THE INVESTIGATION OF APPROACH RUN IN TERMS OF AGE, GENDER, BIO-MOTOR AND TECHNICAL COMPONENTS ON VAULTING TABLE

Vault is one of the main apparatuses for both female and male gymnasts in artistic gymnastics (AG). The optimal vaulting technique depends on many variables, such as the approaching run. Gymnastics is one of the early specialization sports as it is necessary to start training at an early age. For this reason, the aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship among age, biomotor and technical components in relation to the approach run velocity and other variables in AG. Furthermore, similarities and differences between genders were researched. Twenty female and twelve male gymnasts took part in the study. Speed, agility, explosive power, run-up velocity were measured. Additionally, Reactive Strength Index (RSI) and Peak High Velocity distances (PHV_Distance) were calculated. Kinematic parameters during the handspring vault were calculated by a two-dimensional video analysis. A statistical comparison between genders was performed by the Mann Whitney U test. The relationships between parameters were given by Spearman correlation coefficients (r). Anaerobic power, 0-20 m speed, 20 m speed velocity, and the hand contact time were significantly different between genders (p<0.05). The approach run significantly correlated with the chronological age (r=0.66; p=0.002 for female and r=0.96; p<0.001 for male gymnasts), PHV_Distance (r=0.69; p=0.001 for female and r=0.97; p<0.001 for male gymnasts) and the biological age (r=0.69; p=0.001 for female and r=0.97; p<0.001 for male gymnasts). As the approach run velocity increases, vaulting performance is affected positively. While speed tests significantly correlated with the approach run in male gymnasts, there was no correleation for females. In addition, trainers should keep in mind that the relationship between bio-motor development and biological age of gymnasts is important in training programs.

Download Full-text

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 429-435

Author(s):

Patricia C. Mancini ◽

Richard S. Tyler ◽

Hyung Jin Jun ◽

Tang-Chuan Wang ◽

Helena Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Reliable Estimate ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Trained Subjects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

Download Full-text

A Meta Analytic Review of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness

Restaurant Business ◽

10.26643/rb.v118i9.7972 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (9) ◽

pp. 118-126

Author(s):

Augusty P. A ◽

Jain Mathew

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Effective Leadership ◽

Leadership Effectiveness ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Analytic Review ◽

The Relationship

The study evaluates the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness through a Systematic Review of Literature. The relationship has been evaluated in two steps. First, a Systematic review of literature was done to provide a theoretical framework to link the dimensions of Emotional Intelligence to the elements of effective leadership. Meta-analysis was then used to consolidate empirical evidence of the relationship. The studies for the meta-analysis were sourced from Pro Quest and EBSCO and the correlation coefficients of the studies were analysed. Only articles that presented the direct relationship between the variables were included in the study. The results of the analysis revealed a strong, statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and effective leadership. The findings of the study provide evidence for the proposition that Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness are interrelated.

Download Full-text

IMPROVEMENT OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT SELECTION METHODOLOGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/3/33-36 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

А. I. Grabovets ◽

V. P. Kadushkina ◽

S. А. Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Unit Area ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Chemical Mutagenesis ◽

Main Method ◽

The Relationship ◽

Selection Of

With the growing aridity of the climate on the Don, it became necessary to improve the methodology for conducting the breeding of spring durum wheat. The main method of obtaining the source material remains intraspecific step hybridization. Crossings were performed between genetically distant forms, differing in origin and required traits and properties. The use of chemical mutagenesis was a productive way to change the heredity of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. When breeding for productivity, both in dry years of research and in favorable years, the most objective markers were identified — the size of the aerial mass, the mass of grain per plant, spike, and harvest index. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the yield per unit area and the elements of its structure is established. It was most closely associated with them in dry years, while in wet years it decreased. Power the correlation of the characteristics of the pair - the grain yield per square meter - the aboveground biomass averaged r = 0.73, and in dry years it was higher (0.91) than in favorable ones (0.61 - 0.70) , between the harvest and the harvest index - r = 0.81 (on average). In dry years, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.92. Research data confirms the greatest importance of the mass of grain from one ear and the plant in the formation of grain yield per unit area in both dry and wet years. In dry years, the correlation coefficient between yield and grain mass per plant was on average r = 0.80; in favorable years, r = 0.69. The relationship between yield and grain mass from the ear was greater — r = 0.84 and r = 0.82, respectively. Consequently, the breeding significance of the aboveground mass and the productivity of the ear, as a criterion for the selection of the crop, especially increases in the dry years. They were basic in the selection.

Download Full-text

Implicit collective self-esteem: A comparative analysis of Gelao and Han teenagers

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.8590 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hongyun Lyu ◽

Ningjian Liang ◽

Zhen Guo ◽

Rogelio Alejo Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Group ◽

Implicit Association Test ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Association Test ◽

Implicit Association ◽

Collective Self ◽

Implicit And Explicit ◽

Collective Self Esteem ◽

The Relationship

In this study we examined the differences in implicit collective self- esteem between Gelao and Han teenagers, using the Implicit Association Test. We also explored the relationship between participants' implicit and explicit collective self-esteem with the Implicit Association Test and the Explicit Collective Self-Esteem Scale. Participants were 169 teenagers residing in Gelao regions in China. The results showed that both Gelao and Han participants had an implicit collective self-esteem effect (i.e., tended to associate their own ethnic group with positive words and the other ethnic group with negative words), and this effect was significantly higher among Gelao than among Han participants. Further, scores on the importance-to-identity subscale of the Explicit Collective Self-Esteem scale were significantly higher in the Gelao versus the Han group. The correlation coefficients between implicit and explicit collective self-esteem for both groups were very low. The significance of the study findings is discussed.

Download Full-text

A Preliminary Study on Dependence of Mercury Distribution on the Degree of Coalification in Ningwu Coalfield, Shanxi, China

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3119

Author(s):

Yinjiao Su ◽

Xuan Liu ◽

Yang Teng ◽

Kai Zhang

Keyword(s):

Linear Correlation ◽

Bituminous Coal ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Chemical Extraction ◽

Mercury Distribution ◽

Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽

Average Proportion ◽

Total Proportion ◽

The Relationship

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic trace element emitted from coal conversion and utilization. Samples with different coal ranks and gangue from Ningwu Coalfield are selected and investigated in this study. For understanding dependence of mercury distribution characteristics on coalification degree, Pearson regression analysis coupled with Spearman rank correlation is employed to explore the relationship between mercury and sulfur, mercury and ash in coal, and sequential chemical extraction method is adopted to recognize the Hg speciation in the samples of coal and gangue. The measured results show that Hg is positively related to total sulfur content in coal and the affinity of Hg to different sulfur forms varies with the coalification degree. Organic sulfur has the biggest impact on Hg in peat, which becomes weak with increasing the coalification degree from lignite to bituminous coal. Sulfate sulfur is only related to Hg in peat or lignite as little content in coal. However, the Pearson linear correlation coefficients of Hg and pyritic sulfur are relatively high with 0.479 for lignite, 0.709 for sub-bituminous coal and 0.887 for bituminous coal. Hg is also related to ash content in coal, whose Pearson linear correlation coefficients are 0.504, 0.774 and 0.827 respectively, in lignite, sub-bituminous coal and bituminous coal. Furthermore, Hg distribution is directly depended on own speciation in coal. The total proportion of F2 + F3 + F4 is increased from 41.5% in peat to 87.4% in bituminous coal, but the average proportion of F5 is decreased from 56.8% in peat to 12.4% in bituminous coal. The above findings imply that both Hg and sulfur enrich in coal largely due to the migration from organic state to inorganic state with the increase of coalification degree in Ningwu Coalfield.

Download Full-text

Nasal Morphology and Its Correlation to Craniofacial Morphology in Lateral Cephalometric Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3064

Author(s):

Agnieszka Jankowska ◽

Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska ◽

Katarzyna Grocholewicz

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Craniofacial Morphology ◽

Base Angle ◽

Nasolabial Angle ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Nose Shape ◽

The Relationship ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Nose shape, size, and inclination influence facial appearance, but few studies concern the relationship between the nasal profile and craniofacial structures. The objective of this study was to analyze association of nasal cephalometric variables with skeletal structures, age, and sex. Cephalometric and nasal analysis was performed in 386 Polish orthodontic patients (aged 9–25 years). Student t-test and Mann–Whitney test were used to compare quantitative variables and Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation coefficients—to find correlations. Soft tissue facial convexity angle correlates to Holdaway ratio, ANB (A-Nasion-B), and Wits appraisal. Nasal dorsum axis, nose length, nose depth (1) and nose depth (2), nose hump, lower dorsum convexity, and columella convexity increase with age. Nasal base angle, nasolabial angle, nasomental angle, soft tissue facial convexity and nasal bone angle decrease with age. Nasal base angle and nasomental angle are smaller in females. Thus, a relationship exists between nasal morphology and sagittal jaw configuration. Nasal parameters significantly change with age. Sexual dimorphism characterizes nasal bone angle and nasomental angle.

Download Full-text

The Influence of Countermovement Jump Protocol on Reactive Strength Index Modified and Flight Time: Contraction Time in Collegiate Basketball Players

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7020037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aaron Heishman ◽

Brady Brown ◽

Bryce Daub ◽

Ryan Miller ◽

Eduardo Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Force Plate ◽

Flight Time ◽

Contraction Time ◽

Strength Index ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Arm Swing ◽

Collegiate Basketball ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate differences in Reactive Strength Index Modified (RSIMod) and Flight Time to Contraction Time Ratio (FT:CT) during the countermovement jump (CMJ) performed without the arm swing (CMJNAS) compared to the CMJ with the arm swing (CMJAS), while exploring the relationship within each variable between jump protocols. A secondary purpose sought to explore the relationship between RSIMod and FT:CT during both jump protocols. Twenty-two collegiate basketball players performed both three CMJNAS and three CMJAS on a force plate, during two separate testing sessions. RSIMod was calculated by the flight-time (RSIModFT) and impulse-momentum methods (RSIModIMP). CMJ variables were significantly greater during the CMJAS compared to CMJNAS (p < 0.001). There were large to very large correlations within each variable between the CMJAS and CMJNAS. There were significant positive correlations among RSIModFT, RSIModIMP, and FT:CT during both the CMJAS (r ≥ 0.864, p < 0.001) and CMJNAS (r ≥ 0.960, p < 0.001). These findings identify an increase in RSIMod or FT:CT during the CMJAS, that may provide independent information from the CMJNAS. In addition, either RSIMod or FT:CT may be utilized to monitor changes in performance, but simultaneous inclusion may be unnecessary.

Download Full-text

Innovative Correlation Coefficient Measurement with Fuzzy Data

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2016/9094832 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Berlin Wu ◽

Chin Feng Hung

Keyword(s):

Mathematics Achievement ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Interval Data ◽

Fuzzy Data ◽

Pearson’S Correlation Coefficient ◽

Coefficient Measurement ◽

The Relationship ◽

Fuzzy Interval

Correlation coefficients are commonly found with crisp data. In this paper, we use Pearson’s correlation coefficient and propose a method for evaluating correlation coefficients for fuzzy interval data. Our empirical studies involve the relationship between mathematics achievement and other projects.

Download Full-text

Relationship amongst ResearchGate altmetric indicators and Scopus bibliometric indicators

New Library World ◽

10.1108/nlw-03-2015-0017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 116 (9/10) ◽

pp. 564-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

RISHABH SHRIVASTAVA ◽

Preeti Mahajan

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Bibliometric Indicators ◽

Pearson’S Correlation ◽

Content Type ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Pearson's Correlation ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the study aims to investigate the relationship between the altmetric indicators from ResearchGate (RG) and the bibliometric indicators from the Scopus database. Second, the study seeks to examine the relationship amongst the RG altmetric indicators themselves. RG is a rich source of altmetric indicators such as Citations, RGScore, Impact Points, Profile Views, Publication Views, etc. Design/methodology/approach – For establishing whether RG metrics showed the same results as the established sources of metrics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between the metrics provided by RG and the metrics obtained from Scopus. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were also calculated for the metrics provided by RG. The data were collected by visiting the profile pages of all the members who had an account in RG under the Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India). Findings – The study showed that most of the RG metrics showed strong positive correlation with the Scopus metrics, except for RGScore (RG) and Citations (Scopus), which showed moderate positive correlation. It was also found that the RG metrics showed moderate to strong positive correlation amongst each other. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of this study is that more and more scientists and researchers may join RG in the future, therefore the data may change. The study focuses on the members who had an account in RG under the Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India). Perhaps further studies can be conducted by increasing the sample size and by taking a different sample size having different characteristics. Originality/value – Being an emerging field, not much has been conducted in the area of altmetrics. Very few studies have been conducted on the reach of academic social networks like RG and their validity as sources of altmetric indicators like RGScore, Impact Points, etc. The findings offer insights to the question whether RG can be used as an alternative to traditional sources of bibliometric indicators, especially with reference to a rapidly developing country such as India.

Download Full-text

Effect of Three Ca Sources Applied On Peanuts I. Productivity and Seed Quality1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-7-1-6 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. L. Hallock ◽

A. H. Allison

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Lower Yield ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The relative effectiveness of United States Gypsum granular 420 Landplaster Bulk (420-Bulk) and Texasgulf Gypsum (Tg Gypsum) were compared with finely ground anhydrite (Bagged-LP) as sources of supplemental Ca for Florigiant peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Treatments included the above sources at rates of 605 kg/ha banded (61 cm) or 907 kg/ha broadcast (91-cm wide rows) of CaSO4 equivalent per unit area covered (double these rates of 420-Bulk and Bagged-LP also were applied in 1977). Times of application were planting, planting + ca 30 days, and early flowering stage. The experiments were located on Kenansville lfs (Arenic Hapludult) in 1977 and on Rumford lfs (Typic Hapludult) in 1978. The Ca treatments increased crop yields from 360 to 1,200 kg/ha and crop value (yield × price) from $343 to $889/ha over the check in 1977. Slightly lower yield increases were obtained in 1978 when dry conditions prevailed during fruit maturation. Kernel size grades were improved markedly by all Ca treatments in 1977. There was a definite trend both years (significant in 1978) toward higher productivity when the Ca sources were applied at the early flowering stage compared to earlier applications. No difference was noted between methods of application of Bagged-LP or Tg Gypsum in 1978. Double rates of Bagged-LP or 420-Bulk in 1977 did not increase productivity over the low rates. A single application of Bagged-LP was as effective as split applications in the 1978 test. Germinability of seed in 1977 averaged 85% or higher for all Ca treatments. Seed germination in 1978 averaged 75%, 69% and 74% in plots where Tg Gypsum, 420-Bulk or Bagged-LP was applied, respectively. Germination was lowest in the check plots both years. Germinability and seed-Ca contents were significantly higher in 1978 when the Ca sources were applied at the early flowering stage (ca July 1) than 15 days earlier. Seed-Ca contents both years and K contents in 1978 were significantly correlated with germinability. The correlation coefficients were only 0.4 in each case and the relationship was negative for K. In general, 420-Bulk, Tg Gypsum, or Bagged-LP were equally effective sources of supplemental Ca for peanuts. However, when fruit mature under very dry conditions 420-Bulk may be somewhat inferior to the other Ca sources especially when applied before early flowering.

Download Full-text