scholarly journals INVESTIGATING FOR 3D TURKEY CADASTRE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
M. Alkan ◽  
H. G. Sürmeneli
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Data Models ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
3D Cadastre ◽  
The World ◽  
Cadastral Systems

Abstract. Nowadays, a very active research area is the 3D cadastre concept. In relation, 3D Cadastre is an essential component used in a land management system which is to manage and represent layered rights digitally, restrictions, responsibilities (legal models), buildings, public services and corresponding physical models (above or below the floor surface in 3D). The 3D Cadastre has a lot of capable of collecting, storing, organising, querying, analysing and visualising very intricate details within specific standards for all over the worlds. Besides, now in Turkey, 3D cadastre is to be designing and developing with academic studies. The cadastral concept was developed for the 3D Cadastral in the early 2000s from studies related to the world countries. The first workshop was held in 2001; the second workshop was held in 2011 and 2012 in the third. Temporarily, many theoretical and practical developments have emerged in these workshops. However, no 3D cadastre is currently being performed anywhere in the world (Oosterom et al., 2011). There are several reasons why successful implementation of 3D cadastre is legal, institutional and technical. These reasons can be listed as the necessary legal documents, missing data models, lack of technology and data format deficiencies. The 3D cadastre scope should be defined as ideal in legal and institutional systems for all of the cadastral systems. While waiting for these formalities, the development of a data model for 3D cadastre is a useful method to clarify the scope of 3D cadastre. A 3D cadastral data model is the most important for the introduction of standards (INSPIRE, OGC, LADM) and a common language within the user communities of the Land Administration. In this context, some countries (Netherlands, Australia) have developed cadastral data models (ePlan, Legal Property Object Model, LADM, 3D Cadastral Data Model) to improve their cadastral systems. Although cadastral data models differ between countries, 2D is based on the basic building block of a land parcel. The existing cadastral data models were developed based on the definition of a 2D land parcel for many countries. Besides land tenure recording system with related 2D cadastral systems also. In line with the developed models, Netherlands, Australia, Croatia and Israel improved their existing cadastral systems and carried out studies in the scope of 3D cadastre. In Turkey, the 3D cadastre scope is still working for an academic site. In this study, the first section comprises of the investigation for 3D cadastral systems. Turkey studies and cadastral systems will be discussed in section 2. The scope and principles of 3D cadastre are discussed for Turkey with section 3. Moreover, the obstacles to the implementation of 3D cadastre and international standards developed within the scope of 3D cadastre are discussed and also data models developed for Turkey cadastral system with related international standards (Land Administration Domain Model, INSPIRE and ISO) in section 4. Also, finally, discussion and results were assessed in this paper.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF 3D MARINE CADASTRE DATA MODEL BASED ON LAND ADMINISTRATION DOMAIN MODEL

2022 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W3-2021 ◽  
pp. 337-345
Author(s):  
A. Zamzuri ◽  
I. Hassan ◽  
A. Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Modelling Language ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Marine Data ◽  
Simple Query ◽  
Further Development

Abstract. A new version of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) has been discussed and is under further development in ISO/TC 211 on Geographic Information. One of the extending parts is where the model can accommodate complex and advanced marine properties and cadastral objects. Currently, the fundamentals part of this new version (LADM Edition II) has been examined by the committee, and a few elements need to be considered, especially for marine space georegulation. Based on the possibility of embedding LADM with marine cadastre as agreed by several researchers, the concept of marine cadastre data model within land administration context has been anticipated in many countries (e.g., Canada, Greece, Turkey, Australia, and Malaysia). Part of the research focused on constructing and developing the appropriate data models to manage marine spaces and resources most effectively. Several studies have attempted to establish a conceptual model for marine cadastre in Malaysia. However, there is still no acceptable marine data model. Thus, this paper proposed a marine data model for Malaysia based on the international standard, LADM. The approach, by definition, can be applied to the marine environment in terms of controlling and modelling a variety of rights, responsibilities, and restrictions. The Unified Modelling Language (UML) application was utilized to construct the conceptual and technical models via Enterprise Architect as part of the validation process. The data model was constructed within the marine's concept in Malaysia to meet international standards. The features of the data model were also discussed in the FIG workshop (9th LADM International Workshop 2021). The experiment on the data model also includes 3D visualization and simple query.

scholarly journals TOWARDS INTEGRATION OF LADM AND CITYGML FOR THE CADASTRAL SYSTEM OF TURKEY

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2020 ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Surmeneli ◽  
M. N. Koeva ◽  
J. A. Zevenbergen ◽  
M. Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Data ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
3D Cadastre ◽  
Domain Extension ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Cadastral System ◽  
Land Transactions

Abstract. With the rapid urbanization and the dynamics in land transactions, Turkish cadastre, as in many other countries, is facing challenges in the daily recording of sales, donations, taxations, and mortgages on land. Especially with the modern constructions and complex interrelationships of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRR), the third dimension should not be forgotten. In this context, the design of a new cadastre data model for Turkey is essential. Inspired by this need, with this study, we aim in proposing a new cadastre model based on international standards such as Land Administration Data Model (LADM) and CityGML. LADM represents the legal and administrative aspects of the cadastral objects but does not show the semantic and 3D geometrical representation of physical cadastral objects which are required for the process of 3D cadastre. Therefore, in the paper, we propose an Application Domain Extension (ADE) for the cadastral objects that expands the integration of LADM and CityGML data model with the legal and administrative concepts defined in the Turkish Law. The study presents a detailed overview of the Turkish legal cadastre system and a proposal for its physical realization based on international standards. In addition, the developed ADE is also valuable for cadastral services undertaken by the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (GDLRC). It could also be used as a basis of a 3D national data standard for cadastral information systems.

scholarly journals Urban Cadastral Situation in Ecuador: Analysis to Determine the Degree of Proximity of the Cadastral Systems to the 3D Cadastral Model

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Velastegui-Cáceres ◽  
Víctor M. Rodríguez-Espinosa ◽  
Oswaldo Padilla-Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Domain Model ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
3D Cadastre ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cadastral Systems

As 3D cadastres offer advantages in several areas by providing information with greater accuracy and a high level of detail, a diagnosis of the cadastral situation is required prior to the implementation of a 3D cadastral model. Therefore, this study focuses on diagnosing the urban cadastral situation in Ecuador based on an analysis of eight cantonal decentralized autonomous governments that were selected primarily for the availability of their cadastral information. The twelve characteristics included in the analysis supported the definition of a cadastral development scale based on the fulfillment of each characteristic. The official cadastral databases, meetings, and interviews with personnel related to the cadastres were used in the analysis to gain in-depth knowledge of the situation in each canton. The findings demonstrated that most cantons had similar characteristics and are at an intermediate level of cadastral development. Therefore, there is the need for cantons to have standardized cadastral information in accordance with national and international regulations. Thus, in this research, we developed an initial Ecuadorian land administration domain model country profile to initiate the transition towards 3D cadastre.

scholarly journals Standardization supporting future smart cities – a case of BIM/GIS and 3D cadastre

GeoScape ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Karel Janečka
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
International Standards ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
3D Cadastre

Abstract The aim of the paper is to give an overview of selected ongoing ISO standardization activities in the domain of geographic information dealing with BIM/GIS and 3D cadastre. The presented international standards have also a close relation to the activities (e.g. 3D spatial planning) from which the smart cities could benefit. In particular, in this paper the ISO 19152 Geographic information – Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standard and ISO 19166 Geographic information – BIM to GIS conceptual mapping (B2GM) standard (still under development) are emphasized. Both mentioned standards are also strongly interrelated with each other. The ISO 19152 standard supports the smart registration of real estates by providing a conceptual schema incorporating 3D parcels, i.e. the 3D cadastre. 3D cadastre can provide the accurate, authoritative and unambiguous foundation for understanding the urban form. The second version of the ISO 19152 is also going to be extended to manage the spatial planning information. This enables 3D spatial planning in connection with the legal information, which is all together of big importance for building the smart cities. Furthermore, the ISO 19166 standard is going to provide a conceptual framework for transformation of BIM into GIS (at various level of details) and vice versa. This enables a wider use of existing detailed and semantically rich 3D digital BIM data in building of the 3D cadastre and smart cities GIS projects. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • There are currently two running projects within International Organization for Standardization (ISO) from which the smart city should benefit – the international standard ISO 19166 BIM2GIS and ISO TR 23262 GIS (geospatial) / BIM interoperability. • There is an existing international standard ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) supporting the creation of the 3D cadastre. • The second version of the international standard ISO 19152, which is now under development, will bring a support for spatial planning and also the examples of technical encodings of LADM in BIM/IFC and CityGML.

scholarly journals GEOSPATIAL DATABASE FOR STRATA OBJECTS BASED ON LAND ADMINISTRATION DOMAIN MODEL (LADM)

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W1 ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
N. N. Nasorudin ◽  
M. I. Hassan ◽  
N. A. Zulkifli ◽  
A. Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Database Design ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Physical Database Design ◽  
Geospatial Database ◽  
2D And 3D

Recently in our country, the construction of buildings become more complex and it seems that strata objects database becomes more important in registering the real world as people now own and use multilevel of spaces. Furthermore, strata title was increasingly important and need to be well-managed. LADM is a standard model for land administration and it allows integrated 2D and 3D representation of spatial units. LADM also known as ISO 19152. The aim of this paper is to develop a strata objects database using LADM. This paper discusses the current 2D geospatial database and needs for 3D geospatial database in future. This paper also attempts to develop a strata objects database using a standard data model (LADM) and to analyze the developed strata objects database using LADM data model. The current cadastre system in Malaysia includes the strata title is discussed in this paper. The problems in the 2D geospatial database were listed and the needs for 3D geospatial database in future also is discussed. The processes to design a strata objects database are conceptual, logical and physical database design. The strata objects database will allow us to find the information on both non-spatial and spatial strata title information thus shows the location of the strata unit. This development of strata objects database may help to handle the strata title and information.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF TURKEY-MALAYSIA LADM COUNTRY PROFILE FOR 3D CADASTRE PURPOSES

2022 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W3-2021 ◽  
pp. 329-335
Author(s):  
H. G. Sürmeneli ◽  
M. Alkan ◽  
A. Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
3D Cadastre ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cadastral System ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract. This paper summarises the comparison of Turkish and Malaysian cadastral registration systems based on the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM, ISO 2012) associated with 2D and 3D cadastral situations. Literature review shows that many countries propose their profile based on the LADM, such as The Netherlands, Australia/ Queensland, China, Greece and others. Turkey and Malaysia are some of the potential candidates for the LADM based country profile, as described in this paper. The study presents a detailed overview of the Turkish and Malaysian cadastral system, and LADM-based country profiles developed by the two countries are compared thanks to the common ontology offered by LADM.

scholarly journals Proposed changes to the CROTIS topographic model for the basic package and the object entity of hydrography

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Ivan Landek ◽  
Saša Cvitković ◽  
Milan Rezo
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Data Models ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Topographic Information ◽  
Topographic Model ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Insight Into

In 1992, the State Geodetic Administration started with the development of cartography in the Republic of Croatia. After making a certain number of studies, STOKIS (the Official Topographic-Cartographic Information System) was defined. Topographic and cartographic data models were then defined by STOKIS. According to the STOKIS guidelines, the Croatian topographic information system (CROTIS) was developed as a data model and on the basis of CROTIS, the Basic Topographic Database (TTB) was established. One thematic entity contained in CROTIS 2.0, and whose data is often used, is the object entity of Hydrography. This article will provide an insight into the need to expand/correct the TTB data model in relation to the underlying basic package and the object entity of Hydrography, all in line with international standards and the INSPIRE directive.

scholarly journals LADM AND INTERLIS AS A PERFECT MATCH FOR 3D CADASTRE

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W7 ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kalogianni ◽  
E. Dimopoulou ◽  
W. Quak ◽  
P. Van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
3D Cadastre ◽  
Object Relational

Standardization in land administration domain has been expanded to 3D and even 4D representations, adopting a multipurpose character, in order to become the foundation of a sustainable and smart economic development. At the moment, although the potential benefits of 3D Cadastre is argued to be enormous and there are plenty of standards related to 3D Cadastre while others enhancing the role of 3D Cities, there is no complete solution for 3D Cadastre. That being so, the last years, there has been a rapid increase in the integration, harmonization and implementation support of such standards. In this context, the integration of 3D legal spaces with 3D physical objects is gaining ground, as the (invisible) legal boundaries do not always match with the physical counterparts, leading to obscure situations. LADM, the International Standard for land administration, was proved to be one of the best candidates to unambiguously represent 3D Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities. On the other side, spatial data models and virtual city models manage 3D urban structures without focusing on legal aspects. Many researchers have explored integrations between those aspects giving promising results. In this direction, apart from international standards, also national standards have been developed to enable the communication between land information systems. One of the most representatives is INTERLIS, a Swiss standard, a precise, standardized Object Relational modelling language on the conceptual level, which allows for automated quality control. Thus, in this paper the focus is given on how INTERLIS and LADM complement each other in the actual implementation of land administration systems. Main challenges among others in the context of this research include: 1. extensible hierarchical and versioned code lists in INTERLIS models, 2. formally define LADM constraints in INTERLIS, 3. discuss 3D geometry types and 4. introduce a holistic LADM/INTERLIS approach for country profiles.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN LADM-BASED EXTERNAL DATA MODEL FOR LAND REGISTRY AND CADASTRE TRANSACTIONS IN TURKEY: A CASE STUDY OF TREASURY REAL PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Alkan ◽  
Elif Taş Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
External Data ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
External Model ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Standard Structure ◽  
Automation Project

Abstract: The processes starting with the identification and registration of treasury properties have an essential place in the cadastral systems. Spatial data modelling studies were conducted in 2002 to establish a common standard structure on the fundamental similarities of land management systems. These studies were stated as a beginning named Core Cadastral Domain Model (CCDM), since 2006, it has been started to be made under the name of LADM. This model was accepted in 2012 as a standard model in the field of land administration by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In this study, an external model class is proposed for LADM’s transactions related to Treasury’s real estates properties which are related National Property Automation Project (MEOP). In order to determine the deficiency of this current external model, databases containing records related to spatial data and property rights were examined, and the deficiencies related to transactions on treasury properties were determined. The created external class is associated with the LADM’s LA_Party, LA_RRR, LA_SpatialUnit and LA_BAUnit master classes. Herewith the standardization of the external data model is ensured. If the external model is implemented by the responsible standardization of the archiving processes will be more comfortable and faster to register.

The Cadastral and Land Information Systems for an Effective Land Governance

2019 ◽  
pp. 215-232
Author(s):  
Abdeslam Moulay Adad
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
3D Cadastre ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cadastral System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cadastral Systems

The cadastral system as a civilian register of a property has a fundamental role in every society because it ensures the relationship between the land and the humankind. This relationship is evident in the form of property rights and established in many different manners from the full control, through communal forms of tenure, to the individual property rights. This chapter has the aim to deal with the nature and categories of the existing cadastral systems. It will highlight the new approaches and visions to establish cadastral systems that will meet the requirements of re-engineering the framework of land development projects. An overview of the state of the art of the modern concepts of cadastral systems will be provided such as Cadastre 2014, 3D Cadastre, and Marine Cadastre. The goal behind this approach is to enable decision makers to have an idea on the existing paradigms of land administration and to master the relationships between humankind and land, infrastructures and business systems, and between the human being and technological issues.

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