scholarly journals Iqbāl’s Position on Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salahuddin Mohd. Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Philosophical Style ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Religious Thoughts ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
First Time

Muḥammad Iqbāl’s book: Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam was published in English first time in Lahore in 1930 and then translated into Arabic. This book contains a collection of his six lectures that were delivered by Iqbāl in Madras and Hyderabad. These lectures were collected under the title: “Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam”. It is the biggest intellectual wealth left by Iqbāl. In his philosophical style, Iqbāl has addressed those topics that are related to the Islamic sciences, spiritual experiences, Existence of God Almighty, the reality and the nature, the human self, reparation, the choice, the spirit of Islamic civilization, the diligence and development of Islamic law. It seems that Iqbāl’s character appears in this book as an Islamic thinker and philosopher, in which we see him as he wants to develop a new Islamic science of speech. Iqbāl addressed these topics by the careful research and deep study in the light of Islamic knowledge and modern philosophy, and opened the doors of thinking about Islam to the contemporary thinkers and scholars in various fields. First of all, it is important to us to study his Islamic thought so that we can understand his poetry, which he wanted to put in the service of Islam, so we cannot ignore to study his seven lectures written in prose on the reconstruction of religious thoughts in Islam, as we think that the scholar cannot reach the spirit of his poetry and the depth of his thought without studying those lectures.

scholarly journals New Formation of Islamic Legislative System by Muḥammad Iqbāl

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salahuddin Mohd. Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Mental Experience ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Religious Thoughts ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
New Formation

If we want to study Muḥammad Iqbāl’s Islamic thought, we have to study his book: (Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam) before reading any book about him, as we cannot ignore this book on this subject, because the researcher cannot reach the depth of his thought and philosophy without studying this book. Iqbāl has philosophized in the statement of these complex topics that are related to “the science and spiritual experiences”, the perception of the existence of God, the reality and habit, the human self, the compulsory and choice, the spirit of Islamic civilization, Ijtihād, and development of Islamic legislative system. Iqbāl’s character in this book appears, as an Islamic poet, thinker and philosopher, in which we also see Iqbāl as he wants to develop a new Islamic science of speech. It should be noted that Muḥammad Iqbāl addressed these topics with careful research and deep study in the light of the teachings of Islam and modern philosophy, and opened the doors of thinking about Islam to his contemporary thinkers and scholars and those who came after them. Iqbāl by his mentality and being influenced by the philosophical approach tends to the synthesis of this method of mental analysis, but because of his religious tendency, he also tends to correct the steps of thought itself by highlighting the Qur’anic view on the content of the mental experience to follow in its footsteps towards the truth, using the descriptive analytical approach that is always fit in the treatment of such topics.

God’s Existence, Truth of Prophecy and Prayer as a Religious Experience to Muḥammad Iqbāl

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salahuddin Mohd. Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Mental Experience ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Religious Thoughts ◽  
Islamic Civilization

If we want to study Muḥammad Iqbāl’s Islamic thought, we have to study his book: (Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam) before reading any book about him, as we cannot ignore this book on this subject, because the researcher cannot reach the depth of his thought and philosophy without studying this book. Iqbāl has philosophized in the statement of these complex topics that are related to “the science and spiritual experiences”, the perception of the existence of God, the reality and habit, the human self, the compulsory provision and the choice, the spirit of Islamic civilization, and meaning of the prayer as a religious experience. Iqbāl’s character in this book appears, as an Islamic poet, thinker and philosopher, in which Iqbāl wants to develop a new Islamic science of speech. It should be noted that Muḥammad Iqbāl addressed these topics with a careful research and deep study in the light of the teachings of Islam and modern philosophy, and opened the doors of thinking about Islam to his contemporary thinkers and scholars and those who came after them. Iqbāl by his mentality and being influenced by the philosophical approach tends to the synthesis of this method of mental analysis, but because of his religious tendency, he also tends to correct the steps of thought itself by highlighting the Qur’anic view on the content of the mental experience to follow in its footsteps towards the truth, using the descriptive analytical approach that is always fit in the treatment of such topics.

scholarly journals HAKIKAT ILMU DALAM PEMIKIRAN ISLAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Arqom Kuswanjono
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Western Science ◽  
The West ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Ultimate Truth ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Islamic Science

This research, entitled Essence of Religion in Islam. Many people often connote science with Western. However, if tracked historically, Islam have enormous contribution in developing of science. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the scientific character of the West and Islam, analyzing the development of science in Islamic and discover the nature of science in Islam. This is a library research using hermeneutic method with method elements are description, verstehen and interpretation. The material object is Islamic thought while the formal object is the philosophy of science. The results of this research indicate that there is a distinctive characteristic between Western science and Islam from the aspect of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The most striking difference is the recognition of the existence of God. In its development, Islamic science actually stems from the Prophet Muhammad's own then forwarded the new companions subsequent Islamic thinkers. The nature of science in Islam includes facility, processes and objectives. Epistemologically, it means that Islam accepts ratio and sense as well as revelation and intuition, while the purpose of science is to reveal the truth in pursuit of Ultimate Truth.

سؤال العلاقة بين الفطرة والشريعة: قراءة معرفية (The Question of the Relationship between Shariah and Human Nature/fitrah: An Epistemological Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
المختار الأحمر
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Interconnected Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Aspect ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Shed Light

الملخّص يتناول البحث علاقة الفطرة بالشريعة في التفكير الإسلامي، وما تطرحه هذه العلاقة سواء على مستوى بيان الجوانب المتعلقة بخَلْق الإنسان وما فُطِر عليه ابتداء، وهذا البعد يمثّل الجانب التكوني في مفهوم الفطرة، أو على المستوى المتعلق بالشريعة وفطريتها، أي أنها جارية وفق ما يدركه العقل وتشهد به الفطرة، وهذا البعد يمثّل الجانب التشريعي الذي يطرحه مفهوم الفطرة. لقد زخرت أغلب الكتابات بتناول جانبا واحدا مما يتيحه أو يعكسه مفهوم الفطرة، لكن البحث في العلاقة التناسبية بين الفطرة والشريعة، وما يتيحه هذا النظر المتلازم بين المفهومين على مستوى الإمكانات المتعلقة بقدرات الإنسان الفطرية في فهم وتعقّل الخطاب الشرعي والأحكام التكليفية، والوقوف على غاياته ومقاصده، يبقى في حاجة إلى البحث والاستقصاء. ولذلك تأتي هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على الجانب التشريعي والتكويني في علاقة الشريعة بالفطرة، باعتبارهما نظامين متلازمين يتيحان فهم طبيعة الشريعة وأحكامها ومقاصدها من جهة، وتحديد جوهر وماهية الإنسان الفطرية وإمكاناته في تعقّل هذه الشريعة من جهة ثانية.                  الكلمات المفتاحية: الفطرة، الشريعة، الدين، التكاليف، العقل. Abstract This research addresses the relationship between premordial human nature (fitrah) and Islamic law (SharÊÑah) within the frame of Islamic thought, while exploring the questions it raises at two levels. The first level explains the aspects related to the creation of man and what has initially been bestowed upon him, which represents the evolutionary aspect of the concept of fiÏrah. The second level is related to SharÊÑah and its nature, which evolves according to what is percieved by reason and witnessed by fiÏrah; this represents the legislative aspect presented by the concept of fiÏrah. The majority of studies to date address a single aspect of the illustrations of the concept of fiÏrah. However, research on the dialectic relationship between fiÏrah and SharÊÑah and what its relevant concurrent view provides at the level of potentials related to human innate capacities in understanding and realizing SharÊÑah discourse and mandatory provisions as well as understanding its objectives  remains scarce and requires further research and investigation. Therefore, this study intends to shed light on the legislative and evolutionary aspects of the relationship between SharÊÑah and fiÏrah as two interconnected systems that allow for the understanding of the nature of SharÊÑah, its provisions and purposes, as well as identifying the essence of human innate nature and its potential in perceiving SharÊÑah. Keywords: human nature (fiÏrah), Islamic law (SharÊÑah), religious mandates (TakÉlif), religion, intellect (ÑAqal).

Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. White
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the shape and impact of piracy in the eastern half of the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire’s administrative, legal, and diplomatic response. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, piracy had a tremendous effect on the formation of international law, the conduct of diplomacy, the articulation of Ottoman imperial and Islamic law, and their application in Ottoman courts. Piracy and Law draws on research in archives and libraries in Istanbul, Venice, Crete, London, and Paris to bring the Ottoman state and Ottoman victims into the story for the first time. It explains why piracy exploded after the 1570s and why the Ottoman state was largely unable to marshal an effective military solution even as it responded dynamically in the spheres of law and diplomacy. By focusing on the Ottoman victims, jurists, and officials who had to contend most with the consequences of piracy, Piracy and Law reveals a broader range of piratical practitioners than the Muslim and Catholic corsairs who have typically been the focus of study and considers their consequences for the Ottoman state and those who traveled through Ottoman waters. This book argues that what made the eastern half of the Mediterranean basin the Ottoman Mediterranean, more than sovereignty or naval supremacy—which was ephemeral—was that it was a legal space. The challenge of piracy helped to define its contours.

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI POSITIF ORIENTALISME: KAJIAN ATAS REINHART DOZY (1820-1883 M)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Ghulam Falach
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Library Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Islamic Civilization

The main focus of Orientalist thought is nothing but to reconstruct and influence Islamic civilization. Their enthusiasm to activate orientalism is increasingly challenged by the presence of Islam as a religion that has followers of most of the world's population. One of the actions of orientalism towards the Islamic world is to start a research movement on the Qur'an and al-Hadith which are the basis of the law and guidelines of Muslims. Not far from the critics of the Qur'an and al-Hadith, they also deconstructed aspects of the development of science, Islamic law, and even the originality of Islamic history. Some famous orientalism figures, one of them is Reinhart Dozy, a famous orientelism from the Netherlands with the concept of literacy in the history of Islamic civilization in Spain. Even though he received a lot of criticism and appreciation from both orientalists and Muslim thinkers, his literary work has had a great influence on Islamic civilization. The discussion steps of this study are entirely carried out using qualitative research that is library research. To be more useful and function properly, this paper is equipped with an explanation using the method of description, interpretation and analysis of data in each discussion. This is done, none other than to focus the discussion to produce a consistent and comprehensive understanding.

scholarly journals Sistem Ekonomi (Islam) dan Pelarangan Riba dalam Perspektif Historis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Risanda Alirastra Budiantoro ◽  
Riesanda Najmi Sasmita ◽  
Tika Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Allah has given the guidance in the form of Islam for Muslim to take and lead all the aspects of life including the economic activity. The Islamic economic system is believed to be the answer of the economic problems that exist at this time. The goal is to achieve falah in kaffah by not doing some economic activities that are in violation as prescribed by Islam. For example is riba. Discourse on riba can be said "classical" both in the development of Islamic thought and in Islamic civilization because riba often occurs in all aspects of public life, especially economic transactions (in Islam called muamalah). Riba is an additional retrieval, either in a sale and purchase transaction or lending in a false or contrary to the principle of muamalah in Islam. Prohibition of riba is obtained from various sources by the Qur'an and Hadith Rasulullah SAW, so the scholars firmly and clearly defined the prohibition of riba because there are exploitative elements that can harm the others. So, this study is aimed to identif yIslamic economic system and the prohibition of riba in historical perspective. From the results of this study is expected to be a good reference for the reader to understand the Islamic economic system and riba in the future.Saran sitasi: Budiantoro, R., Sasmita, R., & Widiastuti, T. (2018). Sistem Ekonomi (Islam) dan Pelarangan Riba dalam Perspektif Historis. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 4(01), 1-13. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v4i1.138

scholarly journals المبادئ العامّة للفكر الأصول-فقهي الإسلامي في تعامله مع النّصّ

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (77) ◽  
pp. 43-13
Author(s):  
أيمن صالح
Keyword(s):  
The People ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
The Common ◽  
Context Of Situation

هدف هذا البحث إلى استقراء المبادئ الكلّيّة الّتي حكمت ولا تزال تحكم علم أصول الفقه الإسلامي في تعامله مع النّصّ الدينيّ، وتعيينها، وعرضها عرضاً موجزاً. هذا العلم الذي يرسم منهجيّة البحث بالنّسبة للعلوم الدّينيّة الأخرى والفكر الإسلاميّ بعامّة. وقد استطاع الباحث أن يتوصّل إلى اثني عشر مبدأً، هي تقريباً محلّ اتّفاقٍ بين الأصوليّين. وهذه المبادئ هي: 1) الاحتكام إلى النّصّ. 2) صِدْق النّصّ ومعقوليته. 3) شمول النّصّ بلفظه ومعناه للوقائع. 4) عموم النّصّ في الأشخاص إلى يوم القيامة. 5) إعْمال مَقاصد النّصّ. 6) انسجام النّصّ وتكامله. 7) عربيَّة النّصّ. 8) حمل النّصّ على ظاهِره إلا لدليل. 9) إعْمال الحال في مقال النّصّ. 10) الاحتِجاج بالنّصّ الثّابت الدّالّ الْمُحكم الرّاجح. 11) احترام تفسيرات المجتهدين للنّصّ. 12) اشتِراط أهليَّة المجتهد في النّصّ. This study aimed at deducting and briefly demonstrating the general principles that dominated and still dominating the science of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usul al Fiqh), the branch of Islamic science, which dictates the methodology of dealing with the holy Islamic text to other branches of Islamic sciences and consequently to the Islamic thought in general. The researcher managed to conclude twelve general principles, which are agreed upon by all the scholars of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usul al Fiqh) or the vast majority of them. These principles are: 1) the command of Text. 2) The Truthfulness and reasonability of the Text. 3) The comprehension of the Text to the events. 4) The comprehension of the text to the people until the judgment day. 5) The empowerment of the text aims. 6) The harmony and integration of the Text. 7) The arabisizm of the text. 8) Interpreting the text depending on the common meanings unless proven false. 9) Empowering the context of situation. 10) Using the proven true, to the point, unabrogated and superior Text in arguments. 11) Respecting the different scholars' interpretations of the text. 12) The necessity of being illegible to interpret the Text.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Osama Sami AL-Nsour
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.

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