scholarly journals IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF P16 IN LOW GRADE UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 885-88
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umer Ch ◽  
Farhan Akhtar ◽  
Nighat Jamal ◽  
Hamza Mansur ◽  
Nozaif Sarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Age Range

Objective: To determine the frequency of Immunohistochemical expression of P16 in low grade urothelial carcinoma patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from May 2018 to Jul 2019. Methodology: A total of 120 formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded blocks from patients having low grade urothelial carcinomawere included in the study and were stainedimmunohistochemically with P16 antibody. Expression of P16 was noted by two independent pathologists and nuclear stain of strong intensity was taken as positive. Results: There were 91 (76%) males and 29 (24%) females with age range from 18-85 years (mean 67.19 ± 11.5 years) female to male ratio was 1:3. P16 stain was positive in (70.8%) and negative in 37 (31%) of low gradeurothelial carcinoma cases. Conclusion: The p-16 is expressed in a significant number of urothelial carcinomas (low grade) and this marker could be used in routine practice for early identification of patients at high risk of progression to advanced stage.

scholarly journals HER2 / neu Overexpression in Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Association with Tumour Grading - A Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 497-501
Author(s):  
Sebina Asmi A.T ◽  
Suma Madathiveetil
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tumour Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 HER2 / neu, is a trans membrane tyrosine kinase receptor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and is involved in the pathogenesis of urinary bladder cancer. In this study we attempted to evaluate the HER2 / neu expression in urothelial carcinoma of bladder and its association with tumour grading. METHODS This was a cross sectional study with a sample size of 75. Routine 4 micrometre thick sections of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks stained with haematoxylin & eosin were reviewed. Tumour grade was determined by using the World Health Organization (WHO) / International Society of Urological Pathologist criteria (ISUP). Immunohistochemistry was done by using HER2 / neu monoclonal antibody and its expression were observed. The membrane staining intensity and pattern were studied and scored. RESULTS In our study 75 cases of urothelial carcinoma were studied, of which 49 cases were papillary urothelial carcinoma low grade, 26 cases were papillary urothelial carcinoma high grade. Among these, 19 cases were infiltrating urothelial carcinoma. HER2 / neu positivity were observed in 27 (36 %) cases and overexpression in 8 (10 %) cases. Low grade urothelial carcinoma showed HER2 / neu positivity in 11 (22 %) cases and overexpression in 1 (2 %) case. High grade urothelial carcinoma showed HER2 / neu positivity in 16 (64 %) cases, among which 7 (28 %) cases showed overexpression. HER2 / neu positivity was seen in 13 (68 %) cases of infiltrating urothelial carcinoma with 4 (21 %) cases showing overexpression. A statistically significant difference in HER2 / neu expression was noted in high grade and invasive urothelial carcinoma compared to low grade and non-invasive urothelial carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Urothelial carcinomas show overexpression of HER2 / neu and this over expression increases with increasing grade of tumour and muscle invasiveness. KEYWORDS Urothelial Carcinoma, HER2 / neu, Overexpression, Tumour Grade, Trastuzumab

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical expression of P53 in basal cell carcinoma of skin.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1500-1505
Author(s):  
Saira Javeed ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Iram Asrar ◽  
Rabiya Fawad ◽  
Marrium Waqar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
P53 Immunoreactivity

Objectives: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p53 in basal cell carcinoma of skin. Study Design: It was cross sectional study. Setting: Pathology department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Period: Six months after approval from the Hospital Ethical Committee. Material and Methods: In a descriptive background, 50 cases were involved in the study. Cases were selected by non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients of all age group (Males and Females) that was diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma of skin by Hematoxylin & Eosin were included in study. Other epithelial tumors of skin, appendageal tumors and metastatic tumors were excluded. Cases were evaluated for expression of tumor suppressor protein-p53 by immunohistochemical technique applied on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks. Results: Out of 50 cases, majority of patients were found to be male. Ratio of male to female was 2.6:1. Age range of patient was found between 21-98 years. Mainstream of the patients were between 41-60 years. Nose was found to be frequently involved site 28 (56%) cases. p53 expression was seen in 42 (84%) cases while in 8 (16%) cases p53 expression was not seen. Conclusion: It was found that p53 expression rate is very high in basal cell carcinoma of skin. This high expression of p53 immunoreactivity was explained in terms of its pathogenetic role and mutation in basal cell carcinoma.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Acid Victims in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Zafreen ◽  
MA Wahab ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
MA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Level ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Range

This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on acid victims, who were admitted to Dhaka MedicalCollege Hospital (DMCH) and were present in Thikana and Jibontara (clinic cum rehabilitation centre) ofAcid Survivors Foundation (ASF). Most of the acid victims from every corner of the country come to DMCHfor their treatment and ASF provides both curative and rehabilitative assistance as well as legal proceduralhelp. A total number of 90 (ninety) acid victims, both old and new cases were selected purposively in the studyto determine their socio demographic characteristics and also to identify the possible causes and the perceivedperpetrators. Victims' age range was 01 to 50 years and Mean ± SD of age was 20.03 ± 8.83 years. Ninetypercent (81) of the victims were female, 58.9% (53) were adolescent, 60% (54) were unmarried, 53.3% (48)were below secondary level educated, 51.1% (46) were student and 32.2% (29) were housewife by occupation.Sixty nine percent (62) victims were from semi-urban area and 40% (36) from Dhaka division (capital city)and 62.2% (56) victims from income < 5,000 taka per month. Fifty five percent (50) causes were due to variousrefusals and 14.4% (13) were due to dowry, 64.4% (58) perpetrators were rejected suitor and 16.7% (15) werehusband. Eighty percent (72) incidences were occurred at home and 93.3% (84) occurrences were at nighttime.Ninety one percent (82) victims received threat before the incidence and 52.3% (33) filed general diary (GD) inlocal police station before the occurrence. Seventy nine percent (71) survivors had no knowledge about acid, itssource and its consequences before the incidence. This study depicts the national scenario of the sociodemographiccharacteristics of acid victims and perceived perpetrators in Bangladesh.Key words: Acid victims; Bangladesh; victim age.DOI: 10.3329/jafmc.v6i1.5985Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh Vol.6(1) 2010 p.12-15

scholarly journals Determining Orthodontic Knowledge and Awareness in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110221
Author(s):  
Jyoti Mishra ◽  
Sudhir Kapoor ◽  
Jitendra Bhagchandani ◽  
Sonahita Agarwal ◽  
Vaibhav Vashishta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Ethical Clearance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Aim and Objective: To assess the level of awareness among local adult population (orthodontically untreated) regarding orthodontic treatment and procedures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned by accessing 100 subjects comprising of 2 groups (50 male and 50 female). After due ethical clearance, a self-structured questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was given to a group of randomly selected 100 individuals with an age range of 20 to 30 years. Results: The overall awareness of orthodontics as a speciality among both the groups was only 52% to 56%. Statistically insignificant difference was found in the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment among both male and female subjects, that is, Group I and II. Also, those who knew about the orthodontic treatment did not opt for it because of high cost and longer duration involved. Conclusion: More than half of the population is unaware of the scope of orthodontic treatment, and thus, they do not seek any assistance. Hence, more efforts are needed to create awareness about orthodontics and the associated benefits.

scholarly journals AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) is an easy-to-use predictor score for cardiovascular risk in metabolic subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo De Matteis ◽  
Marica Cariello ◽  
Giusi Graziano ◽  
Stefano Battaglia ◽  
Patrizia Suppressa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractVisceral obesity is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory systemic state that contributes to the genesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), frequently associated with liver fibrosis. Non-invasive serum markers have recently emerged as reliable, easy-to-use scores to predict liver fibrosis. NAFLD is often linked to metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we investigated in a population of 1225 subjects if AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), one of the non-invasive liver fibrosis serum markers, can predict cardiovascular risk (CVR). APRI has been previously validated as an efficient score to predict liver fibrosis in viral hepatitis patients with a cut-off of 0.5 for fibrosis and 1.5 for cirrhosis. Our study showed that APRI significantly correlates with CVR and determines, when elevated, a significant increase in CVR for both genders, especially females. This spike in CVR, observed when APRI is elevated, is relatively high in patients in the age of 51–65 years, but it is significantly higher in younger and premenopausal women, approaching risk values usually typical of men at the same age. Taken together, our data highlighted the role of APRI as a reliable predictor easy-to-use score for CVR in metabolic patients.

scholarly journals Relación entre conducta prosocial, resolución de problemas y consumo de drogas en adolescentes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Hernández-Serrano ◽  
José P. Espada ◽  
Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Age Range

<p>The objectives of the present study are the following ones: 1) to study the use of drugs, the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with respect to age and gender, and 2) to analyze the association of both the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with the use of drugs. An exploratory cross-sectional study was performed, amongst a sample of 567 students in Spanish Compulsory Secondary Education (48.14% males) with an age range from 14 to 17 years (<em>M </em>= 14.92; <em>SD </em>= 0.90). Statistically significant differences were found concerning alcohol use and the prosocial behaviour with respect to gender, as well as concerning alcohol and cannabis use with respect to age. Logistic regression analyses revealed statistical significance of the prosocial behaviour with respect to the use of alcohol and cannabis. The ability in problem-solving was the most important protective predictor with respect to the abuse of cannabis. The results from this study enhance the importance of tailored interventions based on the promotion of prosocial behaviours and/or problem-solving strategies as fundamental protective factors for substance use amongst adolescents.</p>

scholarly journals Proton magnetic spectroscopy agreed better with magnetic resonance image to lateralization of epileptogenic zone than with surface electroencephalography

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9A) ◽  
pp. 584-590
Author(s):  
Ricardo Andre Amorim Leite ◽  
Maria Concepcion Garcia Otaduy ◽  
Gilson Edmar Goncalves e Silva ◽  
Maria Lucia Brito Ferreira ◽  
Maria de Fatima Vasco Aragao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Image ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Agreement Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surface Eeg ◽  
Study Type ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Coefficient Of Asymmetry

Objective To analyze the agreement rate of proton magnetic spectroscopy with magnetic resonance image (MRI) and surface electroence-phalography (EEG) in extratemporal neocortical epilepsies. Methods A cross-sectional study, type series of cases included 33 patients, age range 13–59 years old, of both gender, presenting structural alteration identified by MRI (75.8%) or by neurophysiologic techniques (72.7%). The variables were alterations of N-acetyl-aspartate/choline, N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine, choline/creatine, and N-acetyl-aspartate/cho-line+creatine coefficient of asymmetry. Results Agreement rates of lateralization by coefficient of asymmetry of NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, Co/Cr, and NAA/Cho+Cr with MRI, independent of alteration of surface EEG, were equal to 93.3, 57.9, 15.4, and 93.3%, respectively, modifying to 100, 33.3, 0, and 100%, in 16 patients, with lateralization agreement of MRI and surface EEG. Conclusion Proton magnetic spectroscopy agreed better with MRI to lateralization of epileptogenic zone than with surface EEG.

scholarly journals Factors of tooth extraction among adult patients attending in exodontia department of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
T Nasreen ◽  
ME Haq
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Patient ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tooth Extractions

In the management of the adult dental patient efforts are geared towards the preservation of permanent dentition as it is important for maintaining normal occlusal relationship, play role in aesthesis, speech, influence food habit and nutrition. This hospital based descriptive type of cross sectional study was done at Exodontia Department of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital to identify the factors that contribute in tooth extraction among the respondents. The study was carried out during the month of January to June 2009 and 110 respondents selected purposively. The study showed the majority of the respondents (57.3%) were in the age group of 20-39 years. Their mean age was 36.85.years, SD of age was ±13.85 and age range was 15-85 years. Among the respondents 46.4% were male and 53.6% were female. Dental caries was the leading cause of tooth extractions in 68% cases. It was also observed that post filling complication contributed in 33% cases of extraction. Patient requests due to economic cause in 16% cases, negligence in 11% cases and even distance of the treatment centre from residence reported in 15% cases. The treatment philosophy of the centre played a vital role. Heavy rush of the patient and inconvenient conservative treatment schedule caused many unnecessary extractions DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.15996 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2011; Vol-2, No.1, 7-10

scholarly journals Awareness and Attitudes toward Corneal Donations among Applicants and Staff of a Driver, Vehicle and Licensing Authority (DVLA) in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Lartey ◽  
ELLEN KONADU ANTWI-ADJEI ◽  
Solomon Agyapong ◽  
Abdul-Kabir Mohammed ◽  
Derrick N.O. Mensah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Corneal Transplant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Drivers License ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Potential Mode ◽  
Corneal Donation ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background: Corneal transplantations are surgeries performed for irreparable corneal diseases and damage. However, there is a gap between the number of potential recipients and the number of donor corneas available. The main aim of the study was to determine the awareness and attitudes toward corneal donation among applicants and staff of DVLA, Kumasi-Ghana. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. 100 participants were selected using convenient sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses from participants concerning awareness and attitudes toward corneal transplant. Results: The mean ± SD age of the participants was 32.05 ± 11.48years and age range, 18-67years. Males were 66% whilst females constituted 34%. 32.7% of the participants were aware of corneal donation. Majority of the participants were Christians (83.1%) and Singles (63%). Television was the source of information with the highest preponderance (49.4%). 67.3% were willing to donate their corneas after death. 63.9% were willing to indicate their donor statuses on drivers’ license form which had a significant association with willingness to donate cornea after death (p<0.05, ᵪ 2 = 12.187). Conclusion: There is a poor level of awareness (32.7%) of transplant and donation amongst the study population but a good level of willingness to donate organs (67%). Consent via driving license would seem to be a good potential mode of obtaining consent to supplement the harvesting of adequate tissues for transplant if adequate awareness is created.

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