scholarly journals Functional properties of muffin as affected by substituing wheat flour with carob powder

10.5219/1033 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Libor Červenka ◽  
Michaela Fruhbauerová ◽  
Helena Velichová

Carob (Cerationa soliqua L.) pod is the good source of dietary fiber, minerals and polyphenolic substances. The aim of this study was to prepare muffin where wheat flour was substituted with carob powder, and determine some physicochemical properties. Carob powder was prepared by milling dry carob pods to particles smaller than 600 μm. Then wheat flour in muffin dough was replaced by carob powder in 5, 10, 15 and 20% (w/w) and subsequently baked at 180 °C for 20 min. It was found that the height of the muffin fortified with carob powder decreased in comparison with that in control muffin sample. Although the height of muffins decreased with the increase in level of carob powder, the differences were not statistically significant. Weight loss was similar for all the muffin samples in this study. Moisture content of muffins with carob powder was significantly higher than that in control. Addition of carob powder had also effect on water activity of muffin. While 0.905 aw was observed in control sample, significantly higher aw values were determinated in fortified muffins (0.912 – 0.923 aw). The antioxidant characteristics were determinated using spectrophotometric assays for total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), radical scavenging activities (DPPH, ABTS) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging (HPS). TPC values gradually increased with the increase in level of carob powder from 348.1 to 829.1 μg gallic acid.g-1 dry matter but TFC values significantly increased in muffin with 15 and 20% (w/w) of carob powder. All the antioxidant assays showed strong and positive association with the increase in level of carob powder. Addition of carob powder resulted in the increase of browning index and FAST index as a metrics of the formation of Maillard products.

Author(s):  
Ilze Beitāne ◽  
Gita Krūmiņa-Zemture ◽  
Zanda Krūma ◽  
Ingmārs Cinkmanis

Abstract The objective of the current study was to analyse the total phenolic concentration (TPC), total flavonoid concentration (TFC), individual phenolic compound concentration and DPPH′ radical scavenging activity of four buckwheat (raw, roasted, white and dark) flour samples obtained from the Latvian market, in comparison to those of wheat flour, which is the most common ingredient in production of cereal products. TPC, TFC, and DPPH′ radical scavenging activity values were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Phenolic compounds were determined based on the high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC). All buckwheat flour samples had significantly higher TPC and TFC than wheat flour. The highest TPC (974.74 mg GAE·100 g−1 DW) and TFC (495.31 mg CE·100 g−1 DW) was found in raw buckwheat flour (p < 0.05). Buckwheat flour samples demonstrated similar DPPH′ radical scavenging activity, which ranged from 21.067 to 22.644 mM TE·100 g−1 dry matter, and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in wheat flour (0.731 mM TE·100 g−1 of dry matter). Dark buckwheat flour contained the highest level of rutin (4.613 mg·100 g−1), whereas raw buckwheat flour displayed the highest level of 3.5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (6.356 mg·100 g−1), sinapic acid (0.947 mg·100 g−1) and epicatechin (2.608 mg·100 g−1).


Author(s):  
Võ Tấn Phát ◽  
Lê Văn Việt Mẫn ◽  
Trần Thị Thu Trà ◽  
Nguyệt Nữ Minh Tôn

Biscuits, which are loved by many consumers, often provide a high level of energy because they are rich in sugar, flour, fat and low in fiber. Fiber plays an important role in preventing constipation, cardiovascular diseases and obesity, so the current trend of manufacturers is to create high-fiber biscuit lines. Defatted copra meal (DCM) is a rich source of fiber and is added to biscuits to increase the fiber content of the cake. In this study, defatted copra meal, after being hydrolysed with the enzyme Cellulast1.5L (HDCM), will be used to replace wheat flour with different ratios, from 10% to 40%, in fiber rich biscuit recipe. The hydrolysis of DCM was carried out with an enzyme concentration of 5U/g dry matter, for 30 minutes. The obtained HDCM has a soluble fiber (SDF) content of 7.3% dry matter, an increase of 2.43 times compared to the DCM sample. At the same time, the ratio between insoluble fiber and soluble fiber (IDF/SDF) of HDCM also decreased by 2.64 times compared to this ratio of DCM. The chemical composition, hardness, physical and sensory parameters of biscuits were used to evaluate the effect of hydrolyzed copra meal replacement rate. When increasing the percentage of HDCM from 20-40%, the total fiber content of biscuits increased 1.7- 5.9 times compared with the control sample. The HDCM substitution rates of 20% and 30%, for biscuits with acceptable taste scores of 5.7 and 5.0, respectively, with total fiber content of 9.0 and 15.5%, respectively, are suitable for manufactures fiber-rich biscuits.


2011 ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana B. Saka ◽  
Julianna F. Gyura ◽  
Aleksandra Mišan ◽  
Zita I. Šereš ◽  
Biljana S. Pajin ◽  
...  

The antioxidant activity of cookies prepared by the addition of sugarbeet dietary fibers was investigated in order to estimate their influence on functional characteristics and shelf-life of cookies. Treated fiber (TF) was obtained from sugarbeet by extraction with sulfurous acid (75 °C at pH = 5.7during 60 min) and treatment with hydrogen peroxide (20 g/LH2O2 at pH = 11 during 24 h). The fiber obtained was dried (80 °C), ground and sieved. TF was investigated in comparison with commercially available Fibrex®. The cookies were prepared by the addition of 0, 7, 9 and 11% of sugarbeet dietary fiber as a substitute for wheat flour in the formulation of cookies. The antioxidant properties of cookies were tested every 7 days using a DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity test during 6 weeks of storage at room temperature (23 ± 1 ºC). The obtained results indicated that substitution of wheat flour with Fibrex® in the formulation of cookies upgraded the antioxidant activity, i.e. the functional characteristics of Fibrex®-enriched cookies and could prolong their shelf-life. In contrast, TF did not increase the antioxidant activity of TF-enriched cookies. The better antioxidant activities of Fibrex®-enriched cookies could be attributed to the presence of ferulic acid.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4791
Author(s):  
Simona Maria Man ◽  
Laura Stan ◽  
Adriana Păucean ◽  
Maria Simona Chiş ◽  
Vlad Mureşan ◽  
...  

The study aimed at assessing effects of partial replacement (0–40%) of wheat flour with roasted flaxseed flour (RFSF) on the quality attributes of biscuits. Nutritional, antioxidative, volatile and sensory properties, as well as texture analysis and the contents of macroelements and microelement were studied. Increasing RFSF content in biscuits resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in protein (from 8.35% to 10.77%), fat (from 15.19% to 28.34%) and ash (from 1.23% to 2.60%) while the hardness and spread factor of the biscuits decreased with the increased level of roasted flaxseed flour. Moreover, the addition of 40% RFSF registered a positive influence on the fibre content of the final baked biscuits, increasing its value about 6.7-fold than in the control sample. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and biscuits’ aroma volatile profile increased their amounts with RFSF addition. The nutritional, textural and sensorial results of the present study demonstrated that 25% RFSF could be added in the biscuits manufacturing without affecting the biscuits aftertaste, offering promising healthy and nutritious alternative to consumers.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3969
Author(s):  
Karolina Pycia ◽  
Lesław Juszczak

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of replacing wheat flour with hazelnuts or walnuts, in various amounts, on the thermal and rheological properties of the obtained systems. The research material were systems in which wheat flour was replaced with ground hazelnuts (H) or walnuts (W) in the amount of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The parameters of the thermodynamic gelatinization characteristics were determined by the differential scanning calorimetry method. In addition, the pasting characteristics were determined with the use of a viscosity analyzer and the viscoelastic properties were assessed. Sweep frequency and creep and recovery tests were used to assess the viscoelastic properties of the tested gels. It was found that replacing wheat flour with nuts increased the values of gelatinization temperature, gelatinization, and retrogradation enthalpy, and the degree of retrogradation. The highest viscosity was characteristic of the control sample (2039 mPa·s), and the lowest for the paste with 15% addition of walnuts (1120 mPa·s). Replacing the flour with nuts resulted in a very visible reduction in the viscosity of such systems. In addition, gels based on the systems with the addition of H and W were weak gels (tan δ = G″/G′ > 0.1), and the values of G′ and G″ parameters decreased with the increased share of nuts in the systems. Creep and recovery analysis indicated that the systems in which wheat flour was replaced with hazelnuts were less susceptible to deformation compared to the systems with the addition of W.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Yu ◽  
Xuetian Zhu ◽  
Helin Yang ◽  
Lihe Yu ◽  
Yifei Zhang

AbstractSeed deterioration, coupled with a decrease in nutrients, is unavoidable following long-term storage, and these seeds are therefore used as livestock fodder. Here, we developed a simple, rapid and efficient method of producing high amounts of antioxidants from deteriorated seeds via melatonin-induced germination. Legume seeds were subjected to high humidity at 55 °C for 12–36 h to obtain aged seeds with a 40% germination rate and severely reduced antioxidant nutrition (total phenolics content, ferric reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity). Aged seeds were then treated with 0.1 mM melatonin, resulting in the production of sprouts with a higher total phenolics content (fivefold), greater ferric reducing power (sevenfold) and greater DPPH radical scavenging capacity (twofold) compared to the aged seeds. These findings suggest that melatonin treatment efficiently converted aged seed reserve residues into antioxidant nutrients, providing an alternative use for deteriorated seeds in food production.


Author(s):  
А.А. ГРЯЗНОВ ◽  
Ю.А. ЛЕТЯГО ◽  
О.А. ГРЯЗНОВА ◽  
Р.И. БЕЛКИНА

Исследовано влияние добавки микроводоросли спирулины в рецептуру хлеба из пшеничной муки, обогащенного обойной мукой из зерна ячменя сортов Гранал 32 и Нудум 95 и тритикале сорта Цекад 90, на показатели его качества. Размолотую до порошкообразного состояния спирулину в количестве 0,5 к массе муки вносили при замесе теста в три опытных образца: пшеничный хлеб, хлеб Гранал и Ясень , рецептуры которых были разработаны ранее. В качестве контрольного образца был хлеб из пшеничной муки высшего сорта без добавок. Лабораторную выпечку образцов хлеба проводили в соответствии с методикой госкомиссии по сортоиспытанию на лабораторном хлебопекарном оборудовании. В результате определения органолептических и физико-химических показателей качества готовой продукции установлено, что добавка спирулины к пшеничной муке повышает пористость мякиша хлеба и увеличивает его объем до 546 см3, что на 18 см3 больше, чем в контрольном образце. Достаточно высокий объем 494 см3 имел образец хлеба, в рецептуру которого входит ячменная мука с добавлением спирулины. Внесение спирулины в рецептуру существенно не повлияло на показатели влажности (4346) и кислотности хлеба, которые в опытных образцах соответствуют нормативам ГОСТ 2698786 на хлеб из пшеничной муки. Самую высокую общую оценку 4,2 балла по пятибалльной шкале получил образец хлеба с добавлением к пшеничной муке порошка спирулины. The effect of the addition of spirulina microalgae in the formulation of bread from wheat flour enriched with wholemeal flour from barley grain varieties Granal 32 and Nudum 95 and triticale varieties Tsekad 90, on the indicators of its quality has been studied. Spirulina ground to a powdered state in an amount of 0,5 by weight of flour was introduced when kneading the dough into the formulations of three samples: wheat bread, bread Granal and Yasen , the formulations of which were developed earlier. Bread from wheat flour of the highest grade without additives was as a control sample. Laboratory baking of bread samples was carried out in accordance with the methodology of the state Commission for variety testing on laboratory baking equipment. As a result of the determination of organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of the quality of the finished product, it was found that the addition of spirulina to wheat flour increases the porosity of the bread crumb and increases its volume to 546 cm3, which is 18 cm3 more than in the control sample. A sample of bread, the formulation of which includes barley flour with the addition of spirulina, had a sufficiently high volume 494 cm3. Adding spirulina to the formulation did not significantly affect the moisture content (4346) and acidity of bread, which in the prototypes correspond to the standards of GOST 2698786 for bread made of wheat flour. A sample of bread with spirulina powder added to wheat flour had the highest overall score 4б2 points on a five-point scale.


Author(s):  
М.А. ХАШАГУЛЬГОВА ◽  
У.А. ХАШАГУЛЬГОВ ◽  
О.О. ГЕТОКОВ

Изучено влияние технологических приемов на качество муки. Определяли качество зерна озимой мягкой пшеницы Краснодарская 57 по ГОСТ 93532016. При определенной технологической схеме 78м двухсортном выходе муки было получено 70 муки 1го сорта и 8 муки 2го сорта. Качество муки соответствует ГОСТ Р 521892003. Мука 1го и 2го сортов обладает пресным вкусом, запахом, свойственным пшеничной муке массовая доля влаги 14,7 (1й сорт) и 13,5 (2й сорт). Наличие минеральной примеси, зараженность вредителями не установлены. Содержание металломагнитной примеси 0,041 мг (1й сорт) и 0,048 мг (2й сорт), что соответствует стандарту. Массовая доля золы в пересчете на сухое вещество составила не более 0,69 для муки 1го сорта и 0,70 для муки 2го сорта, белизна у. е. прибора РЗБПЛ 52,4 (1й сорт) и 30,0 (2й сорт). Качество сырой клейковины для муки 1го и 2го сортов составляет 70,0 и 78,0 у. е. прибора ИДК1 (I группа) соответственно. Определены также крупность помола остаток на сите 2,0 1,9 и 2,2, число падения 200 и 182 с, массовая доля сырой клейковины 30,3 и 26,6, содержание протеина 13,2 и 12,5 для муки 1го и 2го сорта соответственно. Цвет белый для муки 1го сорта и белый с желтоватым оттенком для муки 2го сорта. По органолептическим и физикохимическим показателям пшеничные отруби соответствовали ГОСТ 716966. В результате гидротермической обработки зерна с применением холодного кондиционирования и отволаживанием в течение 4 ч выход сырой клейковины вследствие повышения водопоглотительной способности белков увеличился с 25 до 26,6. Одновременно наблюдалось ослабление клейковины, возрастание ее растяжимости. При отволаживании зерна в течение 6 и 8 ч происходило некоторое увеличение выхода сырой клейковины, : 27,9 и 30,3 соответственно. Качество клейковины составило 70 у. е. прибора ИДК1, что соответствует I группе качества. Выход муки при 4часовом отволаживании составил 64, при 6часовом увеличился до 66. Высокий показатель общего выхода муки 78 был установлен при 8часовом отволаживании. Холодное кондиционирование способствовало улучшению мукомольных и хлебопекарных свойств зерна, увеличению выхода сортовой муки при меньших затратах электроэнергии. The influence of technological methods on the quality of flour has been studied. The quality of winter wheat Krasnodarskaya 57 was determined according to GOST 93532016. At a certain technological scheme with a seventyeight percent twograde flour yield was obtained 70 flour 1st grade and 8 flour 2nd grade. The quality of flour corresponds to GOST R 521892003. Flour of the first and second grades has a fresh taste, the smell characteristic of wheat flour, the mass fraction of moisture 14,7 (1st grade) and 13,5 (2nd grade). The presence of mineral impurities, pest contamination has not been established. The content of metallomagnetic impurities was found to be 0,041 mg (1st grade) and 0,048 mg (2nd grade), which corresponds to the standard. Mass fraction of ash in terms of dry matter was no more than 0,69 for first grade flour and 0,70 for flour of the second grade, whiteness conditional units of the device RZBPL 52,4 (1st grade) and 30,0 (2nd grade). The quality of wet gluten for flour of 1st and 2nd grades is 70,0 and 78,0 units of the device IDK1 (I group) respectively. Were also defined the particle size of grinding the residue on the sieve 2,0 1,9 and 2,2, the falling number 200 and 182 seconds, the mass fraction of wet gluten 30,3 and 26,6, protein content 13,2 and 12,5 for flour 1st and 2nd grade, respectively. The color is white for the flour 1st grade and the white with a yellowish tinge for the flour of the 2nd grade. By organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, wheat bran complied with GOST 716966. As a result of hydrothermal grain treatment with the use of cold conditioning and softening for 4 hours, the yield of raw gluten due to an increase in the waterabsorbing ability of proteins increased from 25 to 26,6. At the same time, a weakening of the gluten was observed, an increase in its extensibility. When softening grain for 6 and 8 hours there is some increase in the yield of wet gluten, : of 27,9 and 30,3 respectively. The quality of gluten was 70 units of the device IDK1, which corresponds to the quality group I. The yield of flour with fourhour softening was 64, with sixhour increased to 66. High total yield of flour of 78 was set when the eighthour softening. Cold conditioning contributed to the improvement of the milling and baking properties of grain, increasing the yield of highgrade flour with less power consumption.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Khomichak ◽  
◽  
Inha Kuznietsova ◽  
Svetlana Vysotska ◽  
Sergiy Tkachenko ◽  
...  

Introduction. Processing of grain raw material with influence on starch or albumens by application of heat treatment creates the variety of functional properties of a product and is perspective in the modern terms vital functions of man. Research methods and methods. The flour obtained from wheat of the Ascanian wheat and from wheat of the soft varieties: Sophia ("sweet wheat"), Blond (soft) and Chornobrova (enriched with micro- and macronutrients) were used in the study. Thermal modification of flour samples was carried out in a convective manner. The control sample for determining the quality indicators is obtained in industrial conditions, extruded wheat flour produced by LLC "AS groups, LTD". Research results. The obtained kinetic dependence shows the gradual loss of moisture standards with different speed which accordingly influences on duration of drying. The moisture content of the drying agent most affects the intensity at the initial stage of the constant drying rate. With an increase in the moisture content of the coolant, the period of constant drying increases and the amount of evaporated moisture increases during this period. With the subsequent removal of moisture from raw materials, the degree of influence of this parameter on the intensity decreases. The nature of the drying curves is the same and the recommended process for obtaining modified flour is the process duration of 300 minutes or 5 hours. It was determined microscopically, that the samples of dried wheat flour have a purpose and are partially destroyed by starch granules and amorphization of biocomposite materials. Based on the data on the kinetics of drying flour samples, the kinetic coefficients and values of the critical moisture content for drying wheat flour were calculated, which is 1.18-1.30 %. It was determined that for the sensorial indicators the obtained samples have indicators characteristic of the varietal characteristics of wheat, from which the flour was taken. In terms of physical and chemical parameters, the modified wheat flour samples are not inferior to the well-known industrial sample of extruded flour. Conclusions. Use of flour, obtained from the wheat with different correlation of amilose and amylopectin, positively influences on a technological process and allows to extend the assortment of modified starch products, and accordingly, food products. Kinetics of the convective drying standards of the flour is investigated. Researches showed that a it is physically modified flour obtained from the different sorts of the soft wheat is not inferior in quality to the extruded wheat flour.


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