New Formation of Islamic Legislative System by Muḥammad Iqbāl

If we want to study Muḥammad Iqbāl’s Islamic thought, we have to study his book: (Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam) before reading any book about him, as we cannot ignore this book on this subject, because the researcher cannot reach the depth of his thought and philosophy without studying this book. Iqbāl has philosophized in the statement of these complex topics that are related to “the science and spiritual experiences”, the perception of the existence of God, the reality and habit, the human self, the compulsory and choice, the spirit of Islamic civilization, Ijtihād, and development of Islamic legislative system. Iqbāl’s character in this book appears, as an Islamic poet, thinker and philosopher, in which we also see Iqbāl as he wants to develop a new Islamic science of speech. It should be noted that Muḥammad Iqbāl addressed these topics with careful research and deep study in the light of the teachings of Islam and modern philosophy, and opened the doors of thinking about Islam to his contemporary thinkers and scholars and those who came after them. Iqbāl by his mentality and being influenced by the philosophical approach tends to the synthesis of this method of mental analysis, but because of his religious tendency, he also tends to correct the steps of thought itself by highlighting the Qur’anic view on the content of the mental experience to follow in its footsteps towards the truth, using the descriptive analytical approach that is always fit in the treatment of such topics.

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God’s Existence, Truth of Prophecy and Prayer as a Religious Experience to Muḥammad Iqbāl

International Journal Of Scientific Advances ◽

10.51542/ijscia.v2i3.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Salahuddin Mohd. Shamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Religious Experience ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Spiritual Experiences ◽

Existence Of God ◽

Philosophical Approach ◽

Mental Experience ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

Islamic Science ◽

Religious Thoughts ◽

Islamic Civilization

If we want to study Muḥammad Iqbāl’s Islamic thought, we have to study his book: (Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam) before reading any book about him, as we cannot ignore this book on this subject, because the researcher cannot reach the depth of his thought and philosophy without studying this book. Iqbāl has philosophized in the statement of these complex topics that are related to “the science and spiritual experiences”, the perception of the existence of God, the reality and habit, the human self, the compulsory provision and the choice, the spirit of Islamic civilization, and meaning of the prayer as a religious experience. Iqbāl’s character in this book appears, as an Islamic poet, thinker and philosopher, in which Iqbāl wants to develop a new Islamic science of speech. It should be noted that Muḥammad Iqbāl addressed these topics with a careful research and deep study in the light of the teachings of Islam and modern philosophy, and opened the doors of thinking about Islam to his contemporary thinkers and scholars and those who came after them. Iqbāl by his mentality and being influenced by the philosophical approach tends to the synthesis of this method of mental analysis, but because of his religious tendency, he also tends to correct the steps of thought itself by highlighting the Qur’anic view on the content of the mental experience to follow in its footsteps towards the truth, using the descriptive analytical approach that is always fit in the treatment of such topics.

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Iqbāl’s Position on Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam

International Journal Of Scientific Advances ◽

10.51542/ijscia.v2i2.22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Salahuddin Mohd. Shamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Modern Philosophy ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Spiritual Experiences ◽

Existence Of God ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

Philosophical Style ◽

Islamic Science ◽

Religious Thoughts ◽

Islamic Civilization ◽

First Time

Muḥammad Iqbāl’s book: Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam was published in English first time in Lahore in 1930 and then translated into Arabic. This book contains a collection of his six lectures that were delivered by Iqbāl in Madras and Hyderabad. These lectures were collected under the title: “Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam”. It is the biggest intellectual wealth left by Iqbāl. In his philosophical style, Iqbāl has addressed those topics that are related to the Islamic sciences, spiritual experiences, Existence of God Almighty, the reality and the nature, the human self, reparation, the choice, the spirit of Islamic civilization, the diligence and development of Islamic law. It seems that Iqbāl’s character appears in this book as an Islamic thinker and philosopher, in which we see him as he wants to develop a new Islamic science of speech. Iqbāl addressed these topics by the careful research and deep study in the light of Islamic knowledge and modern philosophy, and opened the doors of thinking about Islam to the contemporary thinkers and scholars in various fields. First of all, it is important to us to study his Islamic thought so that we can understand his poetry, which he wanted to put in the service of Islam, so we cannot ignore to study his seven lectures written in prose on the reconstruction of religious thoughts in Islam, as we think that the scholar cannot reach the spirit of his poetry and the depth of his thought without studying those lectures.

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HAKIKAT ILMU DALAM PEMIKIRAN ISLAM

Jurnal Filsafat ◽

10.22146/jf.12787 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 291

Author(s):

Arqom Kuswanjono

Keyword(s):

Nature Of Science ◽

Material Object ◽

Striking Difference ◽

Western Science ◽

The West ◽

Existence Of God ◽

Ultimate Truth ◽

Library Research ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

Islamic Science

This research, entitled Essence of Religion in Islam. Many people often connote science with Western. However, if tracked historically, Islam have enormous contribution in developing of science. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the scientific character of the West and Islam, analyzing the development of science in Islamic and discover the nature of science in Islam. This is a library research using hermeneutic method with method elements are description, verstehen and interpretation. The material object is Islamic thought while the formal object is the philosophy of science. The results of this research indicate that there is a distinctive characteristic between Western science and Islam from the aspect of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The most striking difference is the recognition of the existence of God. In its development, Islamic science actually stems from the Prophet Muhammad's own then forwarded the new companions subsequent Islamic thinkers. The nature of science in Islam includes facility, processes and objectives. Epistemologically, it means that Islam accepts ratio and sense as well as revelation and intuition, while the purpose of science is to reveal the truth in pursuit of Ultimate Truth.

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Sectarian struggle in the Middle East and the new Alliances

Tikrit Journal For Political Science ◽

10.25130/poltic.v0i16.156 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Harith Qahtan Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Critical Period ◽

The Other ◽

New Era ◽

Islamic World ◽

The World ◽

Gulf States ◽

Other World ◽

Islamic Civilization ◽

New Formation

Our Islamic world passes a critical period representing on factional, racial and sectarian struggle especially in the Middle East, which affects the Islamic identification union. The world passes a new era of civilization formation, and what these a new formation which affects to the Islamic civilization especially in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Lebanon. The sectarian struggle led to heavy sectarian alliances from Arab Gulf states and Turkey from one side and Iran states and its alliances in the other side. The Sunni and Shia struggle are weaken the World Islamic civilization and it is competitive among other world civilization.

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Sistem Ekonomi (Islam) dan Pelarangan Riba dalam Perspektif Historis

JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI ISLAM ◽

10.29040/jiei.v4i1.138 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (01) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Risanda Alirastra Budiantoro ◽

Riesanda Najmi Sasmita ◽

Tika Widiastuti

Keyword(s):

Economic System ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Public Life ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Economic Problems ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

Islamic Economic ◽

Islamic Civilization

Allah has given the guidance in the form of Islam for Muslim to take and lead all the aspects of life including the economic activity. The Islamic economic system is believed to be the answer of the economic problems that exist at this time. The goal is to achieve falah in kaffah by not doing some economic activities that are in violation as prescribed by Islam. For example is riba. Discourse on riba can be said "classical" both in the development of Islamic thought and in Islamic civilization because riba often occurs in all aspects of public life, especially economic transactions (in Islam called muamalah). Riba is an additional retrieval, either in a sale and purchase transaction or lending in a false or contrary to the principle of muamalah in Islam. Prohibition of riba is obtained from various sources by the Qur'an and Hadith Rasulullah SAW, so the scholars firmly and clearly defined the prohibition of riba because there are exploitative elements that can harm the others. So, this study is aimed to identif yIslamic economic system and the prohibition of riba in historical perspective. From the results of this study is expected to be a good reference for the reader to understand the Islamic economic system and riba in the future.Saran sitasi: Budiantoro, R., Sasmita, R., & Widiastuti, T. (2018). Sistem Ekonomi (Islam) dan Pelarangan Riba dalam Perspektif Historis. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 4(01), 1-13. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v4i1.138

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المبادئ العامّة للفكر الأصول-فقهي الإسلامي في تعامله مع النّصّ

الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر (إسلامية المعرفة سابقا) ◽

10.35632/citj.v20i77.719 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (77) ◽

pp. 43-13

Author(s):

أيمن صالح

Keyword(s):

The People ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

Islamic Jurisprudence ◽

Islamic Science ◽

The Common ◽

Context Of Situation

هدف هذا البحث إلى استقراء المبادئ الكلّيّة الّتي حكمت ولا تزال تحكم علم أصول الفقه الإسلامي في تعامله مع النّصّ الدينيّ، وتعيينها، وعرضها عرضاً موجزاً. هذا العلم الذي يرسم منهجيّة البحث بالنّسبة للعلوم الدّينيّة الأخرى والفكر الإسلاميّ بعامّة. وقد استطاع الباحث أن يتوصّل إلى اثني عشر مبدأً، هي تقريباً محلّ اتّفاقٍ بين الأصوليّين. وهذه المبادئ هي: 1) الاحتكام إلى النّصّ. 2) صِدْق النّصّ ومعقوليته. 3) شمول النّصّ بلفظه ومعناه للوقائع. 4) عموم النّصّ في الأشخاص إلى يوم القيامة. 5) إعْمال مَقاصد النّصّ. 6) انسجام النّصّ وتكامله. 7) عربيَّة النّصّ. 8) حمل النّصّ على ظاهِره إلا لدليل. 9) إعْمال الحال في مقال النّصّ. 10) الاحتِجاج بالنّصّ الثّابت الدّالّ الْمُحكم الرّاجح. 11) احترام تفسيرات المجتهدين للنّصّ. 12) اشتِراط أهليَّة المجتهد في النّصّ. This study aimed at deducting and briefly demonstrating the general principles that dominated and still dominating the science of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usul al Fiqh), the branch of Islamic science, which dictates the methodology of dealing with the holy Islamic text to other branches of Islamic sciences and consequently to the Islamic thought in general. The researcher managed to conclude twelve general principles, which are agreed upon by all the scholars of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usul al Fiqh) or the vast majority of them. These principles are: 1) the command of Text. 2) The Truthfulness and reasonability of the Text. 3) The comprehension of the Text to the events. 4) The comprehension of the text to the people until the judgment day. 5) The empowerment of the text aims. 6) The harmony and integration of the Text. 7) The arabisizm of the text. 8) Interpreting the text depending on the common meanings unless proven false. 9) Empowering the context of situation. 10) Using the proven true, to the point, unabrogated and superior Text in arguments. 11) Respecting the different scholars' interpretations of the text. 12) The necessity of being illegible to interpret the Text.

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Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis

Al-Milal: Journal of Religion and Thought ◽

10.46600/almilal.v2i1.68 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 121-141

Author(s):

Osama Sami AL-Nsour

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

The Past ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

State And Society ◽

The Government ◽

The One ◽

The Individual ◽

Islamic Civilization ◽

Political Economic ◽

The Relationship

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.

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Victor Almon McKusick (21 October 1921–22 July 2008): Philosophical approach and historiography

Journal of Medical Biography ◽

10.1177/0967772016666207 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 264-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mikaela I Poling

Keyword(s):

History Of Medicine ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Medical Genetics ◽

Historical Research ◽

Philosophical Approach ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

History Of ◽

Selection Of

While many authors have surveyed the contributions of Victor Almon McKusick, MD (21 October 1921–22 July 2008) to establishing the field of medical genetics, no authors have reviewed his significant contributions as an historian to the field of the history of medicine. In discussing relevant biographical themes and their functional influence in his life, his philosophical approach to the study of the history of medicine and his unique historiography, blending various major schools of thought into a hybrid analytical approach to historical research, was evaluated. The evaluation drew on a series of interviews conducted with McKusick in 2004 and 2005, review of a selection of his published historical contributions, and review of secondary sources.

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ISLAM MESIR: ASAL-USUL, PERKEMBANGAN DAN CORAK PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN

Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Ushuluddin ◽

10.18592/jiu.v11i1.734 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Asrar Mabrur Faza

Keyword(s):

Perspective View ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

Modern Thought ◽

Thought Patterns ◽

Islamic Civilization ◽

The Military

This paper raised about Islamic thought patterns that exist in Egypt.According to the authors, the teachings of supplement Islam derived fromhistorical scenarios in a vulnerable time and place as in Egypt, was part ofthe perspective view of Islam as a historical religion. Therefore, the arrivalof Islam, the development and emergence of the Muslims in the fieldof modern thought in this country has its own uniqueness. The leaders ofthe Muslims during the military expansion of Egypt, from the beginninghas been offering the limits of interfaith tolerance. Some of the powerfulempires that ever existed in Egypt has contributed significantly to the constructionof Islamic civilization at that time. Egyptian Islamic thinkersboth modern and contemporary style has provided the liberal Islamicthought in that country. So that, it could be an example for other countriesin the development of Islamic thought in general.

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The Principle of Control Non Primary Gun System of the Indonesian National Army Protect Soldiers

BESTUUR ◽

10.20961/bestuur.v8i2.43140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Said Gunawan

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Military Operations ◽

Defense System ◽

Conceptual Approach ◽

Philosophical Approach ◽

Research Show ◽

Second Reconstruction

This study aims to analyze and discover the principle of non-defense equipment regulation as a legal protection effort for members of the Indonesian Armed Forces and to reconstruct non-defense system arrangements in the context of legal protection for members of the TNI based on the value of certainty and justice with dignity. The research method in this research is descriptive juridical using statute approach, conceptual approach, analytical approach, philosophical approach and case approach. These approaches can be combined. The results of the research show that first, the principle of non-defense system regulation is subject to Law Number 34 of 2004 concerning the Indonesian National Army, especially the principle of civilian supremacy. The principle is only included in the basis of consideration. Does not specifically regulate the general provisions and body of the regulation regarding the terms and meaning of non-defense equipment and has not become one of the main tasks of the TNI in non-war military operations. Second, reconstruction of the value of alusista and non-alusista abuse must be subject to sanctions. Keywords: Defense Equipment; Indonesian National Army; Defense.

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