Source effects and cause involvement in prosocial online crowdfunding: A collective action perspective

First Monday ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmie Nekmat ◽  
Hong Wen Ng
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Source Effects ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Cause Involvement ◽  
Personal Source ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Group Post

This study investigates individual motivations to contribute to charitable crowdfunding campaigns from the collective action perspective. A three-group post-test with control experiment (personal source: close friends, family v. impersonal: organizational source v. control: no known source) accounting for individual predispositions (cause involvement, altruism, attitude toward crowdfunding, prior experience) was done. No significant effect of source personalness was found. Instead, a main effect on likelihood to donate to a charitable crowdfunding campaign depends on whether there was a source or not to begin with — with no known source being less influential than a personal and an impersonal source. Post-hoc analysis revealed a moderation effect of cause involvement to motivate greater donation likelihood when the source is perceived to be more personal. Theoretical implications for future research and practical suggestions for prosocial online crowdfunding for charitable purposes are discussed.

scholarly journals Tepung ulat sagu (Rhyinchophorus ferrugineus) imunomodulator Nitric Oxide (NO) sirkulasi mencit terapi antimalaria standar

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Ariani Ariani ◽  
Gemala Anjani ◽  
Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro ◽  
Kis Djamiatun
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Antimalarial Therapy ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Group Post ◽  
One Way Anova

Background : Sago worm flour (Rhyinchophorus ferrugineus)is a coconut beetle larvae that is processed into flour.This flour contains antioxidants as well as arginine, both of which play a role in modulating oxidative stress including NO involved in immunopathology of cerebral malaria.Objectives : To prove the immunomodulator role of sago worm flour in decreasing circulation  NO level at mice  who received standard antimalarial therapy  Dihydroartemisinin Piperaquine (DHP)Methods : This study was randomized control group post test only design by using 23 Swiss mice which divided into 5 group consist of : K(-) normal mice; K(+) inoculated woth Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA); X1 received DHP; X2 received sago worm flour; X3 received both of sago worm flour and DHP. All treatment groups X1,X2 and X3 were inoculated by PbA before treatmen were given. Serum circulation NO level was assessed by ELISA. statistical analysis used was One Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test.Results : The mean  NO level in K(-), K(+), X1, X2, and X3 were 1.008 μmol/mL, K(+) 1.338 μmol/mL; while at treatment X1 1.143 μmol/mL, X2 1.410 μmol/mL, dan X3 0.886 μmol/mL. One way ANOVA showed that they were significantly different (p=0.001). Bonferroni post hoc test of X2 was  proportional to K(+) (p=1.000), whole had NO level lower than either K(+)(p=0.009) or X2 (p=0.002). Conclusion : The immunomodulatory effects of sago worm flour (Rhyinchophorus ferrugineus) reduced circulating NO levels in standard antimalarial therapy recipients.

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Terong Ungu terhadap Perlemakan Hati Tikus Wistar

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Dian Luthfiana Sufyan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Group Post ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRACT Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is an infiltration of fat inside hepatocytes until exceeding 5% of the liver weight. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) contain high anthocyanin level, (8 - 85 mg per 100 gram edible portion) and pectin fiber. This study was aimed to determine the effect of eggplant juice to the fatty liver of Rattus novergicus strain Wistar that were given atherogenic diet. This study using control group post test design performed in wistar rat that placed in pharmacologic laboratory of Brawijaya University. Sampling was carried out by completely random sampling with 30 rats for total sample. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 16. Statictical test using one way ANOVA and post hoc tukey. The results showed there was significant correlation between dosage I (1,3 gr/3 ml), dosage II (2,6 gr/3 ml) and dosage III (5,2 gr/3 ml) of eggplant juice to fatty liver (p<0,001). Food intake of rat influenced the number of fatty liver cells. This reasearch conclusion is eggplant juice has effect to white rat fatty liver. Based on this study, it was recommended to consume eggplant as anthocyanin and pectin source to reduce fatty liver that induced by atherogenic diet. Key words: NAFLD, atherogenic diet, eggplant, anthocyanin, pectin   Perlemakan hati non alkohol adalah suatu infiltrasi dari lemak, terutama trigliserida di dalam hepatosit atau sel-sel hati hingga lebih dari 5% berat organ hati. Terong ungu (Solanum melongena L.) merupakan tanaman sayur yang mengandung pigmen antosianin cukup tinggi yakni 8 – 85 mg per 100 gram nya serta serat pektin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek jus terong ungu terhadap perlemakan hati tikus wistar yang diberi diet aterogenik. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan metode Control Group Post Test Design bertempat di laboratorium farmakologi FKUB. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan jumlah sampel total sebanyak 30 tikus putih. Data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 16. Uji statistik menggunakan one way ANOVA dilanjutkan Post Hoc Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara dosis I (1,3 gr/3 ml), dosis II (2,6 gr/3 ml) dan dosis III (5,2 gr/3 ml) jus terong ungu terhadap perlemakan hati (p<0,001). Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa jus terong ungu memiliki efek terhadap perlemakan hati tikus putih. Dari penelitian ini, disarankan konsumsi terong ungu sebagai sumber antosianin dan pektin untuk menurunkan perlemakan hati yang dipicu oleh faktor diet aterogenik. Kata kunci:perlemakan hati non alkohol, diet aterogenik, terong ungu, antosianin, pektin

Examination of the relationship between lapses and weight loss in a smartphone-based just-in time adaptive intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie P Goldstein ◽  
Leslie A Brick ◽  
J Graham Thomas ◽  
Evan M Forman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Adaptive Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract We developed a smartphone-based just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI), called OnTrack, that provides personalized intervention to prevent dietary lapses (i.e., nonadherence from the behavioral weight loss intervention diet). OnTrack utilizes ecological momentary assessment (EMA; repeated electronic surveys) for self-reporting lapse triggers, predicts lapses using machine learning, and provides brief intervention to prevent lapse. We have established preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of OnTrack, but no study has examined our hypothesized mechanism of action: reduced lapse frequency will be associated with greater weight loss while using OnTrack. This secondary analysis investigated the association between lapse frequency and the weekly percentage of weight loss. Post hoc analyses evaluated the moderating effect of OnTrack engagement on this association. Participants (N = 121) with overweight/obesity (MBMI = 34.51; 84.3% female; 69.4% White) used OnTrack with a digital weight loss program for 10 weeks. Engagement with OnTrack (i.e., EMA completed and interventions accessed) was recorded automatically, participants self-reported dietary lapses via EMA, and weighed weekly using Bluetooth scales. Linear mixed models with a random effect of subject and fixed effect of time revealed a nonsignificant association between weekly lapses and the percentage of weight loss. Post hoc analyses revealed a statistically significant moderation effect of OnTrack engagement such that fewer EMA and interventions completed conferred the expected associations between lapses and weight loss. Lapses were not associated with weight loss in this study and one explanation may be the influence of engagement levels on this relationship. Future research should investigate the role of engagement in evaluating JITAIs.

College Students' Motivations to Attend Group Fitness Classes: An Exploratory Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Shaun Boren
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Group Fitness ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Post Hoc

This study investigated college students' various motivations to select from a comprehensive range of group fitness class (GFC) offerings at a university. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in motivations to exercise based on the GFC a participant was attending most often (primary GFC, p < .01). A post hoc test determined that Health Pressures was the only motivation subscale of 14 total subscales to significantly contribute to the main effect ( p < .003). However, the findings suggested that primary GFC can explain variation in motivations to exercise. This result evidences applicability of the self-determination theory between smaller categories of physical activity than previously tested. Future research should replicate the study at larger, more diverse institutions to explore additional factors affecting motivations to exercise. Practitioners can use this study to inform the design and advertising of GFCs.

Effects of Short-Term Mission Trips on Recipients’ Self-Esteem and Readiness for Self-Directed Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 009164712110115
Author(s):  
Charissa H. W. Wong ◽  
Li Neng Lee ◽  
Alberto Pérez Pereiro
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Group Post ◽  
Mission Trips

Short-term Christian overseas volunteer trips, also known as short-term mission trips (STMs), have become increasingly prevalent (Howell & Dorr, 2007). However, research on these programs has been limited. This quasi-experimental study adds to the literature by quantitatively measuring the effects of an STM from Singapore to Thailand. STM recipients’ ( n = 44) self-esteem and readiness for self-directed learning (RSDL) were compared across timepoints – pre-test, post-test, follow-up – and with a control group ( n = 50). It was hypothesized that recipients would experience an increase in self-esteem and RSDL such that their scores would be higher than the control group post-STM. Results provide partial support for the hypotheses; while improvements among recipients were either not significant (for self-esteem) or not long-lasting (for RSDL), recipients had higher scores than the control group post-STM. This suggests that STMs have some, albeit limited, positive effects. Recommendations for promoting greater and longer-lasting effects are offered.

We are “the Resistance”: Predictors and consequences of self-categorization into the emerging movement to oppose Trump

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843022097475
Author(s):  
Samuel Hansen Freel ◽  
Rezarta Bilali ◽  
Erin Brooke Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Identity Consolidation

In a three-wave longitudinal study conducted in the first 100 days of Trump’s presidency, this paper examines how people come to self-categorize into the emerging social movement “the Resistance,” and how self-categorization into this movement influences future participation in collective action and perceptions of the movement’s efficacy. Conventional collective action (e.g., protest, lobby legislators)—but not persuasive collective action (e.g., posting on social media)—and perceived identity consolidation efficacy of the movement at Wave 1 predicted a higher likelihood of self-categorization into the movement 1 month later (Wave 2) and 2 months later (Wave 3). Self-categorization into the Resistance predicted two types of higher subsequent movement efficacy perceptions, and helped sustain the effects of conventional collective action and movement efficacy beliefs at Wave 1 on efficacy beliefs at Wave 3. Implications for theory and future research on emerging social movements are discussed.

How Collective-Action Failure Shapes Group Heterogeneity and Engagement in Conventional and Radical Action Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097056
Author(s):  
Morgana Lizzio-Wilson ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Brittany Wilcockson ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Efficacy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Extensive research has identified factors influencing collective-action participation. However, less is known about how collective-action outcomes (i.e., success and failure) shape engagement in social movements over time. Using data collected before and after the 2017 marriage-equality debate in Australia, we conducted a latent profile analysis that indicated that success unified supporters of change ( n = 420), whereas failure created subgroups among opponents ( n = 419), reflecting four divergent responses: disengagement (resigned acceptors), moderate disengagement and continued investment (moderates), and renewed commitment to the cause using similar strategies (stay-the-course opponents) or new strategies (innovators). Resigned acceptors were least inclined to act following failure, whereas innovators were generally more likely to engage in conventional action and justify using radical action relative to the other profiles. These divergent reactions were predicted by differing baseline levels of social identification, group efficacy, and anger. Collective-action outcomes dynamically shape participation in social movements; this is an important direction for future research.

scholarly journals Men and muscularity research: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharron J. Lennon ◽  
Kim K. P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Undergraduate Men

AbstractOver the past 25 years, understanding males’ interest in and outcomes of muscularity has developed into a major area of study. Research has been fueled by the development of measures of both the attitudinal and behavioral aspects of a desire to increase muscularity. Our research purpose was to critically assess muscularity research. Using a database search, the ancestry approach, and searching key journals, we identified empirical refereed journal articles with men as participants published from 2000 to 2019 to serve as our data. Our analyses revealed several individual characteristics (e.g., perfectionism, holding to traditional masculine norms) and socio-cultural influences (e.g., media, verbal commentary) that fueled men’s desire to be muscular. In experimental research, exposure to muscular male ideal images has resulted in low body image scores for young men in investigations that utilized pre-test, post-test designs. In survey research, muscularity was positively related to several risky behaviors or behaviors that could become risky if taken to the extreme. Overall, the reviewed research was conducted in western countries and researchers primarily utilized non-probability samples of undergraduate men. Recommendations for future research are provided.

Aplikasi Teori Mahjub terhadap Pembaikan Sebutan Bunyi Bahasa Arab dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sabah - Application of Mahjub Theory in Arabic Pronunciation among Sabahan Students

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISSRAQ BIN RAMLI ◽  
MOHD ZAKI ABD. RAHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Arab Students ◽  
The Holy Quran

Terdapat banyak modul sebutan berada di pasaran yang memperkenalkan teknik pembelajaran dan pengajaran sebutan al-Quran al-Karim dan bahasa Arab. Ada yang menggunakan kaedah klasik, moden dan ada juga yang menggunakan kedua-dua kaedah secara komprehensif. Namun, amat sedikit kita lihat kaedah yang dapat memperbaiki sebutan dan menumpukan secara khusus teknik kepada pelajar bukan Arab. Sering kali diperkatakan tentang masalah sebutan pelajar Sabah tanpa membuat kajian secara terperinci dan ilmiah. Justeru, kajian ini dibuat untuk melihat masalah sebenar sebutan bunyi bahasa Arab pelajar Sabah dan seterusnya mengaplikasikan teori Mahjub (1993) untuk memperbaiki masalah sebutan bahasa Arab. Kajian ini dilakukan di sebuah sekolah menengah kebangsaan di Kota Kinabalu yang responden kajiannya ialah pelajar sekolah tingkatan empat. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti secara ilmiah permasalahan sebutan dalam kalangan pelajar Sabah dan mengaplikasi kaedah fonetik Mahjub, seterusnya melihat keberkesanan modul Mahjub sebagai instrumen terbaik memperbaiki sebutan pelajar Sabah. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan huruf-huruf konsonan yang sukar bagi pelajar asing yang dibuat oleh Mahjub (1993) yang menggunakan modul yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki sebutan Arab pelajar asing. Terdapat tiga langkah utama dalam kajian ini, iaitu rakaman ujian pertama (U1) sebagai sebutan bahasa Arab terkini pelajar Sabah, kemudian langkah kedua melaksanakan PdP berdasarkan PdP Mahjub dan langkah yang ketiga membuat rakaman ujian kedua (U2) untuk melihat keberhasilan teori Mahjub dalam memperbaiki sebutan pelajar Sabah. Hasil Kajian menunjukkan nilai yang sangat signifikan antara U1 dan U2. Daripada sembilan huruf yang diuji itu, konsonan ‘Ayn [ع] paling baik disebut oleh pelajar dan huruf Dad [ض] paling sukar disebut dalam U1. Dalam U2, huruf Ta’ [ط] paling sukar disebut dan huruf Sad [ص] paling mudah disebut. Dalam U1 Fathaṯ paling tinggi skor dengan 68.2 berbanding Sukun yang mempunyai skor paling rendah dengan 33.3. Secara puratanya, dalam U1 pelajar atau responden hanya mendapat purata sekitar 55 skor min bagi Dammaṯ dan Kasraṯ. Namun, pada U2 peningkatan masing-masing Dammaṯ dan Kasraṯ. mendapat skor yang hampir sama, iaitu 77.9 dan 76.9. Data menunjukkan bahawa Sukun paling bermasalah kepada responden dalam sebutan. Begitu juga terdapat perubahan yang signifikan dalam ujian kedudukan Fathaṯ, Dammaṯ dan Kasraṯ dari U1 kepada U2. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa teori Mahjub ini berhasil memperbaiki masalah sebutan dalam kalangan pelajar Sabah dan memberikan satu alternatif untuk diaplikasi dalam PdP pelajar dan membuka ruang kepada penulis lain untuk memanjangkan kajian pada masa akan datang. There are many modules/methods available in the market to introduce the techniques of learning and teaching the Holy Quran and the Arabic language. There are classical and modern methods in teaching the Holy Quran, and some might combine both classical and modern to help students to learn the Holy Quran. But there are only few methods which can really help to improve the pronunciation of Arabic especially among the non-Arab students who learn Arabic as a second language. This pronunciation problem is often discussed by the Arabic teachers but there are lack of proper studies to overcome this problem. Therefore, this study aims to identify specifically the pronunciation problem and to measure if the Maḥjub Theory can be applied to help in overcoming it. This study was conducted in a secondary school in Kota Kinabalu. The respondents were all Form 4 students. This qualitative study used the Maḥjub Module (1993) to rectify consonant letters that are difficult to pronounce by the Sabahan students. This study has undergone three phrases. The first phrase is U1 where the pre-test is carried out to evaluate the current capability of the respondents. The second phrase applied the Maḥjub Method in the PdP. The third phrase is U2 where the post-test was carried out after the Maḥjub Method was applied to the respondents. This study showed significant value between U1 and U2. Nine consonant letters were tested in this study. In U1, ‘Ayn [ع]was the easiest to pronounce and Dad [ض] was the most difficult to pronounce by the respondents. In U2, Ta’ [ط] was the hardest to pronounce and Sad [ص] was the easiet. In U1, Fathaṯ was the highest with 68.2 score as compared to Sukun with 33.3 score. Overall, respondents scored a mean of 55 for Dammaṯ and Kasraṯ in U1. However, in U2, Dammaṯ and Kasraṯ showed very close score as of 77.9 and 76.9. The data also showed that Sukun is the hardest part for the respondents.This study had proved that the Maḥjub Method is enabled to enhance and improve the difficulty in pronunciation among the students in Sabah. Therefore, the Mahjub Method gives educators an alternative approach to apply in their teaching and also other researchers for ideas to carry out future research in this field.

Nine, Seven, Five, or Three: How Many Figures Do We Need for Assessing Body Image?

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neala Ambrosi-Randić ◽  
Alessandra Pokrajac-Bulian ◽  
Vladimir Takšić
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

320 Croatian female students ( M = 20.4 yr.) were recruited to examine the validity and reliability of figural scales using different numbers of stimuli (3, 5, 7, and 9) and different serial presentation (serial and nonserial order). A two-way analysis of variance (4 numbers × 2 orders of stimuli) was performed on ratings of current self-size and ideal size as dependent variables. Analysis indicated a significant main effect of number of stimuli. This, together with post hoc tests indicated that ratings were significantly different for a scale of three figures from scales of more figures, which in turn did not differ among themselves. Main effects of order of stimuli, as well as the interaction, were not significant. The results support the hypothesis that the optimal number of figures on a scale is seven plus (or minus) two.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document