scholarly journals Protein and energy partitioning for growth by rabbits fed soybean cheese waste diet and lablab hay

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
F. O Nwagu ◽  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Thirty crossbred rabbits were randomly allocated to five treatment combinations of soybean waste meal and lablab forage hay in a completely randomized design. The treatments comprised graded levels of soybean cheese waste meal diet (SCW) and lablab hay (LH) on a gram: gram basis: 1) 100g SCW: 60g LH (100:60S), 2) 75g SCW: 85g LH (75:85S), 3) 50g SCW: 110g LH (50:110S), 4) 25g SCW: 135g LH (25:135S), 5) 100g rabbit diet: 60g LH (100:60R,control). This gives a total feed supply of 160g/rabbit/day. Metabolic weight gain, empty body gain and composition of gain were significantly (p<0.001) higher for rabbits on 100:60S than 100:60R (control) and decreases with decrease in level of soybean cheese waste diet. Digestible crude protein (DCP) intake was higher (p<0.05) for the control (100:60R) than the SCW levels. DCP maintenance (DCPm) was significantly (p<0.05) lower for rabbits on 50:110S than 100:60S but similar for all other treatments. DCP content of gain, total DCP required for protein synthesis decreased significantly (p<0.001) as level of SCW decreased and LH increased and was higher for 100:60S than the control and other levels. Efficiency of DCP utilization for growth decreased as SCW level decreased and ranged between 0.41-0.85. Digestible energy (DE) intake of rabbits was significantly higher (p<0.001) on 25:135S and lower for 100:60S. More DE was retained as protein, fat and for growth by rabbits on 100:60S than the control and other SCW levels. DE. DE requirement for protein, fat, growth and total energy required for growth also decreased with decrease in level of SCW. The control and 75:85S rabbits significantly had higher DE requirement than 25:135S. Efficiency of DE utilization for growth was similar for the control, 100:60S and 75:85S than 25:135S. Efficiency of DE utilization ranged between 0.21-0.24 and was lowest on 25:135S.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI ULAT JERMAN MELALUI KOMBINASI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SAYURAN PASAR PADA FORMULASI MEDIA PAKAN YANG BERBEDA

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Erik Priyo Santoso ◽  
Akhadiyah Afrila ◽  
Eka Fitasari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Waste vegetable of traditional market provided very abundant and rarely used. German mealworm known as giant meal worms are the larvae of insects named Zhopobas morio parent has a size larger than the hongkong mealworm. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of vegetable waste in feed media of German mealworm which has a different nutrient content. This experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial design with treatment G1P1 (GE 4000 kcal / kg, PK 10%), G1P2 (GE 4000 kcal / kg, PK 12%), G1P3 (GE 4000 kcal / kg, PK 14% ), G2P1 (GE 4500 kcal / kg, PK 10%), G2P2 (GE 4500 kcal / kg, PK 12%), G2P3 (GE 4500 kcal / kg, PK 14%), G3P1 (GE 5000 kcal / kg PK 10 %) G3P2 (GE 5000 kcal / kg PK 12%), G3P3 (GE 5000 kcal / kg PK 14%), each treatments replicated 3 times. The results of the research showed that the application of vegetable waste in german worm feed media is able to increase the use of feed concentrates containing gross energy and crude protein low. Vegetable waste treatment in feed media which containing gross energy of 4000 kcal / kg and 14% crude protein showing the highest value on dry matter feed intake, weight of the harvest, and worm weight gain.

scholarly journals The use of fermented sago pulp as feed for super-native chicken for 1-5 weeks

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
ROKI RIANZA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Local Resource ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The purpose of this study was to determine consumtion, weight gain, and conversion of super-native chicken rations feed with fermented sago pulp. Sago pulp is a potential local resource for alternative poultry feed as well as an energy source, this can be seen from the metabolic content of sago pulp reaching 2340 kcal / kg, crude protein 3.40%, and crude fiber 11.61%. The purpose of this study was to determine consumption, weight gain, and conversion of super native chicken rations fed with fermented sago pulp. The research method is an experiment using a completely randomized design. The treatment ration used was T0 = (0% ASF), T1 = (10% ASF), T2 = (20% ASF) T3 = (30% ASF), Each treatment was repeated five times. Variables observed were ration consumption, weight gain, and ration conversion. The results of the study there were consumption, weight gain T3 (30% ASF), T2 (20% ASF), and T1 (10% ASF) significantly higher than treatment T0 (0% ASF). The lowest avarage ration conversion results are found in treatment T1 which is 2,40. The conclusion that fermented sago pulp (ASF) can be used in super native chicken rations to the level of 30%.

scholarly journals Performance and meat chemical composition of quails fed with different sorghum levels instead of corn

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Amaral Moraes ◽  
Evandro de Abreu Fernandes ◽  
Márcia Marques Silveira ◽  
Julyana Machado da Silva Martins ◽  
Fernanda Heloisa Litz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with sorghum in feed on performance, carcass yield, and composition of specialized meat cuts in quails. A total of 1200, 1-day-old female quails were raised up to 42 days of age. The completely randomized design consisted of four treatments with six replicates each and with 50 quails in each cage. Treatments consisted of four levels of sorghum replacement in the diet (0, 40, 60, and 100% sorghum). All birds were weighed to assess the weight gain. Feed conversion was calculated as the relationship between feed intake and weight gain. Mortality was reported daily and calculated at the end of each week. At 42 days, the birds were slaughtered and the carcass, thigh and drumstick, and breast yields were assessed. Mineral matter, ether extract, and crude protein analyses were performed using breast cuts and thigh + drumstick cuts. No significant differences were noted in cut performance, yield, or composition. Thus, it can be concluded that the ground grain sorghum can entirely replace corn in quail feed, as it does not negatively affect carcass performance, yield, and nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Energy partitioning for growth by rabbits fed groundnut and stylo santhes forages supplemented with concentrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
F. O. Nwagu ◽  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Class Groups ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty eight crossbred (California X New Zealand White) rabbits were used to evaluate energy partitioning of rabbits fed forages supplemented with concentrate. The rabbits were randomly allocated to three treatments consisting of sole Stylosanthes hamata (stylo),sole Arachis hypogea (groundnut) haulms and 50:50 mixture of both forages (mixed), and four class groups: weaners, 6-8 weeks old (0.79kg), growers, 11-12 weeks old (1.15kg), pubertal, 15-16 weeks old (1.36kg) and adult, >16 weeks old (1.55kg) in a completely randomized design (3 x 4 factorial experiment). The rabbits were individually housed and offered 150g forage and 50g concentrate diet in separate feeders at 08.00hr. Feeding sole or mixed forages did not significantly affect daily gain or body composition of rabbits. DE intake, DE retention as protein, fat and growth, DE requirement for maintenance, protein synthesis, fat synthesis and for growth were similar for sole and mixed forages. Efficiency of utilization of DE for growth was significantly higher for mixed forage than sole stylo and ranged between 0.41-0.43. DE intake was similar for all classes of rabbits. Weaners had significantly higher retained energy as protein, fat and growth, DE requirement for protein and fat synthesis and for growth and efficiency of DE utilization for growth than growing, pubertal and adult rabbits. Efficiency of DE utilization for growth ranged between 0.39-0.47. Retained energy as protein, fat and for growth were similar for weaner and grower rabbits on mixed forage but higher than for pubertal and adult rabbits. For sole stylo, weaner rabbits retained more energy as protein, fat and growth than grower, pubertal and adult rabbits while for sole groundnut haulms, weaner and pubertal rabbits retained more energy as protein, fat and growth than grower and adult rabbits. DE utilization was better for mixed than stylo. It is concluded that feeding a mixture of groundnut and stylo forages slightly increased gain and improved efficiency of DE utilization resulting in better performance of the rabbits.

scholarly journals Growth performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of plantain leaf

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
G. E. Enyenihi ◽  
U. A. Inyang ◽  
J. E. Ime
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Experimental Treatments

The potentials of non-conventional resources are great as they play an important role inalleviating the problem of cost and competition of conventional feed sources for livestock and poultry in Nigeria. This study aimed at investigating the growth performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of plantain leaf (PL). Thirty mixed bred rabbits aged 6-8 weeks old with an average weight of 0.70 ± 0.02 kg were randomly allotted to five experimental treatments of three replicates each in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of T1 – concentrate alone (control), T2 – T5 had 25g, 50g, 75g and 100g of PL respectively. Proximate composition of the feed were carried out while initial weight, final weight, feed intake, feed conversion and weight gain were measured. Results revealed that the crude protein and crude fibre contents of the concentrate and PL recorded 19.30% and 9.97% vs 0.98% and 8.11% respectively. Initially weight ranged from 0.65kg – 0.76kg. Rabbits on T2 recorded the least final weight (0.98kg) which was similar to those on T4 (1.05kg) and T3 (1.10kg) but lower (P<0.05) than those on T5 and T1 (1.32kg and 1.38kg respectively). Rabbits on T5 recorded the highest intake of PL (83.72g/d) while those on T2 had the least (21.04g/d). Weight gain was highest (0.68kg), for rabbits on T1 but least for those on T2 (0.23 kg). The feed conversion ratio ranged from 4.65 (T1) to 14.85 (T4). Rabbits were able to tolerate the plantain leaf meal up to 100g. In addition, rabbits on 100g/day plantain leaf performed comparably with those on control.

scholarly journals What is the digestibility and caloric value of different botanical parts in corn residue to cattle?1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3056-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A Petzel ◽  
Evan C Titgemeyer ◽  
Alexander J Smart ◽  
Kristin E Hales ◽  
Andrew P Foote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to measure rates of ruminal disappearance, and energy and nutrient availability and N balance among cows fed corn husks, leaves, or stalks. Ruminal disappearance was estimated after incubation of polyester bags containing husks, leaves or stalks in 2 separate ruminally cannulated cows in a completely randomized design. Organic matter (OM) that initially disappeared was greatest for stalks and least for husks and leaves (P < 0.01), but amounts of NDF that initially disappeared was greatest for husks, intermediate for stalks, and least for leaves (P < 0.01). Amounts of DM and OM that slowly disappeared were greatest in husks, intermediate in leaves, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). However, amounts of NDF that slowly disappeared were greatest in leaves, intermediate in husks, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). Rate of DM and OM disappearance was greater for leaves, intermediate for husks and least for stalks, but rate of NDF disappearance was greatest for stalks, intermediate for leaves, and least for husks (P < 0.01). Energy and nutrient availability in husks, leaves, or stalks were measured by feeding ruminally cannulated cows husk-, leaf-, or stalk-based diets in a replicated Latin square. Digestible energy lost as methane was less (P = 0.02) when cows were fed leaves in comparison to husks or stalks, and metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg DM) was greater (P = 0.03) when cows were fed husks and leaves compared with stalks. Heat production (Mcal/d) was not different (P = 0.74) between husks, leaves, or stalks; however, amounts of heat produced as a proportion of digestible energy intake were less (P = 0.05) among cows fed leaves in comparison to stalks or husks. Subsequently, there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for net energy available for maintenance from leaves (1.42 Mcal/kg DM) to be greater than stalks (0.91 Mcal/kg DM), and husks (1.30 Mcal/kg DM) were intermediate. Nitrogen balance was greater when cows were fed leaves, intermediate for husks, and least for stalks (P = 0.01). Total tract digestion of NDF was greater (P < 0.01) for husks and leaves compared with stalks. Husks had greater (P = 0.04) OM digestibility in comparison to stalks, and leaves were intermediate. Apparently, greater production of methane from husks in comparison to leaves limited amounts of energy available for maintenance from husks even though total-tract nutrient digestion was greatest when cows were fed husks or leaves.

scholarly journals Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleujosí da Silva Nunes ◽  
Gilberto Moraes ◽  
Fernando Fabrizzi ◽  
Araceli Hackbarth ◽  
Gustavo Alberto Arbeláez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s-1), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.

scholarly journals Ewe maternal behavior score to estimate lamb survival and performance during lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Barros de Moraes ◽  
Cesar Henrique Espírito Candal Poli ◽  
Vivian Fischer ◽  
Neuza Maria Fajardo ◽  
Marta Farias Aita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Presence Of People ◽  
Filial Behavior

Mortality of perinatal lambs and low weight at weaning cause huge liabilities to farmers. Current study describes maternal-filial behavior and evaluates the use of maternal behavior score (MBS) to estimate the behavior of ewes and lambs soon after birth, and correlate it with lamb mortality and performance during lactation. Thirty-seven Corriedale ewes were used in a completely randomized design. MBS was assessed up to 24 hours after birth, taking into consideration the distance of the ewe from the lamb at the approach of a person. Maternal behavior, placental weight, weight gain of the lambs until weaning and their survival rate were also evaluated until two hours after lambing. More than 90% of the ewes had adequate maternal behavior, with parental care, even though ewes were very sensitive to the presence of people. There was no significant correlation between MBS and maternal behavior, lamb mortality rate and live weight gain. Under these conditions, MBS was not a useful tool to estimate maternal behavior and performance of lambs. 

scholarly journals Comparison on biomass production of three fodder germplasms

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Kanak ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
MR Debi ◽  
ZH Khandakar ◽  
MK Pikar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

The experiment was conducted to study the comparison on biomass production of fodder germplasm. Para (Brachiaria mutica Stapf.), German (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and Dhal (Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell) grasses were cultivated in a completely randomized design (CRD). The whole area was divided into nine plots. The area of each unit plot was 6 m x 6 m. Number of cuttings were 16,000 /hectare where Plant to Plant distance was 16 cm and row and raw distance was 16 cm. Equal amount of organic and chemical fertilizer were applied in all cutting. The fodders were first harvested after 60 days of planting, second and third after successive 60 days of re-growth. The findings of the study showed that fresh biomass (p<0.01) and dry biomass yield (p<0.05) of three fodder germplasm differed significantly. Crude protein and organic matter yield were significant (p<0.01) only in the second cutting. German grass was showed significantly higher in CP and OM yield (p<0.01) at second cutting than other grasses. However, no significant effect on plant height was observed among three grasses. From the above findings it may be concluded that among the three fodder germplasm, German fodder showed best result in respect of biomass production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 35-39

scholarly journals BROMATOLOGIA DE GRAMÍNEAS TROPICAIS SOB DIFERENTES TENSÕES DE ÁGUA NO SOLO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Morgana Scaramussa Gonçalves ◽  
Wilian Rodrigues Ribeiro ◽  
Edvaldo Fialho Dos Reis ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Water Tension

A irrigação é usada para conter os efeitos da sazonalidade de produção garantindo maior intensificação dos sistemas de produção a pasto, assim, contribuindo para o aumento da produção e do valor bromatológico das gramíneas. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o valor bromatológico de gramíneas tropicais cultivadas em condições de ambiente protegido, submetidas a diferentes tensões de água no solo. Foram realizados três experimentos com as gramíneas Mombaça, Marandu e Tifton 85, onde cada qual, foi conduzida em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os níveis do fator tensão de água no solo (20, 40, 50, 60 e 70 kPa) e nas subparcelas níveis 1º, 2º e 3º do fator corte, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Nas tensões de água no solo de 20 (Mombaça) e 50 kPa (Marandu e Tifton 85) as gramíneas expressaram seu máximo de valor nutritivo. Os maiores teores de PB foram obtidos nas gramíneas Mombaça e Tifton 85. Para as variáveis FDN e FDA o fator tensão de água no solo não foi significativo.Palavras-chave: proteína bruta, fibra, irrigação, forrageiras. BROMATOLOGY OF TROPICAL GRASSES UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL WATER TENSIONS IN PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT:The irrigation is used to contain the effects of seasonality of production, ensuring a greater intensification of pasture production systems, thus contributing to the increase of production and the bromatological value of grasses. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritive value of tropical grasses grown under protected environment conditions, subject to different soil water stresses. Three experiments, using Mombasa, Marandu and Tifton 85 grasses under a protected environment were carried out and each one was conducted in a subdivided plots scheme, with the levels of soil water tension factor (20, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kPa) and in the subplots levels 1, 2 and 3 of the cut factor, in a completely randomized design with five replicationss. At soil water stresses of 20 (Mombasa) and 50 kPa (Marandu and Tifton 85) the grasses expressed their maximum nutritive value. The highest CP levels were obtained in the Mombasa and Tifton 85 grasses. For the NDF and ADF variables, the soil water stress factor was not significant.Keywords: crude protein, fiber, irrigation, forages.

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