MIGRATION AND CORONACRISIS: CONSEQUENCES, PROSPECTS, DIRECTIONS OF RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Olena Malynovska
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Migration Component ◽  
Additional Labor ◽  
Policy Solutions

Labor migration abroad has a significant impact on the socio-economic and demographic development of Ukraine. Therefore, awareness of the consequences of the pandemic for migration processes, taking into account the migration component in developing a strategy for overcoming the crisis is extremely important. The article focuses on finding the key answers to adequately respond to migration challenges. The question is: ‘How does the crisis affect the situation of migrants? How does the crisis affect the intensity and direction of migration flows? How will these changes affect the development of the Ukrainian economy and society?’ There is not enough data on the dynamics of modern international migration. Therefore, the review of the hypothetical migration situation, as well as the development of recommendations for possible policy solutions, are based not only on their analysis, but also on generalizing the effects of previous economic crises on migration processes, identification and extrapolation to modern realities of their essential characteristics. During the crisis, the demand for additional labor from abroad is declining, but this leads not so much to the return of migrants to their homeland, as to a decrease in emigration, but rather to its postponement. Not all countries and not all sectors of the economy are experiencing the crisis in the same way, so there is a flow of migrants from one area of employment to another, from the most affected by the crisis countries to more prosperous. It is not so much the power of migration flows that changes, but their direction and characteristics. The return of migrants to Ukraine has not become widespread, it is only temporary, moreover, if the economic situation in the country will deteriorate, and in the countries of destination economic recovery will be successful, labor migration may intensify. Given the continuing labor migration from Ukraine, the state should significantly intensify its efforts to protect the rights and interests of Ukrainian citizens abroad. It is necessary to ensure access of migrants to medical services, social assistance, unemployment benefits, etc., to intensify the negotiation process with the countries of residence of migrant workers. Particular attention needs to be paid to supporting the repatriation flow, which can help reduce the shortage of workers needed by the economy, to serve a faster way out of the crisis.

Labor Migration and Trafficking among Vietnamese Migrants in Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 653 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danièle Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Guest Worker ◽  
Bonded Labor ◽  
Migration Flows

Asia is known as a continent where human trafficking is particularly prevalent. Departing from the bulk of research on trafficking in Asia that focuses on illegal migration and prostitution, this article examines the embeddedness of human trafficking in legal temporary migration flows. This analysis uses survey and interview data to document the experiences of Vietnamese migrants who worked in East Asian countries. It identifies a continuum of trafficking, abuse, exploitation, and forced labor, and examines how exploitation begins at the recruitment stage with the creation of bonded labor. Guest-worker programs in destination countries put migrants in particularly precarious situations, which do, in some cases, qualify as trafficking. I argue that temporary migration programs may create the conditions that lead to extreme forms of exploitation among many legal migrant workers in the region.

scholarly journals Labor Migration from Ukraine to Poland: Regulatory Framework, Key Issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Yaryna Turchyn ◽  
Teresa Astramowicz-Leyk ◽  
Olha Ivasechko
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Donor State

The article deals with the conceptions of the international migration, focusing on the most relevant strategies in terms of migrant workers adaptation. The authors analyse the following conceptions: the “Pull/Push” theory, Adaptation (acculturation) Strategy, Relative Inequality Theory of Migration, the Human Capital Theory. Legal framework of Ukraine and Poland in the sphere of labor migration regulation, including set of legal acts, adopted by both countries in order to minimize possible negative outcomes caused by evolving migration flows have been analyzed. The main “pushing” migration factors of the donor countries and “pulling” factors of the recipients are clarified. The main motive for migrating to Poland is to form a so-called "airbag" for their families in Ukraine. The point is that thanks to remittances, clothes, food, etc., Ukrainian labor migrants form a sense of confidence in the future of their family members in the “era of poverty”, which is identified with the Ukrainian state. The positive and negative consequences of the migration flows intensification of Ukrainian workers for both Ukraine and Poland are highlighted. Future scenarios for modeling migration flows are shaped, namely: optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic and the Covid-19 migration pattern. Recommendations for strengthening the effectiveness of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in solving of the labor migration problems are suggested. The assessment of the trends of current migration policy of Warsaw has been carried out in accordance with multilateral MIPEX Index. Thus, migration policy is assessing as the “equality in the paper” and is rating lower (40/100 points) than average indicator among EU-countries. The conclusions assert that migration policy should be based on the principle of “tripartism” and serve the donor state, the recipient state and the migrants themselves.

scholarly journals MIGRANT WORKERS AS A RESOURCE FOR THE DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (390) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
S. V. Ryazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Migration Corridor

The article discusses the features of the demographic development of Russia and Kazakhstan in modern conditions and the medium term. The scientific problem of the study is to identify the features of the current stage and prospects of demographic development and the contribution of migration to the formation of the population and labor resources of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was revealed that Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan became the two largest countries for the reception of migrants in the Eurasian space. The prerequisites for large-scale and active labor migration to these states are demographic trends, growing labor requirements and the relatively successful economic development of the two countries. The key labor donors for both countries are currently Central Asian states. So, between the countries of the region on the one hand, Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the other hand, the Eurasian migration corridor has formed, which is currently one of the largest on a global scale. In both countries, it is necessary to strengthen the direction of migration policy associated with attracting labor migrants as a resource for demographic development. Despite the temporary stay in the host countries, many labor migrants pass into the category of permanent residents of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Russia, as the main host country, has not yet fully benefited from the demographic advantages of the Euro-Asian migration corridor. The country's migration policy remains quite tough and inadequate in the demographic situation. Although the approach seems to be declared at the state level that migration should be one of the development resources, many obstacles to the integration of migrants, including migrants from Central Asian countries, the main donor region, remain in the system of migration policy itself, in its mechanisms and implementation tools. The Republic of Kazakhstan, although it has not yet encountered the demographic problem in a form like Russia, can already consider labor migration as a resource for future development in pragmatic interests. It is noted that both Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan, as countries receiving labor migrants, should emphasize in their migration policy the integration of part of labor migrants into the host society.

LABOR MIGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 CRISIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-128
Author(s):  
Galina Semeko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Partnership Countries ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Quarantine measures and restrictions on movement associated with the spread of the COVID-19 virus have a serious impact on the mobility of the population in the EU, in particular on the labor migration. The pandemic highlighted the significant contribution of the migrant workforce to the keeping vital sections of the European economy operational, which necessitated a reassessment of its role and the adaptation of immigration policy. The article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the situation of migrant workers, their employment, wages, remittances to their homeland, as well as on the regulation of migration flows and immigration policy. The problems of labor migration from the Eastern Partnership countries to the EU countries are also considered.

Accesul lucrătorilor migranți cu statut iregular fără forme la dreptul la muncă

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2021) ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Nicolae SADOVEI ◽  
◽  
Mihail CEBOTARI
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
International Labor Migration ◽  
Irregular Migrant ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
And Control

International labor migration flows include a significant number of migrant workers who for specific reasons infringe residence rules in destination countries. These persons are considered to be the most vulnerable category of migrants, being prone to serious violations of their fundamental rights. States of destination have practically universally adopted policies to restrict and control irregular migration. In this context, the objective of this article is to establish the possibility for irregular migrant workers to benefit from the rights and results of their work, and to establish the limits and prohibitions that arise in the event of irregularity. The article examines both the international instruments and practice as well as regional and national approaches used by states in this field.

GLOBAL MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-32
Author(s):  
MAZARAKI Anatolii ◽  
MELNYK Tetiana ◽  
LOSHENIUK Oksana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
International Migrants ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Work Abroad

Background. To mitigate the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to develop an effective national policy and administrative framework that will promote regulated circular labor migration while maximizing the benefits of its effective organization and strengthening measures to protect Ukrainian citizens abroad and foreign migrants in Ukraine, creating conditions for the reintegration of Ukrainian migrants. The aim of the article is to study the changes in global migration flows due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of providing a scientific basis for reforming national migration policy. Materials and methods. In the course of the research the methods of statistical analysis, synthesis, grouping and graphical representation of the results have been used. Results. As a result of the analysis it is determined that the main trends in population migration in the world are: the largest share of the population migrating from developing countries to developed countries; continued increase in forced migration due to conflict, harassment, violence or human rights violations; most international migrants in the world live in a small number of countries; international migration often remains within the main regions; the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has slowed the growth of international migrants and millions of people have lost their jobs and returned home during lockdowns in destination countries, where the economic downturn is also continuing and unemployment is rising. It has been proven that the most favourable conditions for migrant workers, which proved to be the most vulnerable category during the pandemic, were created by European governments. The main preconditions for mass external labor migration from Ukraine are identified: dissatisfaction of Ukrainian citizens with wages, working conditions or vacancies, lack of jobs, socio-economic crisis, decline in production, lack of identified prospects and opportunities for development and self-realization. It is substantiated that the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect migration flows from Ukraine – the return of citizens did not become large-scale, the amount of remittances from abroad decreased slightly. Conclusion. In the future, the COVID-19 pandemic will have a short-term impact on external labor migration from Ukraine. With the spread of the disease, the intensity of Ukrainians going to work abroad will decrease, but if the epidemic ends, the flow will resume quickly. Even if the pandemic causes a global economic crisis and the demand for workers falls, the work of Ukrainian citizens will still be in demand by European countries for economic recovery. Therefore, the state migration policy at the present stage should be aimed at expanding opportunities for Ukrainians to legally work abroad, maintaining closer contacts with those who are in other countries, as well as encouraging citizens to work in Ukraine and convincing them of the expediency of return.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE TOOLS OF THE STATE MIGRATION POLICY IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Oksana LOSHENIUK
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Private Money ◽  
International Labor Migration ◽  
Money Transfers

Introduction. The study of the problem of international labor migration in Ukraine indicates the need for strategic planning and creation of such a state economic policy that would take into account as much as possible the interests of the country, its absolute and comparative advantages, and also approach to world standards. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the global trends of migration flows and the peculiarities of international labor migration in Ukraine in order to determine the priority directions of their regulation. Results. In this article the issue of regulation of international labor migration in Ukraine are investigated. The principles are analyzed and the main objectives of the Concept of the State Migration Policy in Ukraine (ensuring sustainable socio-economic and demographic development; satisfaction of the needs of the country’s economy in the human resources of the proper quality and in sufficient quantity; reduction of population losses due to emigration; protection of rights and interests of Ukrainian migrants abroad, development of close ties with them, use of the potential of diasporas in the interests of Ukraine’s development; the return of migrant workers, the creation of attractive conditions for the use of their currency savings in small and medium-sized enterprises, agriculture, housing construction, etc.; promotion of the repatriation of ethnic Ukrainians and their descendants, who come from other nationalities in Ukraine, that is, close to the language and culture of the population; a metered expansion of the admission of certain categories of economic immigrants on a temporary basis, the development of mechanisms that would enable, in accordance with certain criteria, the conversion of their temporary status into permanent; the attraction and effective use of private money transfers sent by migrants; adaptation of foreign migrants to socio-economic conditions in Ukraine, prevention of racism and xenophobia) are specified. Positive and negative effects of money transfers of migrants to Ukraine are presented. It is substantiated that the use of electronic payment systems (PayPal, WebMoney) will be an effective tool for reducing the cost of transfer. The experience of Poland in the sphere of regulation of immigration flows has been analyzed and it has been shown that its migration policy after the entry into the EU was aimed at the active involvement of emigrants, primarily from Ukraine and Belarus. The complex of directions on regulation of international labor migration has been formed and the tools of their implementation have been developed. Conclusion. Improving the tools of the state migration policy in Ukraine lies in the implementation of a more stringent immigration policy; attraction of labor migrants ready to invest in the economy of the country and foreign students on a paid basis; increasing the level of adaptation of international immigrants; the reduction of emigration (especially young people), the attraction of private money transfers and their implementation into the economy of Ukraine and the regulation of foreign employment of Ukrainian citizens.

Socio-economic effects of labor migration from small towns of Russia

2016 ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mkrtchyan ◽  
Y. Florinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Labor ◽  
Standardized Interview

The article examines labor migration from small Russian towns: prevalence of the phenomenon, the direction and duration of trips, spheres of employment and earnings of migrants, social and economic benefits of migration for households. The representative surveys of households and migrant-workers by a standardized interview were conducted in four selected towns. Authors draw a conclusion about high labor spatial mobility of the population of small towns and existence of positive effects for migrant’s households and the economy of towns themselves.

The Crisis and International Population Movement in Indonesia

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Potential Migrant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contract Labor

Indonesia is the country most affected by the Asian financial crisis which began in mid-1997 and has been the slowest to recover from it. In the present paper the effects of the first two and a half years of the crisis on international population movements influencing Indonesia are discussed. The crisis has increased economic pressures on potential migrant workers in Indonesia and the result has been increased out-movement. In both pre and post-crisis situations this was dominated by women, at least among official migrant workers. The crisis has tightened the labor market in some of Indonesia's main destination countries but the segmentation of the labor market in those countries has limited the impact of the crisis in reducing jobs in those countries. The crisis has created more pressure on undocumented migrants in destination countries but the extent of repatriation, while higher than in the pre-crisis situation, has been limited. The crisis has directly or indirectly affected other international movements influencing Indonesia including expatriate movement to Indonesia and longer-term, south-north migration out of the country. The policy implications of these changes are discussed including the fact that the crisis has led to an increased appreciation of the importance of contract labor migration by government and greater attention being paid to improving the system for migrants themselves and the country as a whole.

scholarly journals Methods of Ukrainian labor migrants reintegration in the context of state migration policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Liubomyr ROMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The reintegration of migrant workers is the renewal and accelerated development of ties between the individual and the society, the economic and cultural systems, the restoration of the impact of the individual on socio-economic, socio-cultural and political processes and phenomena, increasing participation in the processes of sustainable development on the basis of introducing elements of economic culture countries of pre-migration. The methodological bases for improving the mechanisms of reintegration of labor migrants should be assessed on the basis of available political and legal support. The problem of labor migration has now taken on a national scale, which brings it out of the limits of the influence of any organization, cluster or individual state authority. The formulation of a strategy for regulating labor migration should be made on the basis of the status of this problem as a national one, therefore, requiring macroeconomic regulation, which will be supported by a strong institutional and regulatory framework. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of state migration policy. Results. Theoretical aspects of reintegration of labor migrants are covered. The content analysis of the legal acts of the President of Ukraine is carried out. A number of significant legal acts that have or can have a significant impact on state migration policy are characterized. The peculiarities of the functioning of the central executive body, which implements the state policy in the sphere of migration, and the recent changes in determining the range of subjects of formation and implementation of the state policy in the sphere of labor migration are analyzed. The importance of regulating the issue of investments earned during the emigration of funds into the national economy is substantiated. Conclusion. According to the conducted research, the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of the state migration policy is formed under the influence of debates about the factors, directions and forms of support of the respective processes by the state authorities. We believe that the main disadvantage of reintegration institutional support is the lack of a unified approach to the role and importance of repatriates for the sustainable development of the national economy. In our opinion, this approach should be consolidated in the form of the Law of Ukraine with a clear definition of the subjects of assistance to repatriation and reintegration of labor migrants, as well as to strengthen with additional measures of informational, organizational character, tax privileges for investing the money earned abroad for search, development of employers of skilled migrant workers returning to Ukraine.

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