kearifan tempatan masyarakat Bajau di Sabah khususnya dalam adat kematian mereka menurut perspektif Islam. Hal ini perlu bagi memastikan keseimbangan di antara idealisme yang terkandung dalam hukum adat kematian dalam Islam dengan realiti perlaksanaannya dalam masyarakat Bajau. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode pengumpulan data melalui kaedah temu bual, observasi dan analisis dokumen. Hasil kajian mendapati, dalam adat kematian Bajau di Sabah, terdapat banyak tokok tambah hasil daripada pengalaman dan pengaruh masyarakat setempat Bajau. Unsur tokok tambah ini perlu dianalisis, sama ada ia termasuk dalam ‘urf fasid kerana adanya unsur bid’ah dan khurafat ataupun ia termasuk dalam ‘urf sahih kerana pengambilkiraan kearifan tempatan tersebut tidak menjejaskan proses pembinaan hukum Islam. Abstract Every society has forged its very own and unique culture through interactions with various civilizations and religions, which is mostly blended with a wide number of syncretism elements. Later interventions by local Islamic scholars have synergized this cultural tradition with Shariah, resulting in a variety of knowledge patterns, especially with local wisdom. Local wisdom could be conceptualised as unique knowledge found in a local community presented by the traditional society through their experience and integrity with the environment. It is related to the culture in the community which is accumulated and passed on. In Shariah discipline, local wisdom is significant in the process of forming the Islamic law. Consideration of local wisdom in Shariah is very important because it can influence the construction of Islamic law which is the representation of the reality of the local community. Failure to understand the local wisdom of society will lead to a ruling (hukm) that is not relevant and applicable in the community. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyse the local wisdom among the Bajau community, especially on their death rituals according to Islamic perspective.  This is necessary in order to ensure a balance between idealism in Islamic law and the conduct of the death rituals among the Bajau communities. This is qualitative research which adopts interviews, observation and data analysis. The findings of the study show that there are many exaggerations in the customs of the Bajaus, as a result of the experience and influence of Bajau community. This element of exaggeration should be analysed whether they are classified under ‘urf sahih or ‘urf fasid so as not to affect the process of the construction of Islamic law.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
FAISAL AKBAR ◽  
Syamsuddin RS ◽  
Dadan Anugrah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode Program Fajar Indah yang ada di Radio Citra Progo dalam meningkatkan pemahaman keagamaan masyarakat, mengetahui klasifikasi da’i pengisi program Fajar Indah, serta pesan dakwah dari program Fajar Indah. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data digunakan penafsiran logika yang dihubungkan dengan konteks Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Radio Citra Progo dalam program Fajar Indah menggunakan metode ceramah dengan pembawaan da’i yang santai ketika siaran. Adapun klasifikasi da’i dalam siaran dakwah ini, dapat dilihat dari wawasan keilmuan penyiar dalam menguasai Al Quran dan Hadist sebagai sumber hukum Islam dan kedisiplinan untuk menjalankan tugas sebagai da’i penyiar radio. Dalam siaran Program Fajar Indah terdapat pesan dakwah berupa materi Aqidah untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan masyarakat kepada Allah, mengimani rukun Iman dan rukun Islam, serta materi Akhlak yang diperintahkan oleh Allah dan dicontohkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW, materi Ibadah yang menyampaikan tatacara beribadah kepada Allah meliputi hukum pernikahan, hukum bertetangga, shodaqoh, sholat, puasa dan menyampaikan materi tentang hari-hari besar umat Islam. This study aims to determine the methods of the Beautiful Fajar Program on Radio Citra Progo in improving people's religious understanding, knowing the classification of preachers for the Fajar Indah program, and preaching messages from the Fajar Indah program. This study uses qualitative research with descriptive methods. Data collection in this study uses observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis used the interpretation of logic connected with the context of Islamic Broadcast Communication. The results showed that Citra Progo Radio in the Fajar Indah program used a lecture method with a relaxed nature when broadcasting. The da'i classification in this da'wah broadcast, can be seen from the broadcaster's scientific insights in mastering the Qur'an and Hadith as a source of Islamic law and discipline to carry out their duties as radio broadcast preachers. In the broadcast of the Fajar Indah Program there is a da'wah message in the form of Aqeedah material to increase public trust in God, faith in the pillars of faith and pillars of Islam, as well as moral material ordered by God and exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad, the material of worship which conveys the procedure of worship to God including marriage law , neighborly law, shodaqoh, prayer, fasting and delivering material about the Muslim holidays.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Aldo Redho Syam ◽  
Achmad Supriyanto ◽  
Mustiningsih Mustiningsih

Abstract: This research aimed to determine democratic leadership and decisions making on education in Islamic perspective at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pesantren Anak Sholeh Baitul Qur’an Gontor Ponorogo. This research used descriptive qualitative research with data collection methods through interviews, observations, and documentation, as well as Miles and Hubberman data analysis, including data analysis, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research indicate that democratic leadership principal of school and making decisions on education in Islamic perspective at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pesantren Anak Sholeh Baitul Qur’an Gontor Ponorogo has been carried out properly in accordance with Quran, in Ash-Shura: verse: 38, which is reflected in every decision. The school principal always decides through a deliberative forum together with the teachers openly, responsively, responsibly, and trustfully, by promoting the principle of togetherness and kindship.  ملخص: الهدف من هذا البحث هو معرفة قيادة الديمقراطية ووضع السياسات والقرارات التعليمية علي نظرية الإسلام في المدرسة الابتدائية معهد ولد الصالح بيت القرآن فونوروكو. يستخدم هذا البحث البحث النوعي الوصفي مع أسلوب جمع البيانات من خلال المقابلات والملاحظات والتوثيق، وكذلك استخدام تحليل بيانات على نموذج ميليس وهوبيرمين، الذي يشمل على تحليل البيانات، وعرض البيانات، وأخذ الاستنباط. تشير نتائج هذا البحث إلى أن: قيادة الديمقراطية مدير المدرسة ووضع السياسات والقرارات التعليمية في المدرسة الابتدائية معهد ولد الصالح بيت القرآن فونوروكو، تم تنفيذها بشكل جيد ومناسب بالقرآن في سورة الشورى: الآية ٤٣، ويظهر ذلك عند ما توجد مشكلات التعليم والتربية، فالمدير يحلها دائما من خلال التشاور مع المعلمين منفتحا، ومستجيبا، ومسؤولا،  بتقديم مراعاة مبدأ العمل الجماعي والأسري.


Author(s):  
Nur Cahaya Bangun ◽  
◽  
Jhonson Pardosi ◽  
Ilham Mirzaya Putra ◽  
◽  
...  

This study aims to: (1) determine the level of local community brand awareness of the brand "Negeri Indah Kepingan Surga" in Samosir Regency, and (2) know the local community's perception of the branding "Negeri Indah Kepingan Surga" in Samosir Regency. Methods of data collection through questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was carried out in descriptive quantitative with a Likert scale and qualitative. In order for qualitative research to be better, member checks and group discussion forums were then carried out. The sample in this study amounted to 96 people, while the informants amounted to 9 people. The results of this study are: (1) the level of brand awareness of the local community towards the brand "Negeri Indah Kepingan Surga" in Samosir Regency is at the brand recall level, and (2) There has not been any unified perception among the local community on the brand "Negeri Indah Kepingan Surga". in Samosir Regency. Some of the ways that must be done in order to achieve brand awareness of local community. The local community's perception of the tourism brand in Samosir Regency is still varied, although it has a positive tone.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Jabal Tarik Ibrahim ◽  
Ary Bakhtiar ◽  
Nurul Latifah ◽  
Fithri Mufriantie

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendiskripsikan dan memahami pelaksanaan pitungan Jawa dalam aktivitas permulaan waktu tanam pada petani di Kelurahan Temas, Kecamatan Batu, Kota Batu. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode etnografi. Peneliti tinggal di lokasi penelitian selama pelaksanaan penelitian dengan mengamati, melihat, ikut serta, dan berdiskusi dengan warga lokasi penelitian, khususnya para informan. Informan dalam penelitian berjumlah 7 orang terdiri dari penduduk setempat yang memiliki primbon Jawa, mengetahui dan memahami serta mengaplikasikan pitungan Jawa, bersedia berdiskusi secara terbuka dengan peneliti. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan pengumpulan, penyajian, reduksi atau kondensasi, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi pitungan Jawa dalam upaya menentukan awal bercocok tanam bervariasi. Menurut petani, pitungan Jawa adalah kearifan lokal yang perlu dilestarikan. Mereka percaya pada nasihat orang tua mengenai hal-hal buruk yang telah terbukti di masa lalu apabila tidak mengikuti perkiraan dalam primbon. Petani beranggapan bahwa penerapan pitungan Jawa adalah salah satu bentuk ikhtiar kepada Allah SWT. Meskipun demikian petani tetap menganut ajaran agama dan menghindari tindakan yang bertentangan dengan syariat Islam. Bentuk implementasi pitungan Jawa di Kelurahan Temas tidak persis sama dengan ketentuan yang tertulis dalam primbon, seperti halnya tidak lagi menyediakan sesajen yang ditempatkan dalam takir. Syarat utama petani yang akan melakukan pitungan Jawa yakni haruslah mengingat hari meninggal orang tua dan tanggal 1 Suro. Apabila hasil pitungan Jawa jatuh pada hari tersebut, petani dilarang memulai penanaman. Harapannya adalah untuk menghindari rintangan buruk. Acuan yang digunakan oleh petani adalah oyot, wit, godhong, uwoh yang disesuaikan dengan jenis tanaman yang akan ditanam.        This study aims to describe and understand the implementation of Javanese calculations in the activity of starting planting time for farmers in Temas Village, Batu District, Batu City. Researchers used a qualitative research approach that was classified as an ethnographic research method. Researchers stay at the research location during the implementation of the research by observing, seeing, participating in, and discussing with residents of the research location, especially informants. There are 7 informants in the study consisting of local residents who have Javanese Primbon, know and understand and apply Javanese calculations, willing to have open discussions with researchers. Data analysis was carried out by collecting, presenting, reducing/condensing, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the perception of the Javanese count in the effort to determine the start of planting varied. According to farmers, Javanese pitung is local wisdom that needs to be preserved. They trust their parents' advice about bad things that have been proven in the past if they don't follow the predictions in the Primbon. Farmers think that the application of Javanese calculations is a form of endeavor to Allah SWT. Even so, farmers still adhere to religious teachings and avoid actions that are contrary to Islamic law. The form of implementation of the Javanese calculation in Kelurahan Temas is not exactly the same as the provisions written in the Primbon, such as no longer providing offerings that are placed in takir. The main requirement for farmers to do Javanese calculations is to remember the day their parents died and the 1st of Suro. If the results of the Javanese calculations fall on those days, the farmer is prohibited from starting planting. The hope is to avoid bad obstacles. The references used by farmers are oyot, wit, godhong, uwoh which are adjusted to the type of plant to be planted.


Author(s):  
Nurul Istiqomah

AbstrakJual beli diperbolehkan dalam Islam tetapi belum tentu semua jual beli yang berada dimasyarakat benar dan baik. Perlunya evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan jual beli lelang ikan di TPI (Tempat Pelelangan Ikan) apakah sudah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah yang sesuai dengan hukum jual beli Islam. Yang menjadi permasalahan ini adalah bagaimana pelaksanaan praktik jual beli ikan di TPI (Tempat Pelelangan Ikan), apa bentuk usaha yang dilakukan dan apa faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam jual beli pelelangan ikan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis praktik jual beli ikan antara pihak TPI (Tempat Pelelangan Ikan) dengan pembeli tanpa kehadiran pemilik (nelayan) Studi Kasus di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pekalongan yang kemudian dianalisis dengan perspektif hukum Islam serta faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dipergunakan dalam upaya pencapaian tujuan tempat pelelangan ikan.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan mengambil tempat di TPI (Tempat Pelelangan Ikan) (studi kasus Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pekalongan). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengadakan observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitiannya yaitu pemilik barang (nelayan), pembeli (bakul) dan pihak TPI (Tempat Pelelangan Ikan) di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pekalongan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan menerapkan pola berfikir induktif. Analisis ini lebih merupakan pembentukan abstraksi berdasarkan bagian-bagian yang telah dikumpulkan.Hasil penelitian menujukkan pihak penjual dan pembeli sama sama hadir dalam pelelangan. Dalam praktiknya jual beli lelang ikan di TPI (Tempat Pelelangan Ikan) Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pekalongan perlu adanya pengawasan ekstern dan intern. Kata Kunci: Jual Beli Lelang Ikan, Hukum Islam, dan Pembelian Tanpa Kehadiran Pemilik (nelayan). AbstractTrading is allowed in Islam but not all trading is in good order. Evaluation is needed in fish auction trading in Fish Auction Place (TPI, is it already accordance with the principles of sharia and Islamic trading law. The problem is how the implementation of fish trading in TPI, what form of business done and what factors supporting and inhibiting the fish auction trading.This study aims to analyze critically the practice of fish trading between TPI and buyer without the presence of owner (fisherman). Case Study at the Fishery Port of Nusantara Pekalongan then analyzed with the perspective of Islamic law and its supporting and inhibiting factors. The results of this study are expected to be used in achieving the goals of fish auction.This research is a qualitative research, taking place in TPI (case study of Fishery Port of Pekalongan). Data collection is done by conducting observation, in-depth interview and documentation. Research subjects are the owner of fish (fishermen), buyers (bakul) and TPI at Fishery Port of Nusantara Pekalongan. Data analysis was done descriptively by applying inductive thinking pattern. This analysis is more of an abstraction formation based on parts that have been collected.The results showed that the sellers and buyers are present together in auction. In practice the fish auction trading  at TPI Fishery Port of Nusantara Pekalongan need external and internal supervision Keyword: fish auction trading, Islamic law, purchasing without owner (fishermen)


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Muzalifah Muzalifah ◽  
Ali Sodiqin

The application of an oral contract in buying and selling transactions in Palangka Raya City is a form of contract adopted from Banjar culture. Even traditional market players in Palangka Raya City, in particular, interpret the oral contract as something that is very principle, so that they consider a contract invalid if it is not stated verbally. This article explores the question of why the oral contract in buying and selling in Palangka Raya City is still being applied and how the oral contract law is in buying and selling transactions in Palangka Raya City. This research is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. This study found that the application of oral contracts in buying and selling transactions in Palangka Raya City originated from the habits of Banjar tribe traders who trade in Palangka Raya City. This habit, then, develops into the habit of the local community, so it becomes a necessity to be implemented. The law of the oral contract in the transaction is valid in terms of Islamic law and civil law because it fulfills the requirements and is in harmony with the contract in buying and selling and is carried out voluntarily, is based on the principle of freedom of contract. There is a balance of achievement, and has legal certainty so that it binds both parties. The existence of this oral contract shows the legitimacy of legal norms, religious norms, and customary norms.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-130
Author(s):  
Syarifudin Syarifudin ◽  
M.Mujib Qalyubi ◽  
Irfan Hasanudin

This study aims to find out how the procession of surrender in traditional Betawi marriage and how a review of Islamic law against it. Is there a proposition that prohibits / forbids it or is required. This research was conducted in the area of South Kedoya Village, Kebon Jeruk District, City. West Jakarta.This research is a legal research that uses qualitative research methods with an ethnographic approach and is descriptive in nature. In extracting information, researchers use observation and interview techniques. Researchers used the snowball technique so that the information obtained could go as far as possible into Betawi cultural customs. Researchers position themselves as research instruments themselves so that the information obtained can reach its roots. The data analysis used is the Miles and Huberman model data analysis, which is interactive and continues until the data is saturated. In this study, researchers found a philosophical, sociological and ideological foundation that was embedded in the culture of Betawi marriage customary marriage. Researchers also found the arguments underlying the implementation of these surrender activities. The evidence is sourced from the Qur'an, Hadith and Ijma 'and Qiyas of the scholars'. This research concludes that the culture of seserah in Betawi traditional marriage has a philosophical and ideological foundation that has been firmly embedded in the Betawi community in the South Kedoya region. So that this surrender event becomes mandatory for people who want to marry Betawi people. whereas according to Islamic law, basically customary law is mubah (allowed). But it can become mandatory


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-177
Author(s):  
Filka Catur Windiastuti ◽  
Fauzul Hanif Noor Athief

The existence of money makes buying and selling activity easier than the barter system. However, the increasing globalization of the world economy demands speed accelaration, ease and security of financial transactions. The discovery of cryptocurrency provides solution for the current payment system which relies highly on the third party in conducting digital transactions. One of those cryptocurrency products is Inacoin which is originated from Indonesia. Because this cryptocurrency is a contemporary problem that cannot be concluded directly from the classical fiqh book, a thorough investigation is needed to obtain the validity of this money from Islamic perspective. This research is a qualitative research that uses multimethod of normative-empirical Islamic law perspective in discussing the aforementioned problem. This study concluded that the existence of Inacoin cannot be accepted as money since there are Islamic requirements or criteria that are not met. In addition, the use of Inacoin is mostly for trading commodity, not as money. The Inacoin trade is legitimate but unlawful, because Inacoin has fulfilled the pillars and requirements of the Al-Ṣarf, yet contradicted some Islamic principal such as maisir, gharar, and possibility of harming its user


JURISDICTIE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Solihan Makruf

<p>In the modern era bankings are not only collecting funds from the society and distributing them as loans. It is important for us to observe whether the activities are halal or not from Islamic perspective. Therefore, it is important to build dependable islamic bankings with high Islamic law awareness. The study has three research questions. They are: 1) How is the practice of fiduciary guarantee in Bank SyariahMandiri Kota Malang? 2) What is the perspective of National Sharia Board of MUI on fiduciary guarantee in Bank Syariah Mandiri Kota Malang? 3) How is the execution of fiduciary guarantee as the consequence of debtor’s failure in paying their debt in Bank Syariah Mandiri Malang?The study employs sociological or empirical law method. It is an approach to analyze an effectively established legislation or law.It analyzes qualitatively the implementation of fiduciary guarantee in Bank Syariah Mandiri Kota Malang. The dataconsists of primary data from interviews and secondary data from the library study. The writer uses descriptive analytical data analysis.</p><p>Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan jaminan dan eksekusi jaminan fidusia terhadap barang jaminan tidak sesuai dengan hukum yang ada dari perspektif hukum positif tentang jaminan fidusia dan dari perspektif hukum islam yang didasarkan pada fatwa Badan Syariah Nasional. Kesimpulannya, Bank Islam sering melakukan kesalahan pada prosedur eksekusi jaminan fidusia. Dari analisis tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa prosedur jaminan fidusia dan eksekusinya di Bank Syariah Mandiri Kota Malang tidak sesuai dengan hukum yang ada. Seharusnya bank ini menerapkan prosedur sesuai dengan prinsip syariah dan fatwa Badan Syariah Nasional MUI, sebuah institusi yang menaungi bank-bank syariah dan hukum tentang jainan fidusia untuk memastikan pratik tersebut tidak akan merugikan pihak-pihak lain.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-552
Author(s):  
Iskandar Iskandar ◽  
Hijrayanti Sari ◽  
Nurul Atika

This study aimed to identify the law of using eyelash extensions from the perspective of Islamic law, as well as what the scholars think about it. To get answers to this problem, descriptive qualitative research (non-statistical) was used which focused on the study of texts and texts and used historical and phenomenological approaches. The research results found are; First, eyelash extension is a method of lengthening and adding lashes with the aim of adorning or beautifying the eyes. Second, the eyelash extension procedure is done by gluing the lashes together with the original perimeter lashes using a special glue. As for the impact of eyelash extensions, it causes eyelashes to fall out, irritation, allergies, and eye injuries. Third, in determining the law of eyelash extensions from an Islamic perspective, the authors explore the law by applying eyelash extensions to the hair, and in this case, the scholars have different opinions. If real (human) hair is used, the majority of scholars forbid it. As for using synthetic hair, the scholars have different opinions, some permit while some others absolutely prohibit using either real hair or synthetic hair, and there are also those who differentiate the law by seeing whether the woman is married or not. If a woman is not married, it is not allowed, as for those who


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