scholarly journals Rational and irrational behavior of Slovak consumers in the private label market

10.5219/1272 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 402-411
Author(s):  
Ingrida Košičiarová ◽  
Zdenka Kádeková ◽  
Ľubica Kubicová ◽  
Kristí­na Predanocyová ◽  
Jana Rybanská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Label ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Private Labels ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Irrational Behavior ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comparable Quality ◽  
Private Label Products

Rational and irrational consumer behavior has already been the subject of several studies. Although their attention was mostly focused on traditional brands, these studies and their conclusions may also serve as a model for private label research, which is now increasingly coming to the forefront. Private labels are gradually becoming an adequate purchase alternative to traditional brands. The aim of the paper was to find out the influence of packaging and chosen marketing communication tools, on consumer purchasing decisions in the dairy segment. An anonymous questionnaire survey was chosen as the main research method, where participated 1,116 respondents from all over Slovakia; which was subsequently supplemented by the blind test involving 20 respondents under the age of up to 25 years. Seven chocolate-flavored yogurt samples were examined in the blind test; while the samples were such traditional brands by traditional producers as well as private labels. Interestingly, identical products were investigated ”“ products from the traditional producer, both under its brand and under the retailer's private label. The results of our research proved some interesting findings ”“ more than 28% of respondents buy private label products regularly and more than 53% buy them sporadically; whereas respondents do not buy private labels, mainly because of their lack of interest to try something new, assuming poor product quality and inadequate price; they buy them mainly because of lower prices compared to traditional product brands, comparable quality to traditional brands and good experience; respondents perceive private labels as good products of adequate quality and private labels evoke that products are adequate quality at a reasonable price. Although most respondents have no opinion on the packaging of private label products, more than 31% of them consider their packaging as unattractive and almost 36% think that their packaging does not affect them, but the results of the blind test partially refused this opinion.

scholarly journals The impact of packaging on consumer behavior in the private label market – the case of Slovak consumers under 25 years of age

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenka Kádeková ◽  
Ingrida Košičiarová ◽  
Vladimir Vavřečka ◽  
Milan Džupina
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Private Label ◽  
High Price ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Private Labels ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reasonable Price ◽  
Private Label Products

Although there were many consumer behavior studies, their focus was on traditional brands. Despite that, their conclusions and recommendations can serve as a model for private label research. This paper aims to find out the influence of packaging on consumer purchasing decisions in the yoghurt segment. Attention was drawn to Slovak consumers under the age of 25 years. To achieve the aim, survey, structured questionnaire (549 randomly chosen respondents) and blind test (20 respondents) methods were used. For a deeper analysis, four hypotheses were set out and tested using statistical methods of Pearsons’ Chi-Square Test, Friedman test, Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square Test, Phi Coefficient, Cramer’s V Coefficient and correspondence analysis. The results proved that almost 58% of respondents bought private labels sporadically, over 20% of respondents bought them multiple times a week, and over 18% of respondents bought them once a week. In terms of perceived quality, it can be said that quality of private label products is perceived as good and adequate, they evoke impression of adequate quality at a reasonable price, the decisive factor for their purchase is a combination of reasonable price and quality, and the reasons not to buy are high price, low quality and lack of information about the producer. Regarding the impact of packaging on respondents’ purchasing decisions, it is found that less than 34% of respondents believe that packaging of private label products is unattractive, and up to 33% of respondents think that packaging does not affect them. AcknowledgementThe paper was supported by the research project GA SUA No. 8/2019 “Private labels as the alternative to purchase”, which is solved at the Department of Marketing and Trade, Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra.

scholarly journals The determinants of purchasing private label products

Marketing ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
Ivana Marković ◽  
Biljana Rabasović ◽  
Mlađen Vićentić
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Price Sensitivity ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Private Label Products

A private label is developed by a retailer with the aim to achieve the largest possible market share, to suppress manufacturer's brands, to increase the margin and to gain consumer loyalty. The subject of this paper is to analyze the determinants of purchasing private label products. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the economic situation perception, price sensitivity, quality perception and the sense of "smart shopping" have an impact on the purchase of a private label products. Data were collected by personal interview method, via online survey 260 respondents were examined, and hypotheses were tested by regression analysis. The obtained results indicate that the price sensitivity and the smart shopping feeling have a positive statistical impact on the private label purchase, while in the case of the two remaining observed variables: perception of economic situation and quality, this impact is not statistically significant. The study is original while it identifies which determinants shape consumer behavior when it comes to buying a private label. As such, it can be useful for retailers to successfully develop and manage their own branded products.

The Evolution of Private Label Products in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yusuf Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Private Labels ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Private Label Products

The purpose of this chapter is to reveal the recent situation in Turkey for private label products in detail and to create some insights for marketing professionals in terms of which marketing strategy to use for private labels to become more successful in the market. To reach this aim, a literature review has been made to understand the success of developed markets and to reveal the marketing strategies that would be proper to implement also in the Turkish market. Then, certain marketing strategies were proposed to the professionals in the Turkish market. One of the main solutions revealed in this study was the importance of creating premium private labels for the Turkish market. It was also understood that Turkish professionals can benefit from the successful marketing activities implemented by developed markets earlier.

scholarly journals Retailing, Private Label and Global Competition

10.4468/10061 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Gnecchi
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Store Loyalty ◽  
Private Labels ◽  
Corporate Brand ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Local Cultures ◽  
Private Label Products

Global retailers define strategies coherent with local cultures and traditions, as also develop products centered on internationally diffused products. In this perspective, private labels become fundamental for such strategies as far as they contribute directly to store loyalty consolidation and indirectly, to retailers brand equity reinforcement. Moreover, private label products prove the retailer’s sensibility in front of local customer’s needs and preferences. As a consequence, global and local trade operators turn to local manufacturers, giving them a possibility to strengthen their corporate brand and the company itself by means of strategic alliances.  

scholarly journals The consumer behavior of Slovak millennials in the segment of milk and dairy products within private labels

10.5219/1404 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 798-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrida Košičiarová ◽  
Zdenka Kádeková ◽  
Ľubica Kubicová ◽  
Jana Rybanská
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Private Labels ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products ◽  
Low Consumption

Despite the fact that the dairy industry has an important position in the food industry (with an 18% share in its total production and sales), dairy businesses are currently struggling with low consumption of milk and dairy products. According to most researchers, the low consumption of milk and dairy products is mainly due to poor eating habits and, last but not least, insufficient promotion of these products. There is also an opportunity for private labels, which are recently on the rise, for which milk and dairy products are the most commonly purchased category of food. This paper aimed to find out how Slovak millennials perceive private labels, in which categories they buy them, what motivates them and on the contrary, discourages them from the purchase, etc. As the main research method, there was chosen the method of anonymous questionnaire survey involving 549 respondents from all over Slovakia; which was subsequently supplemented with a blind test. The submitted results of research declared that our goals were fulfilled and the following conclusions can be stated: Slovak millennials buy private labels in particular in the category of milk and dairy products, perceive private labels as an adequate alternative to their purchase and when purchasing milk and dairy products, they are mostly influenced by recommendations of family and friends and the tasting.

Psychological nature of intelligence officer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
P. Yu. Naumov ◽  
F. V. Povshednaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Value System ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Method Analysis

Introduction. Based on modern social trends, the demand becomes not only for professionally trained people, but also for the level of their general culture, value system and, ultimately, intelligence. At the same time, there is no place for intellectuals and educating intellectuals in program documents on educational activities, although this task is very logical for the pedagogical practice of a developed society. This work presents the experience of the author's analysis of the psychological nature of the intelligence of an officer. Consistently considering the essence and structure of such a complex phenomenon, the structure and the real functioning of the values that allow characterizing the subject as an intellectual are ascertained.Materials and methods. As the main research methodology, the authors use sociological (I.S. Kon), culturological adapted to solve the problems of this work (M.S. Kagan), historiographic (A.V. Popov), systemic (I.V. Blauberg, V.A. Lektersky, V.N. Sadovsky, S.L. Rubinstein, M.S. Kagan, N.V. Kuzmina) and functional approaches (P.K. Anokhin, M.S. Kagan, N. Wiener). The main research methods were: hypothetical-deductive method; analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy and abstraction; systemic method and modeling.Results. The result of the study is that the authors identified and justified the structural psychological qualities of intelligence as the subjective characteristics of an officer and examined the basic mechanisms of formation of intellectual values.Discussion and Conclusions. The required criteria for being intelligent as a  subject characteristics of an officer is the level of education (self education)of an officer, his manners, the scope of his values , existential assessment –correlating every fact he faces with general life-span problems of objective reality, having respect for values of others and being ready for talk to employees and  superiors as well as the representatives of other social groups, other cultures, nationalities, confessions and professions which requires dialog in search of optimal forms and options of interaction. The cornerstone principle for intelligence of the officer are, therefore, his education and upbringing, ideological conviction in his own values and readiness for self-sacrifice for their sake.

LITERARY ROMANTICISM AS A THEORETICAL ISSUE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Vera V. Serdechnaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of literary romanticism. The research aims at a refinement of the “romanticism” concept in relation to the history of the literary process. The main research methods include conceptual analysis, textual analysis, comparative historical research. The author analyzes the semantic genesis of the term “romanticism”, various interpretations of the concept, compares the definitions of different periods and cultures. The main results of the study are as follows. The history of the term “romanticism” shows a change in a number of definitions for the same concept in relation to the same literary phenomena. By the end of the 20th century, realizing the existence of significant contradictions in the content of the term “romanticism”, researchers often come to abandon it. At the same time, the steady use of the term “romanticism” testifies to the subject-conceptual component that exists in it, which does not lose its relevance, but just needs a theoretical refinement. Conclusion: one have to revise an approach to romanticism as a theoretical concept, based on the change in the concept of an individual in Europe at the end of the 18th century. It is the newly discovered freedom of an individual predetermines the rethinking for the image of the author as a creator and determines the artistic features of literary romanticism.

THE METADIALOGUE CONCEPT IN ITS LINGUISTIC ASPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Kupriyanova ◽  
I.M. Vasilyanova
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

The article summarizes the key points in the development of the metadialogue phenomenon from a linguistic point of view. Some stages of the development of this concept and the difficulties associated with its structuring are covered. The main research findings of modern foreign and domestic experts on its study are considered. Some characteristics of the subject of the research from the standpoint of various pragmatic installations are given. On the basis of the dynamic structure of the metadialogue development, certain principles of semantic relations connected with the dialectical nature of human cognition are presented. Excursion into the history and evolution of the concept is presented. Several types of formulation of the subject matter are given. In accordance with the goal of speech exposure, internal problems of the development of metadialogue are highlighted and the critical points related to solving these problems are described. The rules of metadialogue flow are explained at the level of steps, the success/failure of which directly affects the final result of communication. The prospects of development of the concept research in accordance with various types of discourse are indicated.

THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION’S APPROACH TO ENERGY SECURITY IN POLAND AND THE BALTIC STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1/2020) ◽  
pp. 33-67
Author(s):  
Olga Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Baltic

The subject of this paper encompasses US policy towards Poland and the Baltic States regarding energy security during Donald Trump’s presidency. It is discernible that vast domestic energy resources have created an opportunity for the US to project more power to these countries, and the surrounding region. We argue that Trump and his administration’s perceptions have served as an intervening variable in that opportunity assessment, in accordance with the neoclassical realist theory. The main research question addressed in this paper is whether US has used that opportunity to contribute to energy security in countries it has traditionally deemed as allies. Two aspects of US approach to energy security of the designated countries are taken into consideration: liquified natural gas exports and support for the Three Seas Initiative. The way Trump presented his policy and its results in his public statements has also been considered in this paper. The article will proceed as follows. The first subsection of the paper represents a summary of energy security challenges in Poland and the Baltic States. The second subsection is dedicated to the opportunity for the US to project energy power and to Trump’s perceptions relevant for the opportunity assessment. The third subsection deals with American LNG exports to these countries as a possible way for contributing to energy security in Poland and the Baltic States. The last part of the paper addresses the Three Seas Initiative and US approach to this platform.

scholarly journals Techniques for Mitigating the Effects of Smoke Taint While Maintaining Quality in Wine Production: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Ysadora A. Mirabelli-Montan ◽  
Matteo Marangon ◽  
Antonio Graça ◽  
Christine M. Mayr Marangon ◽  
Kerry L. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Global Perspective ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Initial Severity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Available Information

Smoke taint has become a prominent issue for the global wine industry as climate change continues to impact the length and extremity of fire seasons around the world. Although the issue has prompted a surge in research on the subject in recent years, no singular solution has yet been identified that is capable of maintaining the quality of wine made from smoke-affected grapes. In this review, we summarize the main research on smoke taint, the key discoveries, as well as the prevailing uncertainties. We also examine methods for mitigating smoke taint in the vineyard, in the winery, and post production. We assess the effectiveness of remediation methods (proposed and actual) based on available research. Our findings are in agreement with previous studies, suggesting that the most viable remedies for smoke taint are still the commercially available activated carbon fining and reverse osmosis treatments, but that the quality of the final treated wines is fundamentally dependent on the initial severity of the taint. In this review, suggestions for future studies are introduced for improving our understanding of methods that have thus far only been preliminarily investigated. We select regions that have already been subjected to severe wildfires, and therefore subjected to smoke taint (particularly Australia and California) as a case study to inform other wine-producing countries that will likely be impacted in the future and suggest specific data collection and policy implementation actions that should be taken, even in countries that have not yet been impacted by smoke taint. Ultimately, we streamline the available information on the topic of smoke taint, apply it to a global perspective that considers the various stakeholders involved, and provide a launching point for further research on the topic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document