scholarly journals Characteristic features of Orissa super cyclone of 29th October, 1999 as observed through CDR Paradip

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
S. R. KALSI ◽  
K. B. SRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
Maximum Reflectivity ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Super Cyclone ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Observing Systems

lkj & bl 'kks/k&Ik= esa 29 vDrwcj] 1999 esa mM+hlk ds rV ij vk, egkpØokr ds Øfed fodkl ds jsMkj ls izkIr gq, vfHky{k.kksa dks izysf[kr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA 280800 ;w- Vh- lh- vkSj 290200 ;w- Vh- lh- ds e/; fy, x, 18 ?kaVs dh vof/k ds ih- ih- vkbZ- fp=ksa ls rS;kj fd, x, /kzqoh; vkjs[kksa ds fo’ys"k.k ls bl egkpØokr ds Øfed fodkl ds jkspd igyqvksa dk irk pyk gSA bl fo’ys"k.k ls izkIr gq, izcyhdj.k ds ladsr izs{k.k dh vU; iz.kkfy;ksa ds mi;ksx ls izkIr gq, fo’ys"k.kksa ds vuq:Ik ik, x, gSaA An attempt is made to document the radar observed features of evolution of super cyclone that hit Orissa on 29 October, 1999.  Analysis of polar diagrams comprising of hourly PPI images taken between 280800 UTC and 290200 UTC reveals interesting aspects of development of this Super Cyclone in terms of waxing and waning of eye size in relation to intensification process.  The smallest radius of maximum reflectivity is in conformity with the colossal death toll observed close to the track of the super cyclone.  Structural changes observed through radar images are in conformity with intensify changes as seen through other observing systems.

scholarly journals Electronic Circular Dichroism of the Cas9 Protein and gRNA:Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2937
Author(s):  
Monika Halat ◽  
Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka ◽  
Jagoda Orleanska ◽  
Malgorzata Baranska ◽  
Rafal Baranski
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electronic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Cas9 Protein ◽  
Rnp Complex ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 protein (SpCas9), a component of CRISPR-based immune system in microbes, has become commonly utilized for genome editing. This nuclease forms a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with guide RNA (gRNA) which induces Cas9 structural changes and triggers its cleavage activity. Here, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy was used to confirm the RNP formation and to determine its individual components. The ECD spectra had characteristic features differentiating Cas9 and gRNA, the former showed a negative/positive profile with maxima located at 221, 209 and 196 nm, while the latter revealed positive/negative/positive/negative pattern with bands observed at 266, 242, 222 and 209 nm, respectively. For the first time, the experimental ECD spectrum of the gRNA:Cas9 RNP complex is presented. It exhibits a bisignate positive/negative ECD couplet with maxima at 273 and 235 nm, and it differs significantly from individual spectrum of each RNP components. Additionally, the Cas9 protein and RNP complex retained biological activity after ECD measurements and they were able to bind and cleave DNA in vitro. Hence, we conclude that ECD spectroscopy can be considered as a quick and non-destructive method of monitoring conformational changes of the Cas9 protein as a result of Cas9 and gRNA interaction, and identification of the gRNA:Cas9 RNP complex.

Structural changes in the modern urban lifestyle

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Madina Arif kyzy Mekhdieva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Historical Nature

The article deals with the issues of urban settlements and urban lifestyle from the point of view of structural changes under the influence of transformational processes in the development of productive forces, tools and means of production. The author notes the historical nature of this process associated with the geographical environment, resources and migration flows under the influence of the development of capitalist relations. Some peculiarities of lifestyle in Baku as a city with an ancient history, with a number of characteristic features of a distinctive way of life, combining the traditions of several generations and different civilizations, are analyzed.

scholarly journals A Study of the Interaction between Typhoon Francisco (2013) and a Cold-Core Eddy. Part I: Rapid Weakening

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanhong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Convective Bursts ◽  
Cold Core

Abstract Typhoon Francisco (2013) experienced unusually rapid weakening (RW) with its maximum surface wind decreasing by 45 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) over 24 h as measured from the satellite-derived advanced Dvorak technique (ADT) dataset, which is more than twice the weakening rate defined as RW by DeMaria. The mechanisms leading to the extreme RW event of Francisco are examined based on observational analysis and simulations by coupling the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, version 3.7, with the Stony Brook Parallel Ocean Model (sbPOM). The RW of Francisco took place in a relatively favorable atmospheric environment while passing over detrimental oceanic conditions, dominated by the presence of a cold-core eddy. The passages of two prior typhoons apparently intensified the cold-core eddy, contributing to a major role of eddy feedback on RW for Francisco. The structural changes in Francisco accompanying eddy interaction are characterized by a substantially enlarged eye size, which evolved from ~20 to ~100 km in diameter, as indicated from satellite images. Numerical simulations suggest that the eddy is prominent in weakening the intensity of Francisco during the storm–eddy interaction, with its role less significant but still comparable to that of the cold wake. Both the cooler water and stronger upward motion in the eddy lead to a larger sea surface temperature decrease induced by Francisco, which results in a nearly 50% decrease of surface enthalpy flux, suppressed convective bursts, and a 50% reduction in latent heat release. These results underscore the potential importance of open-ocean, cold-core eddies in contributing to the RW of tropical cyclones.

scholarly journals Aberrant environment and PS-binding to calnuc C-terminal tail drives exosomal packaging and its metastatic ability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravichandran Vignesh ◽  
Anita Sjölander ◽  
Ganesh Venkataraman ◽  
Suresh Kumar Rayala ◽  
Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Molten Globule ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Key Events

The characteristic features of cancer cells are aberrant (acidic) intracellular pH and elevated levels of phosphatidylserine. The primary focus of cancer research is concentrated on the discovery of biomarkers directed towards early diagnosis and therapy. It has been observed that azoxymethane-treated mice demonstrate an increased expression of calnuc (a multi-domain, Ca2+- and DNA-binding protein) in their colon, suggesting it to be a good biomarker of carcinogenesis. We show that culture supernatants from tumor cells have significantly higher amounts of secreted calnuc compared to non-tumor cells, selectively packaged into exosomes. Exosomal calnuc is causal for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and atypical migration in non-tumor cells, which are key events in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In vitro studies reveal a significant affinity for calnuc towards phosphatidylserine, specifically to its C-terminal region, leading to the formation of “molten globule” conformation. Similar structural changes are observed at acidic pH (pH 4), which demonstrates the role of the acidic microenvironment in causing the molten globule conformation and membrane interaction. On a precise note, we propose that the molten globule structure of calnuc caused by aberrant conditions in cancer cells to be the causative mechanism underlying its exosome-mediated secretion, thereby driving metastasis.

The New Wars: On the Return of a Historical Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-216
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Crime ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
New Wars ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Historical Model

The article is devoted to the development of the theory of “new wars.” The author maintains that the system for regulating war developed after the Peace of Westphalia (1648) has ceased to function under current conditions. The structural changes introduced in the new wars are: 1) re-commercialization of military violence, which once again turns war into an instrument for advancing certain (not necessarily political) interests; 2) merging military and criminal violence as warlords and their entourages make their living by profiting from war and forge alliances with international crime; 3) using strategic asymmetries in which the party with inferior power does not try to capture territory and win recognition by the state, but instead uses the expansion of the war (in space and time) to obtain advantages. The author analyses the Westphalian conception of sovereignty in which war and peace are understood as equally valid states for political aggregates. The transition from one to the another comes through an exercise of the will of the sovereign, whose right to wage war (jus ad bellum) is not limited to external campaigns (as the power of the Emperor or the Pope was in the Middle Ages). However, as war became accepted as a state monopoly, there was a codification of the rules of conducting it (jus in bello) that resulted in the adoption of the Geneva and Hague Conventions. The author also analyses the Thirty Years’ War as a typological model which differs from the Westphalian type by not being governed by a unitary regulatory system. The extraordinary duration and brutality of this type of conflict comes from blurring the boundaries between war and peace and between inter-state and civil war. The characteristic features of this non-Westphalian historical model are found in some modern wars, especially in the Middle East. The author develops this analogy and recommends using historical experience in order to prevent the conflicts in the Middle East in from merging into a single devastating war.

scholarly journals Structural changes of selected materials for glass industry after thermal loading

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 07011
Author(s):  
Františka Pešlová ◽  
Mariana Janeková ◽  
Stanislav Krum
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Molten Glass ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Given

The presented paper is focused on study and investigation of structural changes in relation to the selected materials which are exposed to the thermal loading. The given work is connected with closer investigation of such material as Dominial ZF 2 which is commonly used for production of steel moulds and components in the glass industry. Moreover, the given work is also devoted to the investigation of materials which are commercially called Toolox 33 and Toolox 44 because these materials were proposed by firm to be used as substitutive materials of Dominial ZF 2. Both of the mentioned and investigated materials have not been used in glass industry yet. Experimental procedures were proposed on the basis of the fact that the investigated materials are exposed to thermal as well as mechanical loading and they are in direct interaction with hot molten glass. After simulated thermal loading, the investigated materials were exposed to the static tensile test and by this way, it was possible to obtain samples with fracture surfaces and these fracture surfaces were evaluated in terms of characteristic features relating to rupture. On the basis of the obtained results and knowledge from experimental procedures, Toolox 33 and Toolox 44 are not recommended to be used for production of steel moulds and components for glass products.

scholarly journals Flood Mapping in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh Using Sentinel-1 SAR Images: A Case Study of Super Cyclone Amphan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Pollen Chakma ◽  
Aysha Akter
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Flood Mapping ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Super Cyclone ◽  
Aperture Radar

Floods are triggered by water overflow into drylands from several sources, including rivers, lakes, oceans, or heavy rainfall. Near real-time (NRT) flood mapping plays an important role in taking strategic measures to reduce flood damage after a flood event. There are many satellite imagery based remote sensing techniques that are widely used to generate flood maps. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have proven to be more effective in flood mapping due to its high spatial resolution and cloud penetration capacity. This case study is focused on the super cyclone, commonly known as Amphan, stemming from the west Bengal-Bangladesh coast across the Sundarbans on 20 May 2020, with a wind speed between 155 -165  gusting up to 185 . The flooding extent is determined by analyzing the pre and post-event synthetic aperture radar images, using the change detection and thresholding (CDAT) method. The results showed an inundated landmass of 2146 on 22 May 2020, excluding Sundarban. However, the area became 1425 about a week after the event, precisely on 28 May 2020 . This persistency generated a more severe and intense flood, due to the broken embankments. Furthermore, 13 out of 19 coastal districts were affected by the flooding, while 8 were highly inundated, including Bagerhat, Pirojpur, Satkhira, Khulna, Barisal, Jhalokati, Patuakhali and Barguna. These findings were subsequently compared with an inundation map created with a validation survey immediately after the event and also with the disposed location using a machine learning-based image classification technique. Consequently, the comparison showed a close similarity between the inundation scenario and the flood reports from the secondary sources. This circumstance envisages the significant role of CDAT application in providing relevant information for an effective decision support system.

scholarly journals Evolution of the mechanism of state regulation of Soviet foreign policy propaganda in print media (1917-1963)

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Nikita Alekseevich Krasnoshchekov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Print Media ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy ◽  
Characteristic Features

This article examines evolution of the mechanism of state regulation of Soviet foreign policy propaganda in print media in the period from 1917 to 1963. The goal consists in studying the process of key structural and normative legal changes within the mechanism of state regulation of Soviet foreign policy propaganda in print media, as well as in highlighting the characteristic features of main stages in evolution of the mechanism of state regulation. The subject of this research is the analysis of party and government documents that regulate the activity of propaganda agencies and foreign policy agenda in print media, based on which an attempt is made to determine the primary trends in regulation of foreign policy propaganda in press. The object of this research is the structural changes in public administration with regards to foreign policy propaganda. Special attention is given to the administrative aspect and normative legal base, which are the framework for functionality of the apparatus of Soviet propaganda. The author determines the key stages in formation of foreign policy propaganda in print media, and concludes that the XX Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union marks the establishment of holistic structure of foreign policy propaganda, as well as the emergence of new party and government branches of cultural-ideological impact on the Western countries. The scientific novelty lies in an attempt of comprehensive examination of the process of amending the basic normative legal documents that regulate the activity of public administration authorities in the area of foreign policy propaganda in print media over the period from 1917 to 1963. Based on these structural and normative legal changes, the author characterizes the stages of evolution of the mechanism of state regulation of this sphere.

scholarly journals CAUSES OF SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN RURAL AREAS IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga KONIECZNA ◽  
Dariusz KONIECZNY
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Characteristic Features

Rural areas, defined as land outside towns, except industrial areas, account for over 93% of the area of Poland. They are attractive as a places of work, residence, leisure, as well as places where agricultural and non-agricultural business activities can be conducted. Agriculture is naturally associated with rural areas. Currently, apart from the agricultural function and (depending on the socioeconomic, natural or historical conditions) rural areas are also places of leisure, recreation, residence or industrial activities. This is a consequence of implementation of the concept of multi-functional development of rural areas, in which conditions are created for diverse business activities, while respecting environmental constraints. Such a multifunctional approach must take into account the interests of all parties to avoid spatial conflicts. Therefore, actions aimed at the development of rural areas should be based on an in-depth analysis of the value of the area under consideration, they should take into account natural conditions (soil, climate, terrain) of the land for conducting agricultural activities, but also take into account environmental, social and economic aspects. Objective and historical conditions affecting agriculture in Poland and the experience gained so far indicate that there is a need to change the spatial arrangement of agricultural areas. This is because of the characteristic features of agriculture in Poland, which include a disadvantageous structure of farms in terms of their area, small size of farms, insufficient technical infrastructure in villages and difficult soil conditions. Rural areas in Poland, including agriculture, are undergoing deep structural changes in regard to agricultural production, but also to farm size and layout, demographic and spatial structures as well as technical and social infrastructure. The changes taking place in rural areas in Poland are greatly affected by the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union. As a member of the EU, Poland has been receiving aid since 2004 and has been implementing actions within Rural Development Programmes. The aim of this paper is to analyse the transformations that have been taking place in rural areas in Poland and to present selected factors and causes of the changes in rural spaces.

scholarly journals MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTION FROM SATELLITE IMAGES: APPLICATION TO SPECIFIC AREA TYPES

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2021 ◽  
pp. 455-462
Author(s):  
C. O. Dumitru ◽  
G. Schwarz ◽  
M. Datcu
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Knowledge Extraction ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Extended Target ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Statistical Relationships

Abstract. When we want to extract knowledge form satellite images, several well-known image classification and analysis techniques can be concatenated or combined to gain a more detailed target understanding. In our case, we concentrated on specific extended target areas such as polar ice-covered surfaces, forests shrouded by fire plumes, flooded areas, and shorelines. These image types can be described by characteristic features and statistical relationships. Here, we demonstrate that both multispectral (optical) as well as SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images can be used for knowledge extraction. The free availability of image data provided by the European Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites allowed us to conduct a series of experiments that verified our classification approaches. This could already be verified in our recent work by quantitative quality tests.

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