Optimization of Extraction of Curcuminoids from Turmeric Powder (Curcuma longa)

In this study extraction of curcuminoids from turmeric was explored by various methods of extraction. For extraction soxhelet, ultrasonication and distillation methods were employed for separation of curcuminoids from turmeric powder under more or less varying same parameters. The results were analyzed and compared with reference method. The UV-Vis spectroscopy, HPLC and TLC were used for the confirmation and quantification of extract. The TLC analysis showed the three bands denoted the presence of three curcuminoids. The UV-Vis spectral analysis specified the absorption peak at 425nm. The HPLC studies implied the existence of three peaks for sonicated extract. The interpretation of the observation emphasized that the yield of extraction was higher for sonication method than remaining other extraction methods under varying parameters. Hence sonication method was considered as optimized extraction method which was time saving and less energy consuming favorable extraction method. The emphasized characteristics of improved extraction methods including cost-effectiveness (due to much saving in time and energy consumption) and environmentally benign nature make them more favourable extraction methods.

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Application of Conventional and Non-Conventional Extraction Methods to Obtain Functional Ingredients from Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Tissues and By-Products

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11167303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 7303

Author(s):

Frida Camila Cruz-Casillas ◽

Tomás García-Cayuela ◽

Veronica Rodriguez-Martinez

Keyword(s):

Supercritical Fluids ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Emerging Technologies ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Functional Ingredients ◽

Functional Potential ◽

Conventional Extraction ◽

Negative Environmental Impact ◽

Time And Energy ◽

By Products

In recent years, researchers in the pharmaceutical and food areas focused on finding the best ways to take advantage of functional ingredients present in jackfruit tissues and by-products such as phenolics and pectin. Many of these studies focused on adding value to the by-products and decreasing their negative environmental impact. However, the type, quantity, and characteristics of jackfruit functional ingredients are highly dependent on the extraction method, either through conventional or non-conventional technologies, and the jackfruit tissue used, with peel and seeds being the most studied. The reported studies suggest that extractions and pre-treatments with emerging technologies such as ultrasounds, microwaves, radio frequency, or supercritical fluids can facilitate the release of functional ingredients of jackfruit; reduce the time and energy consumption required; and, in some cases, improve extraction yields. Therefore, emerging technologies could increase the functional potential of jackfruit and its by-products, with promising applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

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Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods Developed for Forensic and Ancient DNA Applications Using Bone Samples of Different Age

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12020146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Catarina Xavier ◽

Mayra Eduardoff ◽

Barbara Bertoglio ◽

Christina Amory ◽

Cordula Berger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Extraction ◽

Ancient Dna ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Fragment Size ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Degraded Dna ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Dna Fragments ◽

Dna Amount

The efficient extraction of DNA from challenging samples, such as bones, is critical for the success of downstream genotyping analysis in molecular genetic disciplines. Even though the ancient DNA community has developed several protocols targeting small DNA fragments that are typically present in decomposed or old specimens, only recently forensic geneticists have started to adopt those protocols. Here, we compare an ancient DNA extraction protocol (Dabney) with a bone extraction method (Loreille) typically used in forensics. Real-time quantitative PCR and forensically representative typing methods including fragment size analysis and sequencing were used to assess protocol performance. We used four bone samples of different age in replicates to study the effects of both extraction methods. Our results confirm Loreille’s overall increased gain of DNA when enough tissue is available and Dabney’s improved efficiency for retrieving shorter DNA fragments that is beneficial when highly degraded DNA is present. The results suggest that the choice of extraction method needs to be based on available sample, degradation state, and targeted genotyping method. We modified the Dabney protocol by pooling parallel lysates prior to purification to study gain and performance in single tube typing assays and found that up to six parallel lysates lead to an almost linear gain of extracted DNA. These data are promising for further forensic investigations as the adapted Dabney protocol combines increased sensitivity for degraded DNA with necessary total DNA amount for forensic applications.

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Impact of Extraction Method on the Detection of Quality Biomarkers in Normal vs. DFD Meat

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1097

Author(s):

Laura González-Blanco ◽

Yolanda Diñeiro ◽

Andrea Díaz-Luis ◽

Ana Coto-Montes ◽

Mamen Oliván ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Protein Pattern ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Electrophoretic Pattern ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Sds Page ◽

Weight Protein ◽

Triton X ◽

Protein Extractability ◽

Selection Of

The objective of this work was to demonstrate how the extraction method affects the reliability of biomarker detection and how this detection depends on the biomarker location within the cell compartment. Different extraction methods were used to study the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar fractions of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle of young bulls of the Asturiana de los Valles breed in two quality grades, standard (Control) or dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat. Protein extractability and the expression of some of the main meat quality biomarkers—oxidative status (lipoperoxidation (LPO) and catalase activity (CAT)), proteome (SDS-PAGE electrophoretic pattern), and cell stress protein (Hsp70)—were analyzed. In the sarcoplasmic fraction, buffers containing Triton X-100 showed significantly higher protein extractability, LPO, and higher intensity of high-molecular-weight protein bands, whereas the TES buffer was more sensitive to distinguishing differences in the protein pattern between the Control and DFD meat. In the myofibrillar fraction, samples extracted with the lysis buffer showed significantly higher protein extractability, whereas samples extracted with the non-denaturing buffer showed higher results for LPO, CAT, and Hsp70, and higher-intensity bands in the electrophoretic pattern. These findings highlight the need for the careful selection of the extraction method used to analyze the different biomarkers considering their cellular location to adapt the extractive process.

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Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Using an Optimised Dual Extraction Process to Study Human Brain Cancer Cells and Tissues

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11040240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Alison Woodward ◽

Alina Pandele ◽

Salah Abdelrazig ◽

Catherine A. Ortori ◽

Iqbal Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Serum Starvation ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Metabolic Genes ◽

Dual Extraction

The integration of untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics from the same population of cells or tissue enhances the confidence in the identified metabolic pathways and understanding of the enzyme–metabolite relationship. Here, we optimised a simultaneous extraction method of metabolites/lipids and RNA from ependymoma cells (BXD-1425). Relative to established RNA (mirVana kit) or metabolite (sequential solvent addition and shaking) single extraction methods, four dual-extraction techniques were evaluated and compared (methanol:water:chloroform ratios): cryomill/mirVana (1:1:2); cryomill-wash/Econospin (5:1:2); rotation/phenol-chloroform (9:10:1); Sequential/mirVana (1:1:3). All methods extracted the same metabolites, yet rotation/phenol-chloroform did not extract lipids. Cryomill/mirVana and sequential/mirVana recovered the highest amounts of RNA, at 70 and 68% of that recovered with mirVana kit alone. sequential/mirVana, involving RNA extraction from the interphase of our established sequential solvent addition and shaking metabolomics-lipidomics extraction method, was the most efficient approach overall. Sequential/mirVana was applied to study a) the biological effect caused by acute serum starvation in BXD-1425 cells and b) primary ependymoma tumour tissue. We found (a) 64 differentially abundant metabolites and 28 differentially expressed metabolic genes, discovering four gene-metabolite interactions, and (b) all metabolites and 62% lipids were above the limit of detection, and RNA yield was sufficient for transcriptomics, in just 10 mg of tissue.

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Concept for controlled adjustment of residual stress states in semi-finished products by gradation extrusion

Archive of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1007/s00419-021-01937-x ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

René Selbmann ◽

Markus Baumann ◽

Mateus Dobecki ◽

Markus Bergmann ◽

Verena Kräusel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Residual Stress Distribution ◽

Forming Process ◽

Compressive Stresses ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

Stress States ◽

Set Up ◽

Time And Energy

AbstractThe residual stress distribution in extruded components and wires after a conventional forming process is frequently unfavourable for subsequent processes, such as bending operations. High tensile residual stresses typically occur near the surface of the wire and thus limit further processability of the material. Additional heat treatment operations or shot peening are often inserted to influence the residual stress distribution in the material after conventional manufacturing. This is time and energy consuming. The research presented in this paper contains an approach to influence the residual stress distribution by modifying the forming process for wire-like applications. The aim of this process is to lower the resulting tensile stress levels near the surface or even to generate compressive stresses. To achieve these residual compressive stresses, special forming elements are integrated in the dies. These modifications in the forming zone have a significant influence on process properties, such as degree of deformation and deformation direction, but typically have no influence on the diameter of the product geometry. In the present paper, the theoretical approach is described, as well as the model set-up, the FE-simulation and the results of the experimental tests. The characterization of the residual stress states in the specimen was carried out by X-ray diffraction using the sin2Ψ method.

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A Structural Analysis Based Feature Extraction Method for OCR System For Myanmar Printed Document Images

International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing ◽

10.4018/ijcvip.2012010102 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 16-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Htwe Pa Pa Win ◽

Phyo Thu Thu Khine ◽

Khin Nwe Ni Tun

Keyword(s):

Feature Extraction ◽

Structural Analysis ◽

Character Recognition ◽

Optical Character Recognition ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Recognition Performance ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Support Vector ◽

Svm Classifier ◽

Feature Extraction Method

This paper proposes a new feature extraction method for off-line recognition of Myanmar printed documents. One of the most important factors to achieve high recognition performance in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system is the selection of the feature extraction methods. Different types of existing OCR systems used various feature extraction methods because of the diversity of the scripts’ natures. One major contribution of the work in this paper is the design of logically rigorous coding based features. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, this paper assumed the documents are successfully segmented into characters and extracted features from these isolated Myanmar characters. These features are extracted using structural analysis of the Myanmar scripts. The experimental results have been carried out using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and compare the pervious proposed feature extraction method.

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Compositional Analysis and Aroma Evaluation of Feijoa Essential Oils from New Zealand Grown Cultivars

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24112053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 2053 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yaoyao Peng ◽

Karen Suzanne Bishop ◽

Siew Young Quek

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Initial Comparison

Feijoa is an aromatic fruit and the essential oil from feijoa peel could be a valuable by-product in the juicing industry. An initial comparison of the essential oil extraction methods, steam-distillation and hydro-distillation, was conducted. The volatile compounds in the essential oils from four feijoa cultivars were identified and semi-quantified by GC-MS and the aroma active compounds in each essential oil were characterized using SPME-GC-O-MS. Hydro-distillation, with a material to water ratio of 1:4 and an extraction time of 90 min, was the optimized extraction method for feijoa essential oil. The Wiki Tu cultivar produced the highest essential oil yield among the four selected cultivars. A total of 160 compounds were detected, among which 90 compounds were reported for the first time in feijoa essential oils. Terpenes and esters were dominant compounds in feijoa essential oil composition and were also major contributors to feijoa essential oil aroma. Key aroma active compounds in feijoa essential oils were α-terpineol, ethyl benzoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate, linalool, (E)-geraniol, 2-undecanone, 3-octanone, α-cubebene, and germacrene D. This is the first report on the optimization of the extraction method and the establishment of the aroma profile of feijoa essential oils, with a comparison of four New Zealand grown cultivars.

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Optimization of Protein Extraction Method for 2DE Proteomics of Goat’s Milk

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25112625 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 2625

Author(s):

Muzammeer Mansor ◽

Jameel R. Al-Obaidi ◽

Nurain Nadiah Jaafar ◽

Intan Hakimah Ismail ◽

Atiqah Farah Zakaria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Chloroform Solution ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Peptide Mass Fingerprinting ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Peptide Mass ◽

Goat's Milk

Two-dimensional electrophoretic (2DE)-based proteomics remains a powerful tool for allergenomic analysis of goat’s milk but requires effective extraction of proteins to accurately profile the overall causative allergens. However, there are several current issues with goat’s milk allergenomic analysis, and among these are the absence of established standardized extraction method for goat’s milk proteomes and the complexity of goat’s milk matrix that may hamper the efficacy of protein extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacies of three different protein extraction methods, qualitatively and quantitatively, for the 2DE-proteomics, using milk from two commercial dairy goats in Malaysia, Saanen, and Jamnapari. Goat’s milk samples from both breeds were extracted by using three different methods: a milk dilution in urea/thiourea based buffer (Method A), a triphasic separation protocol in methanol/chloroform solution (Method B), and a dilution in sulfite-based buffer (Method C). The efficacies of the extraction methods were assessed further by performing the protein concentration assay and 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE profiling, as well as identifying proteins by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS. The results showed that method A recovered the highest amount of proteins (72.68% for Saanen and 71.25% for Jamnapari) and produced the highest number of protein spots (199 ± 16.1 and 267 ± 10.6 total spots for Saanen and Jamnapari, respectively) with superior gel resolution and minimal streaking. Six milk protein spots from both breeds were identified based on the positive peptide mass fingerprinting matches with ruminant milk proteins from public databases, using the Mascot software. These results attest to the fitness of the optimized protein extraction protocol, method A, for 2DE proteomic and future allergenomic analysis of the goat’s milk.

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Methods to extract the exopolymeric matrix from biofilms: a comparative study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0365 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 243-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Joana Azeredo ◽

Valentina Lazarova ◽

Rosário Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Mixed Culture ◽

Pure Culture ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Suitable Method ◽

The Matrix ◽

Biofilm Matrix

To study the composition of a biofilm a previous extraction method is required to separate cells from the matrix. There are several methods reported in the literature; however they are not efficient or promote leakage of intracellular material. In this work several extraction methods were assayed in mixed culture and pure culture biofilms and their efficiency was evaluated by the amount of organic carbon, proteins and intracellular material extracted. The results showed that the extraction with glutaraldehyde 3% (w/v) was the most suitable method, extracting great amounts of organic carbon without promoting cell lysis or permeabilization. Glutaraldehyde is a bifunctional reagent that binds to cell walls avoiding their permeabilization and the biofilm matrix is solubilized in the solution.

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Are streamflow recession characteristics really characteristic?

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-17-817-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 817-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

M. Stoelzle ◽

K. Stahl ◽

M. Weiler

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Model Parameterization ◽

Recession Curves ◽

Recession Analysis ◽

Meso Scale

Abstract. Streamflow recession has been investigated by a variety of methods, often involving the fit of a model to empirical recession plots to parameterize a non-linear storage–outflow relationship based on the dQ/dt−Q method. Such recession analysis methods (RAMs) are used to estimate hydraulic conductivity, storage capacity, or aquifer thickness and to model streamflow recession curves for regionalization and prediction at the catchment scale. Numerous RAMs have been published, but little is known about how comparably the resulting recession models distinguish characteristic catchment behavior. In this study we combined three established recession extraction methods with three different parameter-fitting methods to the power-law storage–outflow model to compare the range of recession characteristics that result from the application of these different RAMs. Resulting recession characteristics including recession time and corresponding storage depletion were evaluated for 20 meso-scale catchments in Germany. We found plausible ranges for model parameterization; however, calculated recession characteristics varied over two orders of magnitude. While recession characteristics of the 20 catchments derived with the different methods correlate strongly, particularly for the RAMs that use the same extraction method, not all rank the catchments consistently, and the differences among some of the methods are larger than among the catchments. To elucidate this variability we discuss the ambiguous roles of recession extraction procedures and the parameterization of the storage–outflow model and the limitations of the presented recession plots. The results suggest strong limitations to the comparability of recession characteristics derived with different methods, not only in the model parameters but also in the relative characterization of different catchments. A multiple-methods approach to investigating streamflow recession characteristics should be considered for applications whenever possible.

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