scholarly journals FORMATION OF A NEW SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISION DURING THE SOVIET PERIOD OF KASSR IN 1928-30s (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NORTHERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Naimanbayev ◽  
◽  
K.T. Bazarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Great Famine ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Territorial Division ◽  
New System

The article examines the process of migration and its impact on the change in the demographic situation in Kazakhstan in the 30s-40s. of the first half of the twentieth century. This period went down in history as the time of "forced collectivization", "forced industrialization", massive political repression and deportation of entire peoples. Kazakhstan has become the territory where these processes manifested themselves most acutely and tragically. As a result of the Great Famine, millions of Kazakhs died and left their homeland, which almost led to the death of the entire ethnic group. There has been a radical change in the ethnic structure of the population of the republic, expressed in a significant decrease in the number and proportion of Kazakhs, an increase in the number and proportion of Russian and Slavic ethnic groups, the formation of a multi-ethnic composition at the expense of the deported peoples.

River basin principle of population settlement and organization of nature management in a mountain landscape as an alternative to modern administrative-territorial division

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
А.М. Хатухов ◽  
◽  
Ф.Ж. Берова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
The North ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Territorial Division

The article discusses the problem of administrative-territorial division (ATD) of one of the national republics of the North Caucasus within Russia – the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR). It is argued that the modern ADT of the republic is a legacy of Russia's colonial policy in the North Caucasus in the 19th century and the command and administrative system of the Soviet period in the 20th century. The results of the study indicate that by the end of the twentieth century, due to the redistribution of the population and integration processes, the ethnic map of KBR came into conflict with the ATD on an ethno-political basis. A new version of the ATD of the region based on the basin principle has been proposed and justified, removing the interethnic contradictions generated by the previous division and guaranteeing the sustainable development of the republic

Features of Population Reproduction and Assessment of Demographic Security of the Republic of Khakassia in the Context of Siberian and All-Russian Trends in the Post-Soviet Period

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 252-271
Author(s):  
S. V. Soboleva ◽  
N. E. Smirnova ◽  
O. V. Chudaeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dynamic Series ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article compares the changes in the demographic situation in the Republic of Khakassia with the regional demographic development of the neighboring republics of Altai and Tyva, as well as Krasnoyarsk Krai against the background of Siberian and all-Russian trends for the period 1990–2020. A comparative analysis of the main indicators of population reproduction of these territories was carried out using the method of multi-regional demographic analysis of dynamic series based on Rosstat data. The conclusion is made about the decrease in the level of demographic security in recent years in the Republic of Khakassia, as well as the country as a whole, due first to a decrease in fertility, and then an increase in mortality against the background of the population ageing.

River basin principle of administrative territorial division as an alternative for modern settlement of ethnic groups of population in Kabardino-Balkaria

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
A.M. Khatukhov ◽  
◽  
F.Zh. Berova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Political Principle ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Territorial Division

Discussed is the problem of complex (historical-demographical, ecological-geographical and economical) administrative-territorial division (ATD) of one of national republics of the North Caucasus, i.e. Kabardino-Balkaria Republic (KBR), based on a comprehensive approach. Data on population censuses of different years, scientific works on discussed topic and the authors own materials on geo-ecology and demography of KBR were used. The archaic character of ATD of the region according to ethnopolitical principle is shown, and it is argued, that such a division of the republic’s territory is a legacy of Russia's colonial policy in the North Caucasus in the 19th century, and the command and administrative system of the Soviet period in the 20th century. Based on historical information, sources of dismemberment of the predecessor of the KBR, i.e. Kabarda (the name up to 1922) on ethno-political principle as one of the tools for solving the militarystrategic task of weakening and “appeasing” are highlighted. Rejection and occupation by Russian colonists of the plain part of Kabarda and redistribution by colonial administration of remaining territory between two indigenous ethnic groups (Kabardins and Balkars) with infringement of one side and encouragement of other created a “three-story” contradictory structure: one on the plain, others on the foothills, others on the foothills in the mountains. Such a division was finally established as a result of administrative-territorial reform of the 1920s and continues to form the formal basis of ATD of KBR. This fact, as well as consolidation of artificial division of Kabarda in the double name of the republic (Kabardino-Balkaria) periodically becomes occasion for demonstration of ostentatious separatist sentiments. Results of this study indicate, that by the end of the 20th century, due to redistribution of population and integration processes, the ethnic map of KBR came into conflict with the ATD on ethno-political basis. With this in mind, a new version of ATD of KBR, based on basin principle is proposed and justified, removing interethnic contradictions, generated by previous division and guaranteeing sustainable development of the republic. Relevance of the study is in the imperfection of ATD of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as the cause of interethnic contradictions has not yet become the subject of a special study. Thus, adoption of the basin principle as the basis of the ATD with establishment of 5th districts instead of the current 10th would remove problems, created by ethno-political division and contribute to sustainable development and preservation of unique nature of one of mountain resorts of the country.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF A NEW SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISION IN KASSR IN THE 1928-1930s (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NORTHERN REGION)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
К.Т. Bazarov ◽  
◽  
B.R. Naimanbayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Management System ◽  
State Building ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Territorial Division ◽  
New System

The paper discusses the issues related to identifying changes in the administrative-territorial division of Kazakhstan in the late 1920-1930s of the 20th century. The objectives of the Soviet state building required the demolition of the former tsarist system of government and the creation of a new structure of the administrative-territorial structure. It is noted that the new management system was more effective and pragmatic than the previous one and more specifically took into account the peculiarities of the economic and geographical nature and composition of the population. It is especially emphasized that the meaning of the reforms was, first of all, in carrying out economic zoning for the allocation of economic zones with different specialization. These reforms in Kazakhstan began later than in the central regions and were carried out on the basis of a special plan approved by the Soviet government. Akmola province was one of the largest territorial formations on the territory of the Kazakh Territory, in connection with which the implementation of the administrative-territorial reorganization in it was of key importance. That is why the northern region was chosen as an example in this paper

scholarly journals THE MODERN ETHNIC GEOGRAPHY OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Viktor N. Fedorko ◽  
◽  
Sergey L. Yanchuk ◽  
Shukhrat B. Kurbanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Desert Oasis ◽  
Spatial Grouping ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Territorial Division ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Ethnic Geography

Spatial analysis of the population ethnic structure is a poorly developed area of socio-geographical research in Uzbekistan. The authors of the article are the first to develop a multi-level scheme of ethno-geographical zoning of Uzbekistan based on the current statistical data on the ethnic composition of the population in the republic. These statistical materials are the only source of information on the ethnic structure of the population of the country and its regions, taking into account the fact that the census in Uzbekistan has not been conducted after 1989. In the course of research, the methodological foundations of ethno-geographical zoning of Uzbekistan were developed, in particular, its principles, criteria, and taxonomic units. Ethno-geographical zoning was carried out in accordance with the grid of administrative-territorial division based on spatial grouping of rural areas and cities of regional and republican subordination; 33 types of ethnic environments were distinguished. Zoning is three-level and includes three taxonomic stages: 4 ethnogeographic provinces, 6 ethnogeographic districts and 32 ethnogeographic areas. In addition, there were identified ‘through’ spatial units − ethnogeographic tiers: upper (mountain), middle (foothill-plain) and lower (desert-oasis). The main ethnogeographic boundaries within the territory of Uzbekistan, tied to the orographic and landscape boundaries, were determined. The features of the population ethnic structure in all the ethnogeographic provinces, districts and areas are characterized. An ethno-geographical zoning map of the republic has been compiled.

scholarly journals Transformation of the oikonyms of the Republic of Tajikistan: analysis and mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-328
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gerasimenko ◽  
Natalia Sviatokha
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Republic

Toponymy of different epochs on the map of Tajikistan, as well as other complex ethno-cultural regions, coexists. It is explained by the dynamics of the ethnic composition of the population for millennia. Toponymy in a certain extent reflects the historical and geographical specifics of the region. Several toponymic layers are highlighted on the map of the republic. The “Soviet” layer reflects the processes of unification that were prevailing during this period of time throughout the entire Soviet space. As part of the project, supported by a grant from the Russian Geographical Society, it is planned to create a series of maps showing the change in toponymy in the post-Soviet space. The purpose of this stage of the study was to analyze the transformation of the oikonyms of the level of district centers throughout the 20th–21st centuries, and especially in the post-Soviet period. The scale of renaming is much wider and applies to oronyms, hydronyms and other toponyms. In the framework of the historical and geographical approach, we used a system of methods to identify transformation trends: comparison of multi-temporal maps, statistical, geoinformation. We have created a database based on an analysis of the dynamics of the oikonymy of sixty-five settlements of Tajikistan over the period of the 20th–21st centuries. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the processes of regionalization and transformation of the cultural and geographical space intensified and accelerated on the territory of the newly formed sovereign states. One of the indicators of these processes became a large-scale tendency to rename the names of geographical objects. In the Republic of Tajikistan, the renaming of districts, cities, rural settlements and individual objects is carried out in the several directions. They are: a replacement of “Soviet” (for the most part Russian) names, renaming some Turkic (Uzbek) place names, and renaming also some place names in Tajik. Most of the renamed settlements received historical names or the names of figures of Tajik history and culture. An analysis of the processes of change, in particular, desovetization, derusification, deturization and transformation of traditional Tajik toponyms, revealed the need to fix the current and lost toponymic system of Tajikistan, as well as other post-Soviet countries.

Radicalization of Dagestan’s youth in the post-Soviet period

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Yusup Guseynov
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Regular Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is based on archival materials, field ethnographic material and examines the problem of youth radicalism in the post-Soviet period. In the XXI century the second regular process of recruiting young people into the ranks of terrorists began. However, thanks to the official clergy (the Muftiate of the Republic of Dagestan), state authorities, public associations of the Republic, the process of radicalization of young people has stopped.

Assessment of the state of the heat economy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
V. R. Darbasov ◽  
◽  
M. Р. Solomonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The North ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Heat Energy Market

The article assesses the state of the heat economy of the Northern region. The purpose of the article is to reveal the reasons for chronic backwardness of the region's industry from the average Russian indicators. To achieve the goal, solved the following problems: the features of heat economy in the North, analyzes the housing development, production and consumption of heat energy, as the sources of heat energy and heat networks, and also reforms in the heat economy of the region, based on which conclusions on assessment of the heat economy of the region. In recent years, there has been a twofold decrease in the rate of renewal of fixed assets of the heat economy against the norm, low rates of introduction of the resource-saving technologies in the heat economy, and in general, in the housing and communal services of the region. The level of marginal balance of supply and demand in the heat energy market is determined. The article is written to correct the decisions of the Federal and regional Executive authorities in terms of ensuring the reliability of heat economy of the Northern region.

Bastions of Tradition: The Ethnic Factor and Political Machines in Russian Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-111
Author(s):  
Stanislav Shkel
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Political Machines ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Material Benefits ◽  
The Republic

The regional machines created by the Russian governors in the mid-1990s turned out to be most effective in the ethnic republics. This phenomenon is supported by several facts, with the primary as follows: the density of the patronage networks among the rural ethnic minorities, and the economic heritage of the Soviet period and ethnical institutionalization. These factors allowed regional elites to integrate ethnic minorities into the clientelism structure to distribute symbolic and material benefits in exchange for their electoral support. However, at present, the federal authorities have considerably reduced the autonomy of the ethnic republics and deprived them of many ethnic preferences. Basing on the analysis of the electoral statistics from the Russian Presidential Election of 2018, this article researches the political consequences caused by the changed relationship between the center and the regions, as well as the changes in functioning of regional political machines in the circumstances where the governors’ institutional and resource autonomy has been reduced. The data analysis allowed for the discovery of the diversified electoral behavior of ethnic minorities in different republics. The reasons for the above diversification have been explained based on a comparative analysis of five case studies (the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Komi Republic, the Chuvash Republic, and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)).

The Second Spanish Republic in soviet and russian studies: specificity, problems, interpretations

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-368
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Grantseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Second Spanish Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

For many years, representatives of Soviet and then Russian historical science paid special attention to the period of the Second Spanish Republic and, especially, to the events of 1936-1939. The Spanish Civil War was and remains a topic that attracts the attention of specialists and influences the development of a multifaceted Russian-Spanish cultural dialogue. There are significantly fewer works on the peaceful years of the Republic, which is typical not only for domestic science, but also for the historiography of this period as a whole. Four key periods can be distinguished in the formation of the national historiography of the Spanish Republic. The first is associated with the existence of the Republic itself and is distinguished by significant political engagement. The second opens after 1956 and combines the continuity with respect to the period of the 1930s. and, at the same time, striving for objectivity, developing methodology and expanding the source base. The third stage is associated with the period of the 1970s-1980s, the time of the restoration of diplomatic relations between the USSR and Spain, as well as the active interaction of historians of the two countries. The fourth stage, which lasted thirty years, was the time of the formation of the Russian historiography of the Second Republic, which sought to get rid of the ideological attitudes that left a significant imprint on the research of the Soviet period. This time is associated with the active archival work of researchers and the publication of sources, the expansion of topics, interdisciplinary approaches. Among the studies of the history of the Second Republic outside Spain, Russian historiography has a special place due to the specifics of Soviet-Spanish relations during the Civil War, and the archival funds in our country, and the traditions of Russian historical Spanish studies, and the preservation of republican memory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document