scholarly journals EFFECT OF ALOE BARBADENSIS MILLER WHOLE LEAF EXTRACT ON HYPERGLYCEMIA AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN LOW DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Author(s):  
MEENA GUL ◽  
MUHAMMAD MAZHAR HUSSAIN ◽  
AYESHA BABER ◽  
AMJAD ZAMAN ◽  
MUSRAT ZAHRA
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

BACKGROUND: Managing diabetes is difficult due to the number of side effects associated with drugsused for its treatment. There it is a need of an hour to look for indigenous plants which are safe and costeffective. Present study was planned to determine the effect of Aloe vera whole leaf extract and/orRosiglitazone on plasma glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.DESIGN: Randomized control trailPLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: This study was conducted from April 2009 to Oct 2010 at theDepartment of Physiology Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Institute ofHealth (NIH) Islamabad.MATERIAL AND METHOD: Type 2 DM was induced in 60 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats by feedinghigh fat diet for 2 weeks and injecting a low dose (35mg/kg) of streptozotocin intra peritoneally. Type 2diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups, each group having 15 rats and were labeled as diabeticgroup, Aloe vera group, rosiglitazone group and combined group. The diabetic group was injected normalsaline, Aloe vera group was treated with Aloe vera whole leaf extract in dose of 300mg/kg body weight,rosiglitazone group was given 5mg/kg body weight of rosiglitazone I/P and combined group diabetic ratswere treated with 150mg/kg body weight of Aloevera extract and 2.5mg/kg body weight of rosiglitazone(halfof their effective dose) for 21 days.RESULTS: A significant reduction (p<0.001) in plasma glucose (73%), insulin (32%) and TG/HDL ratio(81%) was analyzed in combined groupascompared to diabetic control group. \CONCLUSION: The maximum impact in lowering plasma glucose, insulin and TG/HDL ratio wasrecorded in combined group, followed by rosiglitazone group and then Aloevera group.KEYWORDS:T2DM. Aloe vera, insulin resistance

scholarly journals Effects of One Year Treatment of Sibutramine on Insulin Resistance Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Derosa ◽  
Pamela Maffioli ◽  
Ilaria Ferrari ◽  
Ilaria Palumbo ◽  
Sabrina Randazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
One Year ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Purpose. Comparison of the effects of one year treatment with sibutramine compared to placebo on body weight, glycemic control, lipid profile, and insulin resistance parameters in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods. Two hundred and forty-six patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus in therapy with different oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin were enrolled in this study and randomised to take sibutramine 10 mg or placebo for one year. We evaluated at baseline, and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months these parameters: body weight, body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (Tg), retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), resistin, visfatin, and high sensitivity-C reactive protein (Hs-CRP). Results. We observed a faster improvement of HbA1c, FPG and PPG with sibutramine compared to the control group; furthermore we recorded a decrease of FPI, TC, LDL-C, body weight, and BMI in the sibutramine group, but not in the control group. A faster decrease of HOMA-IR, resistin, and RBP-4 was recorded with sibutramine compared to the control group. We observed a significant decrease of Hs-CRP in both groups. Conclusions. Sibutramine gave a faster improvement of glycemic control, and of insulin resistance parameters compared to placebo; furthermore sibutramine gave also an improvement of lipid profile, and body weight.

Effect of a Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Aloe vera Gel on Experimentally Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (06) ◽  
pp. 1037-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Y. Pérez ◽  
Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer ◽  
Alejandro Zamilpa ◽  
Marcelino Hernández-Valencia ◽  
Francisco J. Alarcón-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Insulin resistance, which precedes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a widespread pathology associated with the metabolic syndrome, myocardial ischemia, and hypertension. Finding an adequate treatment for this pathology is an important goal in medicine. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of an extract from Aloe vera gel containing a high concentration of polyphenols on experimentally induced insulin resistance in mice. A polyphenol-rich Aloe vera extract (350 mg/kg) with known concentrations of aloin (181.7 mg/g) and aloe-emodin (3.6 mg/g) was administered orally for a period of 4 weeks to insulin resistant ICR mice. Pioglitazone (50 mg/kg) and bi-distilled water were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Body weight, food intake, and plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose were measured and insulin tolerance tests were performed. The insulin resistance value was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Results showed that the polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera was able to decrease significantly both body weight ( p < 0.008) and blood glucose levels ( p < 0.005) and to protect animals against unfavorable results on HOMA-IR, which was observed in the negative control group. The highest glucose levels during the insulin tolerance curve test were in the negative control group when compared to the Aloe vera extract and pioglitazone treated mice ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, Aloe vera gel could be effective for the control of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Alteration of the intestinal barrier and GLP2 secretion in Berberine-treated type 2 diabetic rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 218 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Y Shan ◽  
J H Yang ◽  
Y Kong ◽  
X Y Wang ◽  
M Y Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

For centuries, Berberine has been used in the treatment of enteritis in China, and it is also known to have anti-hyperglycemic effects in type 2 diabetic patients. However, as Berberine is insoluble and rarely absorbed in gastrointestinal tract, the mechanism by which it works is unclear. We hypothesized that it may act locally by ameliorating intestinal barrier abnormalities and endotoxemia. A high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin was used to induce type 2 diabetes in male Sprague Dawley rats. Berberine (100 mg/kg) was administered by lavage to diabetic rats for 2 weeks and saline was given to controls. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance improved in the Berberine group, although there was no significant decrease in blood glucose. Berberine treatment also led to a notable restoration of intestinal villi/mucosa structure and less infiltration of inflammatory cells, along with a decrease in plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level. Tight junction protein zonula occludens 1 (ZO1) was also decreased in diabetic rats but was restored by Berberine treatment. Glutamine-induced glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP2) secretion from ileal tissue decreased dramatically in the diabetic group but was restored by Berberine treatment. Fasting insulin, insulin resistance index, plasma LPS level, and ZO1 expression were significantly correlated with GLP2 level. In type 2 diabetic rats, Berberine treatment not only augments GLP2 secretion and improves diabetes but is also effective in repairing the damaged intestinal mucosa, restoring intestinal permeability, and improving endotoxemia. Whether these effects are mechanistically related will require further studies, but they certainly support the hypothesis that Berberine acts via modulation of intestinal function.

scholarly journals PEX-168 Improves Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Response and Adipokines in Simple Obese Mice and Explore the Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Zeyuan ◽  
Wu Yuting ◽  
Sun Xiaofang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background: Polyethylene glycxol losenatide（PEX-168）is a new anti-diabetic drug and there are no reports on its weight loss effects，so we designed this trial to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice. Methods: Thirty healthy C57BL/6 male mice were randomly selected and divided into a blank control group (NC, n=6) and an obesity model group (n=24), the high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three different doses of PEX-168 intervention groups of low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD) (the doses of PEX-168 were 0.03 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg), 6 animals in each group. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after the injection, and the activity of mice was observed, and serum insulin (INS), CRP, chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks. Results: Compared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 could reduce the body weight of mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the LD and HD groups had a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05)；the low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and Homa-IR of mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, IR P < 0.001), but there was no statistical difference between different doses (P > 0.05)；CRP levels in HD and LD groups were significantly improved(P < 0.05)，the levels of serum chemerin and omentin in intervention groups were significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no statistical difference between the different doses (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Continuous 12W administration of PEX-168 significantly reduced body weight in simple obese mice, thereby improving inflammatory status, improving insulin resistance, reducing serum chemerin level and increasing serum omentin level, inhibiting the development of diabetes. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin mainly through its hypoglycemic effect.

scholarly journals Leptin and Other Factors as Determinants of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Manindra Nath Roy ◽  
Salima Akter ◽  
Mohammad Jafarulla ◽  
Forhadul Hoque Mollah ◽  
Ajanta Rani Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Key Words Leptin ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Insulin Secretory Capacity ◽  
Secretory Capacity

Background: The relative contribution of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vary from population to population due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease. The study was undertaken to evaluate insulin secretory capacity and sensitivity in a Bangladeshi Type 2 diabetic population and to explore the association of some of the anthropometric and biochemical factors known to modulate B-cell function and insulin action. Methods: Ninety one T2DM subjects and 32 age-matched controls were studied for their fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipids, HbA1c (by HPLC), leptin and C-peptide (ELISA). Insulin secretion (HOMA B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA S) were calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Results: Both insulin secretion and sensitivity were significantly reduced in diabetic as compared to control (HOMA B%, geometric mean±SD, 35.65±1.75 vs. 96.29±1.50, p < 0.001; HOMA S%, 68.66±1.71 vs. 104.951.63, p < 0.001). However, B-cell dysfunction was predominant than insulin resistance in predicting T2DM as the discriminate function coefficient for HOMA B (1.098) was greater than that for HOMA S (0.821). In T2DM, HOMA B had positive correlation with BMI (r=0.368, p < 0.001) and HOMA S was inversely correlated to BMI (r=-0.261, p < 0.01), WHR (r=-0.258, p < 0.01) and plasma TG (r=-0.233, p < 0.001). On multiple regression analysis HOMA B and HOMA S were found to be inversely associated to FPG (p < 0.001) and leptin (p < 0.05) in T2DM. Conclusions: Both insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance are present in Bangladeshi T2DM subjects, but B-cell failure seems to be the predominant abnormality. BMI, plasma glucose, insulin and leptin are the major determinants of insulin secretory capacity and generalized as well as central obesity, plasma glucose, triglycerides, insulin and leptin are among the major determinants of insulin sensitivity in this population. Key Words: Leptin, Insulin, Diabetes   doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1786 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2008 Dec;(3):1-7.

scholarly journals Perbaikan Sensitivitas Insulin Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 oleh Media Terkondisi Sel Punca Mesensimal

PRAXIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Bernadia Branitamahisi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
T Test ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the highest prevalence among diabetes types, but there is no treatment that overcome obstacle in the process of surgery, rejection reactions, and increased complications that occur. The aim of this study was to investigate the insulin sensitivity improvement by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium(MSC-CM) through increased IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation (IRS-1tyr612) on the type 2 diabetic rat with and without treatment. This experimental study is purely laboratory Posttest Control Group using male Sprague Dawley rat, 7 weeks old and 150-200gram weight. Rat is divided into 3 research groups, K(-): normal control; K(+): diabetic control; P:treatment, type 2 DM rat+MSC-CM 0,1ml/200gBW ip. Giving MSC-CM is done every 3 days 10 times. On day 30 after therapy, an IRS-1tyr612 expression analysis was performed with skeletal muscle immunohistochemistry (IHC). Data analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Independent Sample T-test at 95% significance. Percentage of positive score of IRS-1tyr612 expression K(-)(75%)> P(62,5%)> K(+)(12,5%). Average expression of IRS-1tyr612 P(45,46±9,15)> K(-)(44,41±4,61)> K(+)(21,29±3,49) with significant difference of K(-)-K(+) and P-K(+). Giving MSC-CM may increase the expression of IRS-1tyr612 on type 2 diabetic animal model rat. Keywords: MSC-CM, insulin sensitivity, IRS-1tyr612, type 2 DM Abstrak: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan tipe diabetes dengan prevalensi tertinggi, namun belum ada pengobatan yang dapat mengatasi hambatan dalam proses operasi, reaksi rejeksi, dan banyaknya komplikasi yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbaikan sensitivitas insulin oleh Media Terkondisi Sel Punca Mesensimal (MT-SPM) melalui peningkatan fosforilasi tirosin 612 IRS-1(IRS-1tyr612) pada tikus model DM tipe 2 dengan dan tanpa terapi. Penelitian ini eksperimental murni laboratorium Posttest Control Group menggunakan hewan uji tikus Sprague Dawley jantan usia 7 minggu dan berat badan 150-200gram. Tikus dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok penelitian, yaitu K(-): kontrol normal; K(+): kontrol diabetik; P: perlakuan, tikus DM tipe 2 + MT-SPM 0,1ml/200g bb ip. Pemberian MT-SPM dilakukan setiap 3 hari sebanyak 10 kali. Pada hari ke-30 setelah terapi, dilakukan analisis ekspresi IRS-1tyr612 dengan IHC otot skelet. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Independent Sample T-test dan Kruskal Wallis pada signifikansi 95%. Prosentase skor positif ekspresi IRS-1tyr612 K(-)(75%) > P(62,5%) > K(+)(12,5%). Rerata ekspresi IRS-1tyr612 P(45,46±9,15) > K(-)(44,41±4,61) > K(+)(21,29±3,49) dengan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik pada K(-)–K(+) dan P–K(+). Pemberian MTSPM dapat meningkatkan ekspresi IRS-1tyr612 pada tikus model DM tipe 2. Kata kunci: MT-SPM, sensitivitas insulin, IRS-1tyr612,DM tipe 2

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effects of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Steam Explosion-Modified Black Soybean Hull in Low-Dose Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mouses

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Meng Shen ◽  
Weihao Wang ◽  
Yunfei Ge ◽  
Ziyue Kang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Black Soybean ◽  
Soybean Hull ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

This paper studies the antidiabetic effects of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from steam explosion-modified black soybean hull in low-dose streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetic mouses. Male C57/BL6 mouses were divided into 4 groups: control (nondiabetic, no SDF intake), model (diabetes only), metformin (metformin: 100 mg/kg body weight), and SDF (SDF: 600 mg/kg body weight). Four weeks post-SDF treatment, treatment of SDF decreased the weight gain of diabetic mouses, normalised the blood glucose level, and reduced the serum cholesterol, serum insulin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, arteriosclerosis index, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and malondialdehyde. It also increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, glycopeptide peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity and repaired the pancreatic injury of the diabetic mouses. Our research results show that SDF has the potential for use in type 2 diabetes treatment.

Myocardial insulin resistance associated with chronic hypertriglyceridemia and increased FFA levels in Type 2 diabetic patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. H1225-H1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilla D. Monti ◽  
Claudio Landoni ◽  
Emanuela Setola ◽  
Elena Galluccio ◽  
Pietro Lucotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Myocardial Insulin Resistance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

We evaluated the influence of chronic hypertriglyceridemia and endothelial dysfunction on myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) in Type 2 diabetic patients without coronary heart disease. Patients were divided into two groups according to fasting triglyceride (TG) levels: 5.4 ± 1.1 and 1.5 ± 0.3 mmol/l for high- and normal-TG groups, respectively. Five subjects were assigned to the high-TG group and 11 to the normal-TG group. Age, gender, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were similar in the two groups, whereas free fatty acid (FFA) levels were higher in the high-TG group basally and at the end of the clamp. Furthermore, five healthy subjects were subjected to the same protocol and used as the control group. MGU was assessed by using 18F-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose under hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic conditions. Basal endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels were significantly higher in the high-TG group than in the normal-TG and control groups, and cGMP and maximal postischemic vasodilation were significantly decreased in the high-TG group compared with the normal-TG and control groups. However, significant alterations were found in the same parameters in the normal-TG group compared with the control group. By the end of the hyperglycemic clamp, in the high-TG group, MGU was ∼40 and 65% of that in the normal-TG and control groups. MGU negatively correlated with TG, FFA, and endothelin-1, whereas a positive correlation was found with cGMP and maximal postischemic vasodilation. In conclusion, increased TG and FFA levels are risks, in addition to Type 2 diabetes mellitus, for myocardial insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and alteration of nitric oxide/cGMP levels.

scholarly journals Guava Leaf Extract Attenuates Insulin Resistance via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in a Type 2 Diabetic Mouse Model

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
Qiong Yang ◽  
Yu-Mei Wen ◽  
Jing Shen ◽  
Mei-Mei Chen ◽  
Jiang-Hua Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Guava Leaf ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Antidiabetic Effects of Total Flavonoids from Litsea Coreana leve on Fat-Fed, Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Xia Lu ◽  
Qiu Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yu-Xiu Sun ◽  
Ling-Yun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

This study was initiated to determine the possible antidiabetic effects of total flavonoids of Litsea Coreana leve (TFLC), an alcohol extract from the dried leaves of Litsea Coreana leve, on type 2 diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 40, 160–180 g) were divided into two groups and fed with normal chow diet (Normal Control group) or high-fat diet (HFD) for a period of 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of dietary manipulation, the HFD-fed rats were injected with 30 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ) to induce diabetes 72 hours after STZ injection. These diabetic rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10): Diabetic Control group, Diabetic + TFLC group and Diabetic + PIO group. Diabetic + TFLC group and Diabetic + PIO group were orally administered with 400 mg/kg TFLC or 10 mg/kg pioglitazone (all suspended in 0.5% CMC-Na) respectively for 6 weeks. All rats were examined for body weight, serum and hepatic biochemical indices, content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and pathological changes in liver and pancreas, as well as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression in liver. The diabetic rats became obese, insulin resistant, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic. Treatment with TFLC showed a significant increase in insulin sensitivity, serum HDL-C level and SOD activities, meanwhile marked decrease in body weight, serum FFA, TC, TG, LDL-C, CRP, MDA content. TFLC also attenuated pathologic alterations in liver and pancreatic islet. Furthermore, TFLC was found to decrease the expression of PTP1B in diabetic rat liver. These results suggested that TFLC could ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipoidemia, inflammation and oxidation stress, as well as insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic rats.

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