scholarly journals STUDI FARMAKOVIGILANS PENGOBATAN ASMA PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP DI SUATU RUMAH SAKIT DI BOJONEGORO

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Amelia Lorensia ◽  
Ratna Ayu Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Asthma Therapy ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Nebulized Salbutamol ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Asthma is a respiratory disease with a large enough number of prevalence in the world. Asthma treatmentin hospital needs serious monitoring because of the risk to patient safety and increase the cost of treatment. One attempt to reduce the incidence of unwanted is the pharmacovigilance studies to improve patient safety.Purpose: to determine safety in terms of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and drug interactions of the treatment of inpatient asthmatic patients in a hospital.Methods: This is a non-experimental study with sampling using purposive sampling. Then the data were obtained from medical records were analyzed ADRs and drug interactions that occur using the library and shown descriptively.Results: The study sample as many as 43 people. The results showed there were 56 cases of ADRs on asthma medications, especially the use of nebulized salbutamol (57.14%). While the incidence of asthma therapy drug interactions there were 10 cases and the highest is aminophylline with salbutamol (14.29%).Conclusion: Treatment of asthma need to get to the ADR incidence and risk of drug interactions. Incidence of ADRs and drug interactions at most of the use of salbutamol which is relatively safe preference. This still needs to be done further research.

scholarly journals Costs of care provided in a university hospital for children exposed to or infected with the HIV/AIDS

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S402-S413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa Helena de Sousa Marques ◽  
Bernard François Couttolenc ◽  
Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre ◽  
Maria Zilda de Aquino ◽  
Maria Ignez Garcia Aveiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cost Accounting System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mean Cost ◽  
Hiv Aids

The objective of this study was to estimate and analyze the costs of treating children with HIV/AIDS at a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The study collected and analyzed data from 291 medical records of children treated at the hospital as of March 2002. The costs of treatment were estimated for each category of patient (exposed and infected) and severity, based on the quantity of inputs and procedures used in treating each child, based on the cost accounting system used at the hospital. The total cost of treatment for children exposed to the HIV was R$ 956.41 and for those infected with HIV R$ 8,092.71 per year. The mean cost of ambulatory care was R$ 6,047.28 for children with severe conditions, R$ 3,714.45 for those with light/moderate conditions, and R$ 948.63 for the exposed. Hospitalized children had annual costs of R$ 19,353.34, R$ 18,823.16, and R$ 871.03, respectively. The medication was a major factor in the cost of treatment. Our estimates are comparable to the findings from other studies, but lower than corresponding findings from the international literature.

scholarly journals An opportunity for clinical pharmacology trained physicians to improve patient drug safety: A retrospective analysis of adverse drug reactions in teenagers

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy R. Eugene ◽  
Beata Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Ondansetron Hydrochloride ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of hospital admissions, prolonged hospital stays, morbidity, and drug-related mortality. In this study, we sought to identify the most frequently reported medications and associated side effects in adolescent-aged patients in an effort to prioritize clinical pharmacology consultation efforts for hospitals seeking to improve patient safety.   Methods: Quarterly reported data were obtained from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) from the third quarter of 2014 and ending in the third quarter of 2017. We then used the GeneCards database to map the pharmacogenomic biomarkers associated with the most reported FAERS drugs. Data homogenization and statistics analysis were all conducted in R for statistical programming. Results: We identified risperidone (10.64%) as the compound with the most reported ADRs from all reported cases. Males represented 90.1% of reported risperidone cases with gynecomastia being the most reported ADR. Ibuprofen OR=188 (95% CI, 105.00 – 335.00) and quetiapine fumarate OR=116 (95% CI, 48.40 – 278.00) were associated with the highest odds of completed suicide in teenagers. Ondansetron hydrochloride OR=7.12 (95% CI, 1.59 – 31.9) resulted in the highest odds of pneumothorax. Lastly, olanzapine (8.96%) represented the compound with the most reported drug-drug interactions cases, while valproic acid OR=221 (95% CI, 93.900 – 522.00) was associated with the highest odds of drug-drug interactions. Conclusion: Despite any data limitations, physicians prescribing risperidone in males should be aware of the high rates of adverse drug events and an alternative psychotropic should be considered in male patients. Further, patients with a history of pneumothorax or genetically predisposed to pneumothorax should be considered for an alternative antiemetic to ondansetron hydrochloride, due to increased odds associated with the drug and adverse event.

scholarly journals Adverse drug reactions related to potential serious drug interactions in patients with cardiovascular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália da Palma Sobrinho ◽  
Juliana Faria Campos ◽  
Rafael Celestino da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Naranjo Algorithm

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the occurrence of adverse drug reactions associated with potential serious drug interactions identified in prescriptions of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease. Method: A documentary, quantitative, and cross-sectional research study. Between August and September 2016, ninety-nine prescriptions of patients hospitalized for more than 48 hours in the cardiology ward of a hospital in Rio de Janeiro were analyzed. Drug interactions were evaluated by Micromedex®, and adverse events were identified through trackers and analyzed by specialists using the Naranjo Algorithm, by means of descriptive statistics. Results: Eighteen potential serious interactions were detected in 22 drug pairs, mainly simvastatin x anlodipine (18%) and enoxaparin x clopidogrel (18%). Of the 18 medical records investigated, four trackers were found and three probable adverse events (16.6%) were defined due to hemorrhagic changes in patients. Conclusion: Drug interactions are likely to cause harm to the patient, which requires implementing barriers for the safety of the medication system.

scholarly journals Adverse drug reactions related to drug interactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Lylia Kheddouci ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
The Cost

Adverse drug reactions are numerous and steadily increasing as the emergence of new drugs on the market, the wide use within the population, and/or polypharmacy. Even if many drug interactions have an insignificant impact on the patient, others are causing an increase in hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality and therefore the cost. This article is a non-exhaustive review of published literature regarding adverse events related to drug interactions: their impacts, the factors favoring their occurrence, and the problematic around this theme. Most published studies are pharmaco-epidemiological and results vary depending on various factors.

Recent Patents on Phytoconstituents-based Formulations for the Treatment of Acne Infection: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Vandana Singh ◽  
Ravinder Verma ◽  
Deepak Kaushik ◽  
Vineet Mittal
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
The World ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Acne Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Herbal Formulations

Background: Acne is an infection of the skin that occurs in both men and women during their lifespan. There are various natural or synthetic products available in the market to prevent and cure this disease. Introduction: The majority of the world population depends on the herbs or natural resources for the relief of acne disease. These are used to lessen the cost of treatment and the side effects of synthetic analogs. Methodology: We have explored the various authentic web resources to compile information regarding different patented and marketed herbal formulations for acne treatment. Results: It has been found that most of the herbal formulation for acne include the plant actives/extracts having the potential activity against the Propionibacterium acne. The occurrence of this skin disease is also associated with the presence of free radicals in the body, which also causes the inflammation and redness of the skin. Further, the study of various patents also revealed that herbs with anti-oxidant properties have been used in most of the herbal anti-acne formulations. Moreover, the various patents also give the idea that herbal formulations also prevent the appearance of pimples on the skin. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the herbal anti-acne formulation is not only used to treat acne but also prevents this disease safely and economically.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices about adverse drug reaction among medical students in a medical college: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Roshi . ◽  
Vishal R. Tandon ◽  
Brij M. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adr Reporting ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are usually associated with drugs which may or may not go unnoticed. ADRs are of great concern for any health care set up as they directly or indirectly add to the cost of treatment, prolongation of treatment, hospital stay or sometimes may even cause death. Spontaneous ADR reporting forms an important part of pharmacovigilance.Methods: An observational study was carried out in a medical college to know the knowledge, attitude and practice being followed by them in a Medical College.Results: In present study all the students had knowledge about ADRs. Only 86.7% of the students knew how and where to report an ADR. 73.3% of the students knew who can report an ADR and they had visited ADRM centre but only 60% of the students knew which ADR is to be reported. 88% of the students had an attitude that it is important to report an ADR and 86.7% told that it is useful to report an ADR. 99.3% of the students had never reported an ADR. Only 1.4% of the students had really visited ADRM centre of their institution but none of the students had ever visited wards or OPDs to look for ADRs. 26.7% of the students said that they will report an ADR if they see it ever.Conclusions: There is good knowledge about ADRs and ADRM centre among students, but it needs to bring ADR reporting into practice by actively doing hands on workshops or by adding this exercise into practical curriculum.

scholarly journals An opportunity for clinical pharmacology trained physicians to improve patient drug safety: A retrospective analysis of adverse drug reactions in teenagers

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Andy R. Eugene ◽  
Beata Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Ondansetron Hydrochloride ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of hospital admissions, prolonged hospital stays, morbidity, and drug-related mortality. In this study, we sought to identify the most frequently reported medications and associated side effects in adolescent-aged patients in an effort to prioritize clinical pharmacology consultation efforts for hospitals seeking to improve patient safety.   Methods: Quarterly reported data were obtained from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) from the third quarter of 2014 and ending in the third quarter of 2017. We then used the GeneCards database to map the pharmacogenomic biomarkers associated with the most reported FAERS drugs. Data homogenization and statistics analysis were all conducted in R for statistical programming. Results: We identified risperidone (10.64%) as the compound with the most reported ADRs from all reported cases. Males represented 90.1% of reported risperidone cases with gynecomastia being the most reported ADR. Ibuprofen OR=188 (95% CI, 105.0000 – 335.000) and quetiapine fumarate OR=116 (95% CI, 48.4000 – 278.000) were associated with the highest odds of completed suicide in teenagers. Ondansetron hydrochloride OR=7.12 (95% CI, 1.59 – 31.9) resulted in the highest odds of pneumothorax. Lastly, olanzapine (8.96%) represented the compound with the most reported drug-drug interactions cases, while valproic acid OR=221 (95% CI, 93.9000 – 522.000) was associated with the highest odds of drug-drug interactions. Conclusion: Despite any data limitations, physicians prescribing risperidone in males should be aware of the high rates of adverse drug events and an alternative psychotropic should be considered in male patients. Further, patients with a history of pneumothorax or genetically predisposed to pneumothorax should be considered for an alternative antiemetic to ondansetron hydrochloride, due to increased odds associated with the drug and adverse event.

Glembotskaya G.T., Eremin S.Yu. Scientific and practical approach to optimizing costs on development and promotion of drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Галина Глембоцкая ◽  
Galina Glembockaya ◽  
Станислав Еремин ◽  
Stanislav Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Registration Phase

In order to identify promising strategic development possibilities for the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation, a pilot study was conducted, which has analyzed the main trends in the development of innovative medicines. As a result of the content analysis of available sources of scientific literature, the characteristics of options used in the world practice for increasing the innovative activity of individual subjects and the pharmaceutical market as a whole are presented. Possible reserves for the further development of the innovative component of the pharmaceutical market within the framework of the concept of personalized medicine according to the P4 principle (predictive - personalized - preventive - participatory) are identified and structured. The results of use by individual pharmaceutical companies of scientifically and practically justified approaches to optimizing the costs of development and promoting drugs are presented. The advantages and real prospects of a generally accepted method to reduce the cost of development by «expanding the pharmacological effect» (label expansion) of already existing drugs with a known safety profile in the world practice are shown. A scientific generalization and structuring of the goals and results of the post-registration phase of clinical trials to expand the pharmacological action of a number of drugs already existed at the market have been carried out.

Biology of Heme: Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions with CYP450

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 2042-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Heerak Chugh ◽  
Damini Sood ◽  
Snigdha Singh ◽  
Aarushi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Porphyrin Rings

Heme is central to functions of many biologically important enzymes (hemoproteins). It is an assembly of four porphyrin rings joined through methylene bridges with a central Fe (II). Heme is present in all cells, and its synthesis and degradation balance its amount in the cell. The deregulations of heme networks and incorporation in hemoproteins lead to pathogenic state. This article addresses the detailed structure, biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation associated afflictions to heme. The article is followed by its roles in various diseased conditions where it is produced mainly as the cause of increased hemolysis. It manifests the symptoms in diseases as it is a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-hemolytic agent. We have also discussed the genetic defects that tampered with the biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation of heme. In addition, a brief about the largest hemoprotein group of enzymes- Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) has been discussed with its roles in drug metabolism.

scholarly journals Cost of Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Pan India Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312199849
Author(s):  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
M Madhava ◽  
Suchitra S Patil ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
K. Perumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Of Disease ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease. While mortality rates are increasing, the costs of managing the disease are also increasing. The all-India average monthly expenditure per person (pppm) is reported to be ₹ 1,098.25, which translates to an annual expenditure of ₹13,179 per person. Purpose: While a number of studies have gone into the aspect of the cost of disease management, we do not find any study which has pan-India reach. We also do not find studies that focus on differences (if any) between rural and urban areas, age or on the basis of gender. We planned to report the cost of illness (COI) in diabetes individuals as compared to others from the data of a pan-India trial. Methods: Government of India commissioned the Indian Yoga Association to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India in 2017. As part of the questionnaire, the cost of treatment was also captured. Data collected from 25 states and union territories were analyzed using the analysis of covriance (ANCOVA) test on SPSS version 21. Results: There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between the average expenses per person per month (pppm) of individuals with self-reported known diabetes (₹1,357.65 pppm) and others (unknown and/or nondiabetes individuals–₹ 999.91 pppm). Similarly, there was a significant difference between rural (₹2,893 pppm) and urban (₹4,162 pppm) participants and between those below (₹1,996 pppm) and above 40 years (₹5,059 pppm) of age. Conclusion: This preliminary report has shown that the COI because of diabetes is significantly higher than others pointing to an urgent need to promote disease-preventive measures.

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