scholarly journals STUDYING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PROBIOTIC INTENDED AGAINST BRUCELLOSIS IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF COLIBACTERIOSIS, SALMONELLOSIS AND PASTERELLOSIS IN EXPERIMENT ON WHITE MICE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Н. ГАВРИЛОВА ◽  
И.А. РАТНИКОВА ◽  
А.В. АЛИМБЕТОВА ◽  
С.Э. ОРАЗЫМБЕТ ◽  
Л.А. КОШЕЛЕВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Causative Agents

Отобрана ассоциация из молочнокислых бактерий Lactobacillus plantarum14д/19+Lactobacillus plantarum 14д/87+Lactobacillus brevis Б-3/43 для лечения и профилактики бруцеллеза, обладающая устойчивостью к используемым антибиотикам, высокой антагонистической активностью к возбудителям бруцеллеза и кишечных инфекций. Установлено, что применение пробиотика c профилактической и лечебной целью значительно снижает индекс инфицированности и интенсивность обсемененности внутренних органов мышей, экспериментально зараженных высоковирулентным штаммом бруцелл B. melitensis 16M. Целью настоящих исследований было изучение на экспериментально зараженных белых мышах лечебно-профилактической эффективности разработанного пробиотика в отношении кишечных инфекций (колибактериоз, сальмонеллез) и геморрагической септицемии (пастереллёз). В результате проведенных исследований установлена высокая профилактическая и терапевтическая эффективность пробиотика как в сочетании с антибиотиком, так и без него, по отношению к возбудителям кишечных инфекций и пастереллёза. Это позволяет рекомендовать пробиотик для профилактики и эффективного лечения кишечных и острых септических инфекций у сельскохозяйственных животных. Применение пробиотика в ветеринарной практике позволит повысить резистентность организма животных, снизить заболеваемость молодняка кишечными и респираторными инфекционными болезнями, улучшить экологическую ситуацию в хозяйстве вследствие кратковременного выделения микроорганизмов во внешнюю среду, предотвратить заражение здоровых животных и обсемененность окружающей среды. Использование пробиотика для профилактики и лечения инфекционных заболеваний сельскохозяйственных животных снизит их лечение антибиотиками, что позволит предотвратить формирование субклинических, латентных форм инфекции и бактерионосительства. An association of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 14d / 19 + Lactobacillus plantarum 14d / 87 + Lactobacillus brevis B-3/43 was selected for the treatment and prevention of brucellosis, which is resistant to the antibiotics used, with high antagonistic activity against pathogens of brucellosis and intestinal infections. It has been established that the use of a probiotic for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes significantly reduces the infection index and the intensity of contamination of the internal organs of mice experimentally infected with a highly virulent strain of brucella B. melitensis 16M. The aim of these studies was to study the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of the developed probiotic against intestinal infections (colibacillosis, salmonellosis) and hemorrhagic septicemia (pasteurellosis) on experimentally infected white mice. As a result of the studies, a high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the probiotic was established both in combination with an antibiotic and without it in relation to causative agents of intestinal infections and pasteurellosis. This allows us to recommend a probiotic for the prevention and effective treatment of intestinal and acute septic infections in farm animals. The use of a probiotic in veterinary practice will increase the resistance of the animal body, reduce the incidence of intestinal and respiratory infectious diseases in young animals, improve the ecological situation in the farm due to the short-term release of microorganisms into the external environment, and prevent contamination of healthy animals and contamination of the environment. The use of a probiotic for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of will reduce the treatment of animals with antibiotics, which will prevent the formation of subclinical, latent forms of infection and bacterial carriage.

scholarly journals Current trends in paediatric infections in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Lobzin ◽  
S. V. Rychkova ◽  
A. N. Uskov ◽  
N. V. Skripchenko ◽  
V. V. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Comparative Dynamics ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Russian Federation

The onset of 2020 clearly demonstrated that infection agents pose a major threat to mankind. Current infectiology is shaped by resurrection of “old” seemingly forgotten infections, emergence of “new” infection agents, unusual combinations of known agents, evolving resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs, transformation of human microbiome leading to distortions in herd immunity and, ultimately, emergence of healthcare-related infectious diseases, not letting alone threats of bioterror. Infection agents evolve together with mankind. Novel facets emerge in infectiology, alongside with trends in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases that become more diverse as the list of pathogens grows. Human and infection agent links extend beyond antagonistic relations towards symbiosis. Microorganisms adapt quickly in the new technogenic environment giving rise to novel pathogens and making it unlikely for the mankind to get free from infections any time soon.The total economic damage from infectious diseases increases by year, despite continuous improvement in therapy. Infectious mortality in children aged 0 to 14 years is the top fourth among other causes of death. The work assesses comparative dynamics of “common” childhood infections in the Russian Federation during 2018–2020. We analyse official statistics on paediatric infectious morbidity, comparative dynamics of main infectious diseases (acute respiratory diseases, intestinal infections of bacterial and viral nature, neuroinfections, anthropozoonotic infections, viral hepatitises), assess trends in morbidity of vaccine-preventable infections in children and adults in the Russian Federation, with greater detail towards selected regions, from January 2018 to April 2020.

Role of probiotic fodder additive in determining productivity and assessing the health of agricultural bird

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
T. N. Lenkova ◽  
◽  
I. N. Nikonov ◽  
M. V. Selina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Scientific Group ◽  
And Control

This article presents the results of a study on testing a promising feed supplement based on a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum, with a high antagonistic activity for campylobacter. Probiotics now refers to live microbial feed additives that improve the health and productivity of farm animals. Probiotics can improve the growth rate of broiler chickens and control or prevent intestinal diseases, including salmonellosis, necrotic enteritis, and coccidiosis Scientific and industrial experience was carried out on broilers of the Cobb XNUMX cross country from daily to XNUMX days of age. As a result of research conducted by the scientific group, it was shown that feeding broiler chickens with a probiotic feed additive based on Lactobacillus plantarum helps to increase their productivity during the entire growing cycle and have a beneficial effect on the health status of farm birds.

The drug Argovit for treatment of piglets when intestinal infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
V. I. Raitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basic Drug ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Experimental Group

The drug Argovit developed in the LLC Vector-Vita Research and Production Center has antimicrobial and astringent properties, easily fits into the technology of housing farm animals and poultry in cases of uncomplicated colibacteriosis and is effective in isolated use, it is cheaper than other drugs, which makes it attractive in the modern market of biological products. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the drug Argovit for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of piglets in comparison with the basic drug Baitril used in the farm. Piglets of the experimental group (n=20) with the syndrome of gastrointestinal diseases have been treated with 1,0 % aqueous solution of the drug Argovit at a dose of 2 ml/kg of live weight 2 times a day until clinical recovery. The drug contributed to a lighter course and reduced the duration of the disease by half, while the livability of piglets reached 90,0 %. There was also a weakening of inflammatory processes in the body of piglets of both groups, which was characterized by the decrease in the level of leukocytes in piglets of the experimental group during treatment from 12,9±0,75 to 10,1±0,89×10⁹/l, and in the control group from 11,3±1,20 to 9,0±0,04×10⁹/l. The platelet content in animals at the beginning of the experiment was slightly higher than the lower limit of the norm in the experimental group by 1,8 %, in the control group by 4,7 %. At the same time, the restoration of homeostasis and the decrease in the level of protein in the blood serum have been observed. It has been found that the use of the drug Argovit to piglets during the suckling period and after weaning improves the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood due to the protective forces of protein by 4,7 %, reduces the phenomena of diarrhea, and as a result increases their livability.

THE ROLE OF PHAGE THERAPY IN THE FORMATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROECOSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Gladkov S.F. ◽  
Perevoshchikova N.K. ◽  
Chernykh N.S. ◽  
Pichugina Yu.S. ◽  
Surkova M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Selective Decontamination ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Individual

The current adverse situation associated with the presence of a pandemic of allergic diseases is due to the lack of a scientifically based concept of treatment and prevention. The increased interest of researchers from different countries in the formation of immunological tolerance by modeling the intestinal microbiota is of high importance. Methods of influence on the microbial communities of the child's intestine should be as delicate as possible, taking into account the individual genetic characteristics of the microecosystem and the possibility of anaphylaxis. Until now, probiotic drugs have been widely used to correct dysbiosis, but data is gradually accumulating that there is no convincing evidence base for their use for the treatment and prevention of atopy. The use of bacteriophages is very relevant and one of the promising, actively studied areas of correction of intestinal biocenosis today, which are an alternative to antibiotic and probiotic medications. Selective decontamination of representatives of opportunistic flora, as the main factor in the implementation of the atopic phenotype, makes it possible to preserve and accelerate the formation of a unique and individual composition of the intestinal microbiota of the child, which can form an immunoregulatory balance. More than a century of experience in the use of bacteriophages indicates the safety of their use. Today, bacteriophages are actively used in various fields of practical medicine − obstetrics-gynecology, perinatology, urology, pediatric otorhinolaryngology, in the treatment of purulent-septic and intestinal infections. In some cases, bacteriophages are very effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The active personalized use of bacteriophages in real clinical practice will make it possible to solve a number of serious, long-standing health problems in the Russian Federation and to win a world priority in this direction.

Nanoparticles and Its Implications in HIV/AIDS Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor B. Oti
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

The use of Antiretroviral drugs in treating HIV/ AIDS patients has enormously increased their life spans with serious disadvantages. The virus infection still remains a public health problem worldwide with no cure and vaccine for the viral agent until now. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS is an emerging technology of the 21st century. NPs are solid and colloid particles with 10 nm to <1000 nm size range; although, less than 200 nm is the recommended size for nanomedical usage. There are NPs with therapeutic capabilities such as liposomes, micelles, dendrimers and nanocapsules. The particle enters the body mainly via oral intake, direct injection and inhalation. It has been proven to have potentials of advancing the prevention and treatment of the viral agent. Certain NPs have been shown to have selftherapeutic activity for the virus in vitro. Strategies that are novel are emerging which can be used to improve nanotechnology, such as genetic treatment and immunotherapy. In this review, nanoparticles, the types and its characteristics in drug delivery were discussed. The light was furthermore shed on its implications in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Search for Promising Strains of Probiotic Microbiota Isolated from Different Biotopes of Healthy Cats for Use in the Control of Surgical Infections

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Pavel Rudenko ◽  
Yuriy Vatnikov ◽  
Nadezhda Sachivkina ◽  
Andrei Rudenko ◽  
Evgeny Kulikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Surgical Infection ◽  
Surgical Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Despite the introduction of modern methods of treatment, the creation of new generations of antibacterial agents, and the constant improvement of aseptic and antiseptic methods, the treatment of purulent–inflammatory processes remains one of the most complex and urgent problems in veterinary practice. The article presents the results of the isolation of indigenous microbiota from various biotopes of healthy cats, as well as the study of their biological marker properties for the selection of the most optimal strains in probiotic medicines for the control of surgical infections. It was demonstrated that isolated cultures of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which we isolated, revealed high sensitivity to antibiotics of the β-lactam group (excepting L. acidophilus No. 24, L. plantarum “Victoria” No. 22, L. rhamnosus No. 5, L. rhamnosus No. 20, and L. rhamnosus No. 26, which showed a significant variability in sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of this group, indicating the great potential of these microorganisms) and resistance to aminoglycosides, lincosamides, and fluoroquinolones (with the exception of gatifloxacin, which showed high efficiency in relation to all lactic acid microorganisms). The adhesive properties of the isolated lactobacteria and bifidobacteria were variable, even within the same species. It was found that the B. adolescentis No. 23 strain of the Bifidobacterium genus, as well as the L. plantarum No. 8, L. plantarum “Victoria” No. 22, L. rhamnosus No. 6, L. rhamnosus No. 26, L. acidophilus No. 12, and L. acidophilus No. 24 strains of the Lactobacillus genus had the highest adhesive activity. Thus, when conducting a detailed analysis of the biological marker properties of candidate cultures (determining their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, studying the adhesive properties, and antagonistic activity in relation to causative agents of surgical infection in cats), it was found that the most promising are L. plantarum “Victoria” No. 22, L. rhamnosus No. 26, and L. acidophilus No. 24.

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

scholarly journals Prevention and Treatment of Phlebitis Secondary to the Insertion of a Peripheral Venous Catheter: A Scoping Review from a Nursing Perspective

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Aitana Guanche-Sicilia ◽  
María Sánchez-Gómez ◽  
María Castro-Peraza ◽  
José Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Juan Gómez-Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Intravenous Therapy ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Peripheral Venous Catheter ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The objective of this work was to identify available evidence on nursing interventions for the prevention and treatment of phlebitis secondary to the insertion of a peripheral venous catheter. For this, a scoping systematic review was carried out following the guidelines in the PRISMA declaration of documents published between January 2015 and December 2020. The search took place between December 2020 and January 2021. Scielo, Pubmed, Medline, Scopus, WOS, CINHAL, LILACS, and Dialnet databases were consulted, and CASPe, AGREE, and HICPAC tools were used for the critical reading. A total of 52 studies were included to analyze nursing interventions for treatment and prevention. Nursing interventions to prevent phlebitis and ensure a proper catheter use included those related to the maintenance of intravenous therapy, asepsis, and choosing the dressing. With regard to the nursing interventions to treat phlebitis, these were focused on vigilance and caring and also on the use of medical treatment protocols. For the prevention of phlebitis, the highest rated evidence regarding asepsis include the topical use of >0.5% chlorhexidine preparation with 70% alcohol or 2% aqueous chlorhexidine, a proper hygienic hand washing, and the use clean gloves to handle connections and devices. Actions that promote the efficacy and safety of intravenous therapy include maintenance of venous access, infusion volume control, verification of signs of phlebitis during saline solution and medication administration, and constant monitoring. It is recommended to remove any catheter that is not essential. Once discharged from hospital, it will be necessary to warn the patient about signs of phlebitis after PVC removal.

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