P Pemanfaatan Arduino Uno sebagai Alat Ukur Offset Voltage pada Infra Red Detector type TO39 dengan pembanding alat ukur DMM

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Gunawan Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Detector ◽  
Ir Detector ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Offset Voltage ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
Detector Type ◽  
Wide Operating

The infrared detector (or IR detector) is an optoelectronic component and represents the core element of gas analyzers, flame sensors, devices of spectral analysis, as well as non-contact temperature measurement. pyroelectric infrared detectors work with  stabilization time  in a wide operating temperature range (-55 ... 85) °C, capable of measuring the slightest amounts of infrared radiation (as little as a fraction of a nW) with wavelengths between 1 µm and > 25 µm. The difference of the good pyroelectric or No good (NG) devices shown by graph of voltage offset operating that can check by manual using Digital Multi Meter or semi auto by using microcontroller One of importance measuring of IRD sensors  is Offset Voltage, stabilization of offset voltage indicate the sensor is stable with certain level value. Stabilization value measurement during measuring time means the average value not so much different with fluctuation value.  10 bit ADC on Atmega 328 that main microcontroller on Arduino Uno is capable to measure the Offset Voltage of IRD sensor and check the measurement values is within specification of IRD sensor.

The Effect of Jigsaw Methode and Motivation on Students’ of Learning Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Yunita Yunita ◽  
Hidayat Hidayat ◽  
Harun Sitompul
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
High Learning ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Motivation

This study aims to: (1) investigate the effect of Jigsaw cooperative learning on students learning outcomes; (2) find the difference in learning outcomes between high and low learning motivation and (3) find the interaction between learning approaches and learning motivation towards learning outcomes. The population of the study is students of grade IVa, IVb, IVc at SD Kasih Ibu Patumbak and the sample in this study is grade IVa with 35 students and grade IVb with 35 students. The results show that: (1) the average student learning outcomes of jigsaw cooperative learning is 28.40 while conventional is 24.14. Thus, students learning outcomes that get cooperative learning of jigsaw type are higher than conventional learning, (2) Students who have high motivation get an average value = 30.74, while low motivation is 22.72. Thus, it can be concluded that there are differences in student learning outcomes having high learning motivation and low learning motivation, and (3) students learning outcomes  taught by jigsaw cooperative learning are high learning motivation groups (32.94), and low learning motivation groups (24.58), while students taught with conventional learning are high learning motivation groups (28.40 ), and low motivation groups (20,95). Thus, there is no interaction between learning approaches and learning motivation towards learning outcomes.

Pengaruh Jumlah Pencucian Beras dengan Kadar Klorin

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Indah Purwaningsih ◽  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Iodometric Titration ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract: Chlorine is a green halogen-shaped halogen gas at normal temperature and serves as bleach, stain remover and disinfectant. Chlorine is now widely used for bleaching rice so that less quality rice looks like quality rice. Chlorine is very toxic and causes mucous membrane irritation, highly reactive and very powerful oxidizer. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference of chlorine level in chlorinated rice washed once, twice and 3 times. The sample in this study amounted to 11 samples calculated by replication formula. Each sample was treated 3 times, ie 1 washed once, 2 washed twice and washed 3 times. The samples then examined by iodometric titration method. Based on the results of the study using ANOVA test, 11 samples obtained the average value of chlorine after washed once amount of 0.0176%, after washed twice amount of 0.0111%, and after washed 3 times amount of 0.0052% with the value significance p = 0.03 (p <0.05) at 95% confidence level which means there was a significant difference between chlorine levels in chlorinated rice washed once, twice and 3 times.Abstrak: Klorin merupakan unsur halogen berbentuk gas berwarna kuning kehijauan pada suhu normal danberfungsi sebagai pemutih, penghilang noda maupun desinfektan. Klorin sekarang banyak digunakan untuk bahan pemutih beras agar beras yang kurang berkualitas tampak seperti beras berkualitas. Klorin sangat toksik dan menyebabkan iritasi membran mukosa, sangat reaktif dan merupakan oksidator yang sangat kuat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar klorin pada beras berklorin yang dicuci sebanyak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 11 sampel yang dihitung dengan rumus replikasi. Setiap sampel diberi perlakuan sebanyak 3 kali, yaitu 1 kali pencucian, 2 kali pencucian dan 3 kali pencucian. Sampel penelitian kemudian diperiksa dengan metode titrasi iodometri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Anova secara komputerisasi terhadap 11 sampel diperoleh nilai rata-rata kadar klorin setelah 1 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0176 %, setelah 2 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0111 %, dan setelah 3 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0052 % dengan nilai signifkansi p = 0,03 (p<0,05) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% yang artinya ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar klorin pada beras berklorin yang dicuci sebanyak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali.

Results of studying the dimensional accuracy of the bases of complete removable prostheses made using 3D printing and traditional technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Vokulova Yu.A. Vokulova ◽  
E.N. Zhulev
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Difference

This article presents the results of studying the dimensional accuracy of the bases of complete removable prostheses made using a 3D printer and the traditional method. Bases of complete removable prostheses were made using an intraoral laser scanner iTero Cadent (USA) and a 3D printer Asiga Max UV (Australia). To study the dimensional accuracy of the bases of complete removable prostheses, we used the DentalCAD 2.2 Valletta software. The Nonparametric Wilcoxon W-test was used for statistical analysis of the obtained data. We found that the average value of the difference with the standard for bases made using digital technologies is 0.08744±0.0484 mm. The average value of the difference with the standard for bases made by the traditional method is 0.5654±0.1611 mm. Based on these data, we concluded that the bases of complete removable prostheses made using modern digital technologies (intraoral laser scanning and 3D printer) have a higher dimensional accuracy compared to the bases of complete removable prostheses made using the traditional method with a significance level of p<0.05 (Wilcoxon's W-test=0, p=0.031). Keywords: digital technologies in dentistry, digital impressions, intraoral scanner, 3D printing, ExoCAD, complete removable dentures.

Electronic irradiation of TlInSxSe2−x (x = 1): Morphology, structure and raman scattering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Tashmetov ◽  
F. K. Khallokov ◽  
N. B. Ismatov ◽  
I. I. Yuldashova ◽  
S. Kh. Umarov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase State ◽  
Monoclinic Structure ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Single Phase State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electronic Irradiation ◽  
The Difference

It is shown that the replacement of a part of sulfur atoms with selenium atoms in a TlInS2 single crystal stimulates the formation of a single-phase state with a monoclinic structure (space group [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] in TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Irradiation with 2 MeV electrons and a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2 of powder TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) leads to an increase in the crystallite size from 56.5 nm to 65 nm, which is most likely associated with a decrease in the interface. The difference between the surface morphology of the synthesized TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal and the surface morphology of the TlInS2 single crystal is established, which consists in a decrease in the height and width of the roughness in TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Irradiation of a TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal with electrons with a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2 does not lead to a change in the height of the tubercle on its surface, and the average value of its width increases more than ten-fold. The identity of the peaks in the Raman spectra of the TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal before and after its irradiation with electrons with an energy of 2 MeV and upto a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2, along with the absence of a shift of the peaks, indicates the radiation resistance of the TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal.

Anisotropy Gas Reservoir Drainage Radius and Quantitative Well Interference Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Long Gao ◽  
Hong Fu Fan ◽  
Zhi Bin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Equivalent Radius ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Drainage Radius ◽  
Well Spacing ◽  
Cumulative Production ◽  
The Difference

Unstable productivity analysis method was used to obtain the equivalent radius of 77 wells and the result shows that the equivalent radius ranges from 30 to 970m with an average value of 230m in McKittrick Hills. The difference range of the radius is mainly caused by varying formation properties, gas saturation, production time, etc. Permeability anisotropy changes the drainage from round to ellipse. The major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse are determined by the ratio of major and minor permeability. Current pressure distribution was obtained and was found to be consistent with the modified drainage results, which demonstrates that the unstable productivity analysis method is applicable in the study of gas well drainage radius. An interference well and an observation well’s model was constructed to study well interference quantitatively. When the well spacing is larger than 750m, the productivity will be reduced by 20%. The production rate of interference well is more sensitive to the cumulative production of observation well, when the production rate of interference well is below 16.8×104m3/d.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF POLISH LARCH IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Maksim Lavrenov ◽  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vladimir Nikitin ◽  
Vera Savchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Average Value ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Independent Species

Polish larch trees are among the most valuable among forest species both in natural growing conditions and in the conditions of introduction. However, its taxonomic status is not fully resolved due to the similarity in morphological features with European and Siberian larch. We conducted a comparative analysis of these species of larch on the morphological features of cones and needles. The studies were carried out in the conditions of introduction in the center of the European part of Russia. We present the average value of the trait (XSR ± Sx) and the degree of its variation (V %). The reliability of the difference between the samples according to these characteristics was determined based on the calculation of the student's criterion t. As a result, we found that the Polish larch has smaller cones and significantly differs from the European and Siberian larch in all studied features (length of cones, width of cones, number of scales in cones, length of needles). These results indicate the isolation of the Polish larch, but this pattern can be expressed not only when referring to the Polish larch in the rank of an independent species – Larix polonica Racib., but also as a subspecies of European larch (Larix decidua var. polonica (Racib. ex Wóycicki) Ostenf. & Syrach).

scholarly journals Difference in height of maxillary alveolar ridge on edentulous women and dentate women using panoramic radiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1243-1248
Author(s):  
Cek Dara Manja ◽  
Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The height of the maxillary alveolar ridge can be measured using panoramic radiography. The decline occurred because the height of the alveolar ridge undergoes slow physiological resorption due to the absence of mechanical stimulus. The purpose of this research is to know the difference and the average height of the maxillary alveolar ridge in edentulous and dentate women using panoramic radiography. This study is an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. A total sample of 40 women, edentulous and dentate has been measured. Measurements were made by measuring the distance between the lowest point of the infraorbital ridge and alveolar crest maxilla on the incisor point, right and left premolar, right and left molar. A statistical test is done using independent t-test. The results showed that the average value of a dentate women sample is greater than edentulous. The average value obtained by the dentate sample is greatest in incisor point by 37,57mm± 3,34mm and the smallest at the right molar point by 33,87mm ± 2,81mm. The average value obtained by the edentulous sample is greatest in incisor point by 35,30mm ± 2,79mm and the smallest at the right molar point by 31,84mm ± 3,85mm. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the height of the maxillary alveolar ridge on an edentulous sample and dentate, except the right molar teeth. The average height of the maxillary alveolar ridge in an edentulous sample is 33,35mm ± 3,43mm, and the dentate sample is 35,66mm ± 3,21mm.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Kedalaman Permukaan Air Tanah dengan Salinitas di Pesisir Pantai Kungkai Baru serta Penggunaan Model Discovery Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Sutijo Joko Sudiro ◽  
Muchammad Farid ◽  
Eko Swistoro
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Discovery Learning ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT [Relationship between Groundwater Surface Depth with Salinity at the Coast of New Kungkai Beach and its Implementation on Discovery Learning Model]. The aims of this study were 1) to describe the relationship between groundwater surface depth with salinity in the coastal areas of new kungkai beach of Seluma, and 2) to determine the improvement of learning outcomes (cognitive) of high ability students, moderate and low by using discovery learning model on the concept of static fluid in class X computer and network engineering at SMK Negeri 3 Seluma. This research was a quasi experimental research with one groups pretest-posttest design. The results showed: 1) The relationship between depth with salinity has a value of 0.6478 with a significance level of 0.001 (<0.05); 2) Learning with discovery learning model can improve student learning outcomes on cognitive aspects (knowledge). Increased cognitive results can be seen from the average value of the initial test, the final test and the average value of gain in the class x Tkj is high-ability groups are at high criteria with a value of 0.75 gain in the group is in the criteria medium with the value of gain 0,52 and in the low group were in moderate criteria with a gain value of 0.44. There is a difference in learning outcomes between the high, medium and low groups. The difference is shown by Fcount > Ftable (4.04 > 3.35) with a significance level of 5%. Keywords: Groundwater surface depth; salinity; discovery learning model; SMKN 3 Seluma.

scholarly journals Analysis and Development of Seawater Density Measurement Algorithms Using Arduino Uno and YL-69 Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-956
Author(s):  
Miftahul Walid ◽  
Hozairi ◽  
Madukil Makruf
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Error Level ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values

In this research, an analysis was carried out to develop a measuring instrument for seawater density in salt production using a microcontroller (Arduino Uno) and YL-69 sensor, this sensor was commonly used to measure soil moisture. The experimental method was used in this research to produce initial data in the form of resistance and seawater density values, then calculations are carried out using statistical methods to find equations and produce a constant variable that connects the resistance and seawater density values. The equation was used to compile the algorithm into Arduino Uno. As for the results of this research,  From six experiments conducted, two experiments produced the same sea water density value between the actual and the predicted, namely the 2nd and 5th experiments, while for other experiments there was a difference between the actual and predicted values, however, it was not too significant, the difference occurs between the value range 0 ~ 1, to determine the level of error, use the Mean Square Error (MSE) with an error level of = 0.5 and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) with an error level of = 0.6. The contribution of this research is an algorithm that can predict the density value (baume) based on the resistance value obtained from the YL 69 sensor.

A New High Resolution Measurement Technology of D Flip-Flop Output Signals for Measuring Frequency Difference

2013 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. 568-571
Author(s):  
Jin Feng Dong ◽  
Wei Yu Zhang ◽  
Hua Liu Liu ◽  
Yong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Error ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Clock Period ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Resolution Measurement ◽  
Measuring Frequency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quartz Crystal Resonators ◽  
The Relationship

The output periods of D flip-flop mixer are variable though the periods of two input frequencies are invariable. To measure the output frequency, the conventional method is to calculate the average value of the output periods and the maximum possible absolute error is a clock period. The variation of the output periods has its own pattern of arrangement and it can provide valuable information. Measuring accuracy can be significantly improved by taking into account all the details of output periods changes. A mathematical model that describes the relationship between the input square waves and the output square waves was developed and the difference of two input frequencies can be estimated by the solution of the model. The new method is quite suitable for measuring small frequency increments of quartz crystal resonators.

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