Concurrent Brucellosis and Q Fever Infection: a Case Control Study in Bamyan Province, Afghanistan

Background: More than 500,000 people are affected by brucellosis each year while the incidence of Q fever is poorly recorded. Consistent outbreaks of brucellosis have been reported in Afghanistan, affecting social and economic life. This study aimed to determine the means of propagation of brucellosis and Q-fever and establish appropriate control measures for both.Methods and Materials: An outbreak of 1,317 cases of brucellosis and Q fever was investigated from May 2011 to the end of 2012 in Bamyan province of Afghanistan.A total of 100 cases were selected by random sampling with equal number of neighbor controls. Data were collected through structured questionnaire.Results: The average age was 30 years ±14 years. Of those sampled, 62% were female, 38% were male, and resided in three districts: Punjab, Yakawlang and Waras. Using multivariate analysis, being a housewife (OR=7.36), being within proximity of kitchens to barns (OR= 2.98), drinking un-boiled milk (OR= 5.26), butchering (OR= 3.53) and purchasing new animals in the last six months (OR= 3.53) were significantly associated with contraction of brucellosis and Q fever.Conclusion: Health educators should focus on families dealing with animals, especially on females. Pasturing, healthy milking, dunging, and slaughtering practices, along with use of safe dairy products should be the focus of preventive measures.

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Malaria Outbreak Facilitated by Appearance of Vector-Breeding Sites after Heavy Rainfall and Inadequate Preventive Measures: Nwoya District, Northern Uganda, February–May 2018

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/5802401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Godfrey Nsereko ◽

Daniel Kadobera ◽

Denis Okethwangu ◽

Joyce Nguna ◽

Damian Rutazaana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Entire Study ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Control Study

Background. Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. In April 2018, malaria cases surged in Nwoya District, Northern Uganda, exceeding expected limits and thereby requiring epidemic response. We investigated this outbreak to estimate its magnitude, identify exposure factors for transmission, and recommend evidence-based control measures. Methods. We defined a malaria case as onset of fever in a resident of Anaka subcounty, Koch Goma subcounty, and Nwoya Town Council, Nwoya District, with a positive rapid diagnostic test or microscopy for malaria from 1 February to 25 May 2018. We reviewed medical records in all health facilities of affected subcounties to find cases. In a case-control study, we compared exposure factors between case-persons and asymptomatic controls matched by age and village. We also conducted entomological assessments on vector density and behavior. Results. We identified 3,879 case-persons (attack rate [AR] = 6.5%) and two deaths (case-fatality rate = 5.2/10,000). Females (AR = 8.1%) were more affected than males (AR = 4.7%) (p<0.0001). Of all age groups, 5–18 years (AR = 8.4%) were most affected. Heavy rain started in early March 2018, and a propagated outbreak followed in the first week of April 2018. In the case-control study, 55% (59/107) of case-persons and 18% (19/107) of controls had stagnant water around households for several days following rainfall (ORM-H = 5.6, 95% CI = 3.0–11); 25% (27/107) of case-persons and 51% (55/107) of controls wore full extremity covering clothes during evening hours (ORM-H = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.20–0.60); 71% (76/107) of case-persons and 85% (91/107) of controls slept under a long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) 14 days before symptom onset (ORM-H = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22–0.85); 37% (40/107) of case-persons and 52% (56/107) of controls had access to at least one LLIN per 2 household members (ORM-H = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.30–0.97). Entomological assessment indicated active breeding sites in the entire study area; Anopheles gambiae sensu lato species were the predominant vector. Conclusion. Increased vector-breeding sites after heavy rainfall and inadequate malaria preventive measures were found to have contributed to this outbreak. We recommended increasing coverage for LLINs and larviciding breeding sites in the area.

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Malaria Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Living in Areas With Persisting Transmission in Senegal: a Case Control Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-810164/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

FASSIATOU OLUWATOSIN TAIROU ◽

Abdoulaye Diallo ◽

Ousmane Sy ◽

Aminatou Kone ◽

Isaac Akhenaton Manga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malaria Transmission ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Clinical Malaria ◽

Case Control ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Malaria Episode ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: In Senegal, malaria morbidity has shapely felt down over these past years. However, malaria epidemiology remains heterogeneous with persisting transmission in the southeastern part of the country and more important number of cases arising among older children and adolescents. Little is known about factors associated with clinical malaria among this group. A better understanding of malaria transmission among this new vulnerable group will guide future interventions targeting these key populations. This study aimed to identify factors associated with clinical malaria among adolescents in Senegal. Methods: A case control study was conducted from November to December 2020 in four health posts located in Saraya district. Cases were defined as adolescents (10-19 years) with uncomplicated malaria episode with fever (Temperature>37.5°) or history of fever and a positive malaria RDT. Controls were from the same age group, living in the neighborhood of the case, presenting a negative RDT. A standardized, pre-tested questionnaire was administered to each participant followed by home visit to assess participant’s living conditions. Factors associated with clinical malaria was assessed using a Stepwise Logistic regression analysis.Results: In total, 492 individuals were recruited (246 cases and 246 controls). In a multivariate analysis, factors associated with clinical malaria included non-use of bed net (aOR=2.65; 95% CI =1.58 - 4.45), non-use of other preventive measures (aOR=2.51; 95% CI=1.53 - 4.11) and indoor sleeping (aOR=3.22; 95%CI =1.66- 6.23). Protective factors included age of 15-19 years (aOR=0.38; 95% CI 0.23 - 0.62), absence of stagnant water around the house (aOR=0.27; 95% CI=0.16 - 0.44), having a female as head of household (aOR=0.47; 95% CI=0.25 - 0.90), occupation such as apprentice (OR=0.24; 95%CI=0.11 - 0.52).Conclusions: The study revealed that environmental factors and non-use of malaria preventive measures are the main determinant of malaria transmission among adolescents living in areas with persisting malaria transmission in Senegal. Strategies aiming at improving disease awareness and access to health care interventions such as LLIN are thus needed to improve malaria control and prevention among these vulnerable groups.

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Diet and prostate cancer risk with specific focus on dairy products and dietary calcium: A case-control study

The Prostate ◽

10.1002/pros.21139 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 1054-1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Sara Raimondi ◽

Jihène Ben Mabrouk ◽

Bryna Shatenstein ◽

Patrick Maisonneuve ◽

Parviz Ghadirian

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Case Control ◽

Specific Focus ◽

Control Study

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Determinant factors for the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral treatment among adult patients living with HIV at Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020. A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248490

Author(s):

Mehd Abdu ◽

Yeshimebet Ali ◽

Samuel Anteneh ◽

Mohammed Yesuf ◽

Adane Birhanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Opportunistic Infection ◽

Study Design ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Dessie Referral Hospital ◽

Control Study

Introduction Globally, tuberculosis takes the first rank for the ill-health of people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite the favorable outcome of antiretroviral therapy, the risk of tuberculosis remains higher among HIV patients. This obliges to identify factors for its occurrence and further prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis. There is a contradiction between different studies and studies conducted in Ethiopia studied poorly the association between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral load with tuberculosis. Studies conducted in the study area were limited to cross-sectional study design. Therefore, this study claimed to identify factors determining the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Methods This study was conducted at Dessie Referral Hospital by using a case-control study design on a sample of 565 with a control: case ratio of 3:1. Participants from controls were selected by systematic random sampling and from cases by consecutive random sampling. The data were collected by interviewing through structured questionnaires and from the medical record. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of ≤0.05 were anticipated as independent determinant factors. Result Patients without separate kitchen (AOR: 3.547, 95% CI: 2.137, 5.888), having opportunistic infection (AOR: 3.728, 95% CI: 2.058, 6.753), CD4 count of <350 cells/mm3 (AOR: 3.383, 95% CI: 1.520, 7.528), baseline WHO stage III (AOR: 3.321, 95% CI: 1.688, 6.534) or IV (AOR: 2.900, 95% CI: 1.251, 6.722), don’t taking IPT (AOR: 3.701, 95% CI: 2.228, 6.147) and those who were poorly adherent (AOR: 2.626, 95% CI: 1.272, 5.423) or moderately adherent (AOR: 3.455, 95% CI: 1.885, 6.335) to anti-retroviral therapy were more likely to develop tuberculosis after anti-retroviral therapy initiation. Conclusion Poor housing conditions, having an opportunistic infection, low CD4 count, starting ART at the advanced HIV stage, don’t take IPT, and being poorly adherent to antiretroviral therapy were associated with the occurrence of TB after initiation of ART. The institution should screen for TB as early as possible and strictly follow their drug adherence.

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Hubungan Riwayat Cidera Lutut Terhadap Pasien Yang Berpotensi Osteoarthritis Lutut Di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang

Jurnal Fisioterapi dan Rehabilitasi ◽

10.33660/jfrwhs.v3i1.31 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 20-29

Author(s):

Safun Rahmanto ◽

Khaiyatul Aisyah

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Case Control ◽

Chi Square ◽

Ligament Sprain ◽

Control Study

ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Osteoartritis merupakan salah satu penyakit degenerative yang ditandai dengan hilangnya tulang rawan articular dan terjadi peradangan sinovial yang menyebabkan kekakuan sendi, nyeri dan kehilangan mobilitas sendi. Ada banyak faktor risiko osteoarthritis lutut, salah satunya adalah riwayat cidera lutut. Cidera lutut menurunkan kestabilan sendi lutut pada bantalan beban tubuh. Cidera lutut meningkatkan risiko osteoarthritis pada area kontak tibiofemoral dan tekanan pada cidera meniscal, sehingga menyebabkan unstabil sendi berupa ligament sprain dan lesi pada chondral atau dengan mengganggu sistem neuromuskular. Individu dengan riwayat trauma sendi 3-6 kali lebih berpotensi terjadinya osteoarthritis lutut. Dalam 5 tahun cedera, lutut mengalami perubahan struktural seperti, perubahan komposisi tulang rawan, dan perubahan pada struktur ulang. Tujuan Penelitian : Menganalisis hubungan antara riwayat cidera lutut terhadap pasien yang berpotensi osteoarthritis lutut di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang. etode Penelitian : Desain penelitian menggunakan Case Control Study dengan jumlah sampel 120 responden di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang yang diambil dengan metode Simple Random Sampling. Pengambilan data untuk mengetahui riwayat cidera lutut dinilai dengan kuesioner OA Risk C dan wawancara mendalam. Potensi adanya osteoarthritis lutut dinilai menggunakan pemeriksaan fisik, skala jette dan data sekunder dari Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang. Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan uji Chi-Square terhadap Riwayat cidera lutut dikaitkan dengan osteoarthritis lutut dalam penelitian ini didapatkan nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari alpha 5% (0,00 < 0,05) dengan Odds Ratio [OR= 5,82 (95% CI 2,54-13,35)]. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat cidera lutut terhadap pasien yang berpotensi osteoarthritis lutut di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang dan orang yang memiliki riwayat cidera lutut berpeluang 5 kali lebih besar menderita osteoarthritis lutut daripada orang yang tidak memiliki riwayat cidera lutut.

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FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT REMATIK DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS WUNA KECAMATAN BARANGKA KABUPATEN MUNA BARAT TAHUN 2019

(Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat) ◽

10.37887/jimkesmas.v5i2.12907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Siti Silafati ◽

Yasnani Yasnani ◽

Renni Meliahsari

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Chi Square ◽

Control Study

Rematik merupakan kelompok penyakit heterogen sebagai akibat deposisi kristal monosodium urat (MSU)pada jaringan atau akibat supersaturasi asam urat di dalam cairan ekstraseluler merupakan pemicu utamaterjadinya peradangan atau inflamasi kejadian rematik. Penyakit rematik ini merupakan salah satu penyakityang sering ditemukan dan tersebar di seluruh dunia. Data Puskesmas Wuna menunjukkan jumlah kasuspenyakit rematiki tergolong cukup tinggi. Pada tahun 2016 yaitu 364 kasus (30,46%), tahun 2017 yaitu 382kasus (31,97%), dan pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 449 kasus (37,57%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit rematik di wilayah kerja PuskesmasWuna Kecamatan Barangka Kabupaten Muna Barat Tahun 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalahmetode penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan case control study. Populasi adalah semua pasien rematiktercatat pada rekam medik di Puskesmas Wuna selama Bulan Mei hingga Oktober tahun 2019 sebanyak 204 pasien dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 116 responden terdiri dari 58 sebagai sampel kasus dan 58 sebagai sampel kontrol yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Data dianalisis secaraunivariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antaraaktivitas fisik (p=0,000 dan nilai OR=5.884) dengan kejadian penyakit rematik. Tidak terdapat hubungan antaraasupan purin (p=0.155 dan OR=1.989.) dan IMT (p= 0.565 dan OR=0.820) dengan kejadian penyakit rematik.Kata Kunci : Penyakit Rematik, Asupan Purin, Aktivitas Fisik, IMT.

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Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection: an all-Ireland case-control study

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.14.07.19123-en ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

Author(s):

K Danis ◽

M Di Renzi ◽

W O’Neill ◽

B Smyth ◽

P McKeown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Attributable Fraction ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Safety Education ◽

First Case ◽

The Republic ◽

Campylobacter Infection ◽

Control Study

We report the findings of the first case-control study conducted in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland to determine risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infections. A total of 197 cases and 296 case-nominated controls matched for age, were included. Based on Population Attributable Fraction (PAF), the most important risk factors were consuming chicken [adjusted matched (am) OR 6.8; 95%CI 2.1-21.9], consuming lettuce (amOR 3.3; 95%CI 1.5-7.1) and eating in takeaways (amOR=3.1; 95%CI 1.4-6.6). Contact with sheep (amOR=11; 95%CI 1.6-78), peptic ulcer (amOR=19; 95%CI 3.8-93.7), hiatus hernia (amOR=20.3; 95%CI 2.3-183.3), lower bowel problems (amOR=4.5; 95%CI 1.2-16.8) were also independently associated with infection. Mains water supply showed protective effect (amOR=0.2; 95 CI 0.1-0.9). The findings highlight the continued need for consumer food safety education and further control measures throughout the food chain on the island of Ireland.

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Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and colorectal carcinogenesis: a French case - control study

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/bjc.1996.330 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

M-C Boutron ◽

J Faivre ◽

P Marteau ◽

C Couillault ◽

P Senesse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽

French Case ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Control Study

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Effect of dairy products intake on breast cancer risk: A case-control study in Algeria

Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme ◽

10.1016/j.nupar.2018.04.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 187-194

Author(s):

Djamil Maliou ◽

Dounia Belmadi ◽

Wissem Saadi ◽

Hassen Mahfouf ◽

Noureddine Benzidane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Outbreak ofTsukamurellaSpecies Bloodstream Infection among Patients at an Oncology Clinic, West Virginia, 2011–2012

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/675282 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 300-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Isaac See ◽

Duc B. Nguyen ◽

Somu Chatterjee ◽

Thein Shwe ◽

Melissa Scott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infection Control ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Multiple Infection ◽

Common Source ◽

Control Study

Objective.To determine the source and identify control measures of an outbreak ofTsukamurellaspecies bloodstream infections at an outpatient oncology facility.Design.Epidemiologic investigation of the outbreak with a case-control study.Methods.A case was an infection in whichTsukamurellaspecies was isolated from a blood or catheter tip culture during the period January 2011 through June 2012 from a patient of the oncology clinic. Laboratory records of area hospitals and patient charts were reviewed. A case-control study was conducted among clinic patients to identify risk factors forTsukamurellaspecies bloodstream infection. Clinic staff were interviewed, and infection control practices were assessed.Results.Fifteen cases ofTsukamurella (Tsukamurella pulmonisorTsukamurella tyrosinosolvens) bloodstream infection were identified, all in patients with underlying malignancy and indwelling central lines. The median age of case patients was 68 years; 47% were male. The only significant risk factor for infection was receipt of saline flush from the clinic during the period September–October 2011 (P= .03), when the clinic had been preparing saline flush from a common-source bag of saline. Other infection control deficiencies that were identified at the clinic included suboptimal procedures for central line access and preparation of chemotherapy.Conclusion.Although multiple infection control lapses were identified, the outbreak was likely caused by improper preparation of saline flush syringes by the clinic. The outbreak demonstrates that bloodstream infections among oncology patients can result from improper infection control practices and highlights the critical need for increased attention to and oversight of infection control in outpatient oncology settings.

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