Gastroprotective Effect of Conocarpus Erectus Plus Omega-3 on Experimentally Induced Ulcer in Rats

There has been a dearth of research on the gastroprotective effect of Conocarpus erectus in the literature so the current study was designed to estimate the ability of Conocarpus erectus (C. erectus) leaves extract alone and in combination with omega-3 regarding gastroprotective effects. A total of 30 male rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). All animals induced gastric ulcer by 80 mg/kg of naproxen orally twice a day for three consecutive days. At the same time, the animals treated orally with 175 mg/kg omega-3, 250 mg/kg C. erectus, 80 mg omega-3 + 150 mg C. erectus, 10 mg/kg of lansoprazole, and 2 ml/kg of DMSO were named T1, T2, T3, T4, and TC, respectively. The obtained results of the present study indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponin, and tannin as active ingredients in C. erectus leaves extract. Consequently, C. erectus seemed to have the potential of chelating metals in a concentration-dependent manner. Gross and histopathology findings showed the highly protective capability of C. erectus and omega-3 against ulcerative lesion, compared to the time each was used alone. The outcomes of the current study indicated that using C. erectus alone or plus omega-3 can protect the gastric mucosa from the ulceration induced by naproxen, and the chelating properties of C. erectus.

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Protective Effect of Ocotillol, the Derivate of Ocotillol-Type Saponins in Panax Genus, against Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats Based on Untargeted Metabolomics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21072577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 2577 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cuizhu Wang ◽

Yuze Yuan ◽

He Pan ◽

Alan Chen-Yu Hsu ◽

Jinluan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Gastroprotective Effect ◽

Epidermal Growth ◽

Oxide Synthase

Gastric ulcer (GU), a prevalent digestive disease, has a high incidence and is seriously harmful to human health. Finding a natural drug with a gastroprotective effect is needed. Ocotillol, the derivate of ocotillol-type saponins in the Panax genus, possesses good anti-inflammatory activity. The study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of ocotillol on acetic acid-induced GU rats. The serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), the gastric mucosa levels of epidermal growth factor, superoxide dismutase and NO were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastric mucosa for pathological changes and immunohistochemical staining of ET-1, epidermal growth factor receptors and inducible nitric oxide synthase were evaluated. A UPLC-QTOF-MS-based serum metabolomics approach was applied to explore the latent mechanism. A total of 21 potential metabolites involved in 7 metabolic pathways were identified. The study helps us to understand the pathogenesis of GU and to provide a potential natural anti-ulcer agent.

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The activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors downregulates transient outward potassium and L-type calcium currents in rat models of depression

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00092.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 313 (2) ◽

pp. C187-C196 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xin Liu ◽

Shaobo Shi ◽

Hongjie Yang ◽

Chuan Qu ◽

Yuting Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Ventricular Arrhythmia ◽

Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽

Calcium Currents ◽

Male Rats ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Mk 801 ◽

Nmdar Activation

Major depression is an important clinical factor in ventricular arrhythmia. Patients diagnosed with major depression overexpress N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Previous studies found that chronic NMDAR activation increases susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. We aimed to explore the mechanisms by which NMDAR activation may increase susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. Male rats were randomly assigned to either normal environments as control (CTL) group or 4 wk of chronic mild stress (CMS) to produce a major depression disorder (MDD) model group. After 4 wk of CMS, depression-like behaviors were measured in both groups. Varying doses (1–100 μM) of NMDA and 10 μM NMDA antagonist (MK-801) were perfused through ventricular myocytes isolated from MDD rats to measure the L-type calcium current ( ICa-L) and transient outward potassium current ( Ito). Structural remodeling was assessed using serial histopathology including Masson’s trichrome dye. Electrophysiological characteristics were evaluated using Langendorff perfusion. Depression-like behaviors were observed in MDD rats. MDD rats showed longer action potential durations at 90% repolarization and higher susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias than CTL rats. MDD rats showed lower ICa-L and Ito current densities than CTL rats. Additionally, NMDA reduced both currents in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas there was no significant impact on the currents when perfused with MK-801. MDD rats exhibited significantly more fibrosis areas in heart tissue and reduced expression of Kv4.2, Kv4.3, and Cav1.2. We observed that acute NMDAR activation led to downregulation of potassium and L-type calcium currents in a rat model of depression, which may be the mechanism underlying ventricular arrhythmia promotion by depression.

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Gastroprotective Effect of Ethanol Extracts from Bark of Magnolia officinalis on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage in Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6688414 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Xiao Wang ◽

Shu Fu ◽

Chen Zhang ◽

Xin Nie ◽

Wan Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽

Gastric Injury ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Gastroprotective Effect ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Magnolia Officinalis

Background. Magnolia officinalis Rehd. and Wils. is widely used in Asian countries because of its multiple pharmacological effects. This study investigated the gastroprotective effect and mechanisms of the ethanol extracts from the bark of Magnolia officinalis (MOE) against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Methods. MOE was prepared by reflux extraction with 70% ethanol, and its main compounds were analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of MOE in vitro. The gastroprotective effects of MOE were evaluated by the area of gastric injury, H&E (hematoxylin-eosin), and PAS (periodic acid-Schiff). The mechanism was explored by measuring the levels of cytokines and protein in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Results. 30 compounds were identified from MOE, mainly including lignans and alkaloids. MOE presented a high antioxidant activity in several oxidant in vitro systems. Gastric ulcer index and histological examination showed that MOE reduced ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in a dose-dependent manner. MOE pretreatment significantly restored the depleted activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the gastric tissue in rats. In addition, MOE also inhibited the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions. The gastroprotective effect of MOE was attributed to the inhibition of oxidative stress and the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. The results provided substantial evidence that MOE could be a promising phytomedicine for gastric ulcer prevention.

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Resolvin E1, an EPA-derived mediator in whole blood, selectively counterregulates leukocytes and platelets

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2007-11-122598 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 848-855 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

Maria Dona ◽

Gabrielle Fredman ◽

Jan M. Schwab ◽

Nan Chiang ◽

Makoto Arita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Human Platelet ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Lipid Mediator ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Chemokine Production ◽

Thromboxane Receptor

Abstract Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is an omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)–derived lipid mediator generated during resolution of inflammation and in human vasculature via leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. RvE1 possesses anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions. Here, we report that RvE1 in human whole blood rapidly regulates leukocyte expression of adhesion molecules. RvE1 in the 10- to 100-nM range stimulated L-selectin shedding, while reducing CD18 expression in both neutrophils and monocytes. When added to whole blood, RvE1 did not stimulate reactive oxygen species by either neutrophils or monocytes, nor did it directly stimulate cytokine/chemokine production in heparinized blood. Intravital microscopy (IVM) demonstrated that RvE1 rapidly reduced leukocyte rolling (∼ 40%) in venules of mice. In human platelet-rich plasma (PRP), RvE1 selectively blocked both ADP-stimulated and thromboxane receptor agonist U46619-stimulated platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, Δ6,14-trans-RvE1 isomer was inactive. RvE1 did not block collagen-stimulated aggregation, and regulation of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not further enhanced with aspirin treatment. These results indicate RvE1 is a potent modulator of leukocytes as well as selective platelet responses in blood and PRP, respectively. Moreover, the results demonstrate novel agonist-specific antiplatelet actions of RvE1 that are potent and may underlie some of the beneficial actions of EPA in humans.

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Anti-ulcerogenic effect of the methanol extract of Chasmanthera dependens (Hochst) stem on male Wistar rats

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 377-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephanie Abiola Tijani ◽

Samuel B. Olaleye ◽

Ebenezer O. Farombi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Male Rats ◽

Standard Drug

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress and free radical-mediated processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. This study investigated the ability of the methanol extract ofChasmanthera dependensto protect the gastric mucosal from oxidative damage induced by oral administration of indomethacin in rats.MethodsTheC. dependensstems were chopped into pieces, air-dried, and pulverized into powder. One kilogram of the powder was macerated in 1 L of methanol for 72 h. The mixture was filtered and evaporated using rotatory evaporator to obtain the extract ofC. dependens. Adult male rats were divided into eight groups of six animals per group and were pretreated orally with the methanol extract ofC. dependens(200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) or cimetidine (CIM), a standard drug (50 mg/kg), for 7 days. Gastric ulcer was induced orally with indomethacin. Ulcerogenic parameters, oxidative stress indices, and histopathological examination of the stomach were assessed to monitor the gastroprotective potential ofC. dependensstem.ResultsIndomethacin caused severe gastric mucosa damage and significant reduction in the gastric mucosa antioxidant system with concomitant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment with the methanol extract ofC. dependensor CIM significantly reduced the formation of ulcer at the different doses administered. Similarly, pretreatments with the extract or CIM improved the antioxidant system, decreased acid output, lipid peroxidation, and improved the architecture of the gastric mucosa in ulcerated rats.ConclusionsThe results show the gastroprotective effect of the methanolic extract ofC. dependens, which may be attributed to its antioxidant properties.

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Effectiveness of Opuntia ficus indica L. inermis Seed Oil in the Protection and the Healing of Experimentally Induced Gastric Mucosa Ulcer

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/1568720 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ikram Khémiri ◽

Lotfi Bitri

Keyword(s):

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Gastric Juice ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Healing Process ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽

Therapeutic Benefits ◽

Gastric Juice Volume

Gastric ulcer is a painful lesion of the gastric mucosa which can be disabling, or even more very serious in the case of a perforation of the stomach and internal hemorrhage. Traditional pharmacopeias have shown the efficacy of various plant extracts in the treatment of this pathology. Some extracts from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) have been proven to have medicinal therapeutic benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive and curative effects of OFI seed oil extracted by cold pressing on an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Gastroprotective activities of the oil were assessed as pretreatments prior to ethanol gavage of Wistar rats compared to reference drugs. Two oil dose effects were tested. Ulcer and gastric parameters were measured (ulcerated areas (mm2), % of ulcer inhibition, gastric juice volume and pH, and mucus weight). Macroscopical and microscopical assessments of the stomachs as well as gastric biopsy histological studies were carried out. OFI oil exhibited a high efficiency in the protection of the cytoarchitecture and function of the gastric mucosa against the severe damages provoked by ethanol intake. Ulcerated areas were very significantly reduced and the % of ulcer inhibition was the highest under OFI oil pretreatment. Mucus production was stimulated, gastric juice volume was reduced, and its pH was increased. Histopathological examination of H&E-stained biopsies collected from gastric mucosae from the different experimental groups confirmed the gastroprotective efficacy of OFI oil against ethanol-induced symptoms such as inflammation and damages like bleeding, erosions, lesions, necrosis, and ulcers. Furthermore, OFI oil treatment speeded-up the reduction of the surface of ethanol-induced ulcerated areas in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a time gain in the healing process. The healing rate reached 91% on day 2 and 99% on day 3, and a complete heal was attained at the fourth day under OFI oil treatment, while ulcer areas were still partially unhealed in all the other groups. The therapeutic effects of OFI oil against gastric ulcer could be mediated by its varied bioactive compounds that we have demonstrated in the analytical study. They could act synergistically or in a delayed manner to optimize the healing process through protective antioxidant properties, as well as an antagonism against histamine H2-receptors, a stimulation of the signaling pathways necessary for mucus and bicarbonate production, and reduction of inflammatory processes in the gastric mucosa. Additionally, OFI oil fatty acids (especially unsaturated) and triacylglycerols contribute to the reconstruction and the repair of the cell membrane lipid bilayer during the gastric ulcer healing process.

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The haemato-protective effect of Piliostigma thonningii leaf extract on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosa ulcer in rats

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 1454

Author(s):

A. A. Asuk ◽

K. Dasofunjo ◽

M. N. Ugwu ◽

F. O. Adie

Keyword(s):

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Promising Result ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Hematological Indices ◽

Group I ◽

Piliostigma Thonningii

Background: Gastric ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder with global consequence, which is aggravated by an imbalance between the aggressive factors and factors that maintain the mucosal integrity. The role of Piliostigma thonningii leaf extract on hematological indices of indomethacin-induced gastric mucosa lesions in Wistar rats was examined.Methods: Thirty-six male rats were divided into six groups of 6 rats each. Group I, the normal control, II gastric ulcerated + cimetidine (standard control), III extract only (100mg/kg bwt), while IV, gastric ulcerated control, V gastric ulcerated + extract (100mg/kg bwt) and VI gastric ulcerated + extract (200mg/kg bwt). After 12 days of administration, gastric ulcer was then induced by oral administration of 40mg/kg bwt indomethacin to rats in groups II, IV, V and VI. The rats were sacrificed 12 hours after indomethacin treatment and blood collected for hematological assay.Results: The RBC count and Hb pattern were similar. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in RBC and Hb of the ulcer control group which was normalized on administration of 200mg/kg bwt of P. thonningii extract. The MCV of the ulcer lesion was significantly (P<0.05) reversed to normal by the extract.Conclusions: The P. thonningii leaf extract showed promising result by normalizing decreased levels in RBC and Hb caused by ulcer. Except for platelet counts, the WBC count and differential WBC counts were quite positive. It was able to reverse macrocytosis caused by ulcer lesions to normal, hence exhibiting a hemato-protective nature.

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Effect of intravascular ethanol on modulation of gastric mucosal integrity: possible role of endothelin-1

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.5.g785 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 262 (5) ◽

pp. G785-G790 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Masuda ◽

S. Kawano ◽

K. Nagano ◽

S. Tsuji ◽

Y. Ishigami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Perfusion Pressure ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Mucosal Injury ◽

Celiac Artery ◽

Ulcer Formation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Endothelin 1 ◽

Mucosal Integrity

The influences of intravascular ethanol on gastric mucosal integrity and its relation to gastric circulation were investigated in rats. Ulcer formation of the gastric mucosa correlated with the blood ethanol concentration in the presence of 150 mM HCl in the rat stomach. Furthermore, the gastric mucosal hemoglobin concentration (IHb) and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ISO2), estimated using organ reflectance spectrophotometry, decreased in a concentration-dependent manner with blood ethanol. In isolated, vascularly perfused rabbit stomach, various concentrations (10-400 mM) of ethanol infused into the celiac artery increased the perfusion pressure and released endothelin-1 (ET-1) from the gastric vasculature in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, a significant correlation existed between changes in the perfusion pressure and ET-1 concentration in effluents from the gastric vasculature. Furthermore, anti-ET-1 antibody reduced 100 mM ethanol-induced vasoconstriction in a concentration-dependent manner. The results indicate that intravascular ethanol increases the susceptibility of gastric mucosa to injury induced by intraluminal HCl by causing gastric vasoconstriction mediated by ET-1. Thus intravascular ethanol may play an important role in the mechanism of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury.

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Investigations to Evaluate Gastric Mucoadhesion of an Organic Product to Ameliorate Gastritis

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12040331 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 331

Author(s):

Christina Winter ◽

Sonja Hartl ◽

Dagmar Kolb ◽

Gerd Leitinger ◽

Eva Roblegg

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Network Formation ◽

Sessile Drop ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Protective Layer ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Organic Product ◽

Microscopy Technique

Gastritis is an inflammatory disease leading to abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. While therapy depends on etiology, adhesive agents protecting the gastric tissue represent a promising treatment option. Caricol®-Gastro is an organic product that significantly decreased gastritic abdominal pain in a recent clinical study. To investigate whether this beneficial effect can be attributed to the formation of a protective layer covering the gastric mucosa after oral application, several methods were used to determine adhesion. These include macro-rheological measurements and gastric mucin interactions, which were correlated to network formation, examined by Cryo-scanning electron microscopy technique, wettability via sessile drop method on human gastric adenocarcinoma cell layers, and ex vivo adhesion studies on gastric porcine tissue with the falling liquid film technique considering physiological conditions and Franz diffusion cells for quantification. The results showed that Caricol®-Gastro formed a stable viscoelastic network with shear thinning properties. It exhibited high wettability and spreadability and adhered to the excised gastric mucosa. We found that oat flour, as the main ingredient of Caricol®-Gastro, supports the gel network regarding viscoelasticity and, to a lesser extent, adhesion in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, our data highlight that a variety of coordinated methods are required to investigate gastric adhesion.

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Antichronic Gastric Ulcer Effect of Zinc-Baicalin Complex on the Acetic Acid-Induced Chronic Gastric Ulcer Rat Model

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2018/1275486 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hui Yang ◽

Yi Lu ◽

Xiao-Feng Zeng ◽

Ling Li ◽

Rong-Ping Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Rat Model ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Ulcer Index ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Zinc Gluconate ◽

Mda Content ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background. Baicalin (BA) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Zinc is a nutrient element. Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the antichronic gastric ulcer activity of Zn-Baicalin complex (BA-Zn) and its related mechanisms in an acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model. Results. The severely ulcerated gastric mucosa of model rats had lower GSH-Px (52.21 ± 7.13) and SOD (7.03 ± 0.10) activity, and higher MDA (2.39 ± 0.03) content compared to sham rats. BA-Zn reduced the gastric ulcer index in a dose-dependent manner, significantly increased SOD activity and GSH-Px level, and reduced the MDA content and IL-8 and TNF-α levels in the gastric mucosa. BA-Zn (6.5 and 13 mg/kg) exerted a greater antiulcerogenic effect than both BA and zinc-gluconate, leading to a reduced ulcer index (18.43 ± 1.11, 15.00 ± 1.44), decreased MDA content (1.33 ± 0.07, 0.63 ± 0.01), and increased SOD activity (17.62 ± 0.11, 20.12 ± 0.32) and GSH-Px levels (102.12 ± 9.11, 120.25 ± 9.07). In addition, our results from Western blot suggested that BA-Zn (6.5 and 13 mg/kg) has a greater antiulcerogenic effect than both BA and zinc-gluconate. Conclusion. The BA-Zn complex possesses greater antichronic gastric ulcer properties compared to BA and zinc-gluconate due to its ability of oxidation resistance and anti-inflammatory effects.

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