Detection of mycobacteria in coalho cheese sold in Northeastern Brazil

The aim of the present study was to detect and identify Mycobaterium spp. in 50 samples of coalho cheese sold in the Northeast region of Brazil. Of the 50 analyzed samples, 35 were produced by the artisanal process, using raw milk, and 15 originated from industrialized establishments that pasteurize milk. Conventional and real-time nested PCR for the rv2807 gene of the M. tuberculosis complex was performed directly from the 50 analyzed samples. Samples of coalho cheese were grown simultaneously in Stonebrink medium, and conventional PCR was performed from the bacterial isolates with primers that flank differentiation region 4 (DR4), specific to M. bovis, mb400F. Bacterial isolates negative by PCR for RD4 were subjected to PCR for hsp65 of Mycobacterium spp., with subsequent DNA sequencing. The cultures were negative for the M. tuberculosis complex, but two samples (4%) from the artisanal process (with raw milk) exhibited identity with hsp65 of Mycobacterium lehmanii (Sequence ID: KY933786.1, identities: 312/363 [86%]); and Mycobacterium rutilum (sequence ID: LT629971.1, identities: 331/371 [89%]), showing to be indicative environmental contamination. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are emergent and ubiquitous microorganisms; therefore, they deserve greater attention in the cheese production chain, both in terms of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and food Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

Download Full-text

Bacteria isolated from abscesses of small ruminants inspected in the semiarid region of Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1337 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 1337

Author(s):

Wellington Erasmo Lima e Silva ◽

Gisele Veneroni Gouveia ◽

Maria da Conceição Aquino de Sá ◽

João José De Simoni Gouveia ◽

Rodolfo De Moraes Peixoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Ruminants ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Bacterial Isolation ◽

Tuberculosis Complex ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Lowenstein Jensen ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Mycobacterium Spp

Loss in the supply chain of small ruminants owing to condemnations of carcasses in the abattoirs and slaughterhouses is common in northeastern Brazil. This study aims to identify bacterial agents, including Mycobacterium spp., in the abscesses found in the postmortem analysis of the carcasses of sheep and goats bred in northeastern Brazil. Our analysis involved 679 goats and 1,838 sheep carcasses. Abscess samples were extracted and inoculated on blood agar and Lowenstein Jensen with pyruvate or glycerol for bacterial isolation. We then performed polymerase chain reaction of the hps 65 gene; samples positive for Mycobacterium spp. were subjected to DNA sequencing. Relative frequencies of abscesses in goats and sheep were 5.44 and 3.26%, respectively. Microbiological analysis revealed 87.7% bacterial growth in the inoculated samples. Among these, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis represented 67.7% of the isolates. We observed 1.9% mycobacteria growth in the abscess samples inoculated on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. PCR of DNA extracted from abscesses samples showed amplification of 0.9% of samples. After sequencing, Mycobacterium spp. isolate was identified as M. novocastrense. C. pseudotuberculosis was the main agent responsible for the formation of abscesses in the examined animals, and we did not identify any species of the M. tuberculosis complex in the examined small ruminants.

Download Full-text

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in handler of cheese made with goat’s milk in Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Breno Bezerra Aragão ◽

Sabrina Cândido Trajano ◽

Renata Pimentel Bandeira de Melo ◽

Bruno Pajeú e Silva ◽

Rinaldo Aparecido Mota

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Production Chain ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Goat's Milk ◽

Small Producers ◽

Cheese Production

ABSTRACT: In the Northeastern Brazil, artisanal cheese production is an important local economic activity for small producers. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus is responsible for causing infection in animals and humans. This study described the first detection of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis isolated in the nasal cavity of a handler of coalho cheese made with goat’s milk in Northeastern Brazil. This brief communication highlighted the importance of adopting biosafety measures by cheese handlers, in order to reduce possible contamination and the spread of pathogens in the production chain of this type of artisanal cheese in Brazil.

Download Full-text

Microbial Biocontrol as an Alternative to Synthetic Fungicides: Boundaries between Pre- and Postharvest Applications on Vegetables and Fruits

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7020060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Vincenzo Michele Sellitto ◽

Severino Zara ◽

Fabio Fracchetti ◽

Vittorio Capozzi ◽

Tiziana Nardi

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Control Plant ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Crucial Point ◽

Production Chain ◽

Vegetables And Fruits ◽

And Storage

From a ‘farm to fork’ perspective, there are several phases in the production chain of fruits and vegetables in which undesired microbial contaminations can attack foodstuff. In managing these diseases, harvest is a crucial point for shifting the intervention criteria. While in preharvest, pest management consists of tailored agricultural practices, in postharvest, the contaminations are treated using specific (bio)technological approaches (physical, chemical, biological). Some issues connect the ‘pre’ and ‘post’, aligning some problems and possible solution. The colonisation of undesired microorganisms in preharvest can affect the postharvest quality, influencing crop production, yield and storage. Postharvest practices can ‘amplify’ the contamination, favouring microbial spread and provoking injures of the product, which can sustain microbial growth. In this context, microbial biocontrol is a biological strategy receiving increasing interest as sustainable innovation. Microbial-based biotools can find application both to control plant diseases and to reduce contaminations on the product, and therefore, can be considered biocontrol solutions in preharvest or in postharvest. Numerous microbial antagonists (fungi, yeasts and bacteria) can be used in the field and during storage, as reported by laboratory and industrial-scale studies. This review aims to examine the main microbial-based tools potentially representing sustainable bioprotective biotechnologies, focusing on the biotools that overtake the boundaries between pre- and postharvest applications protecting quality against microbial decay.

Download Full-text

Quality Control in Fiore Sardo PDO Cheese: Detection of Heat Treatment Application and Production Chain by MRI Relaxometry and Image Analysis

Dairy ◽

10.3390/dairy2020023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 270-287

Author(s):

Roberto Anedda ◽

Riccardo Melis ◽

Elena Curti

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Characteristic Relaxation Time ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Production Chain ◽

Visual Appearance ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Heat Application ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Treatment Application

Fiore Sardo (FS), a traditional Italian cheese, is present in the market as a heterogeneous variety of products. The use of heat-treated (HT) milk is forbidden by the official production protocol, but no official analytical method able to detect heat application is yet available. Here, a combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxometry and image analysis approach to recognize FS made from raw milk is presented. Artisanal FS cheeses were produced from raw milk (RC) by five shepherds in accordance with the official protocol. They were compared to HT-milk counterparts (HTC). Additionally, industrially manufactured commercial FS cheeses (I) were also purchased and compared to RC and HTC. Relaxometry data of FS indicated the presence of two water populations; the ratio of characteristic relaxation time constant T2 and area fraction (Score, Ṩ) of the fastest relaxing population was used to compare RC, HTC and I samples. RC from HTC were successfully discriminated, the latter exhibiting lower Ṩ (enhanced protein hydration). I cheeses exhibited the lowest Ṩ values, sometimes comparable to HTC. Since visual appearance of RC and HTC is appreciably different, an image analysis deep learning approach using MRI and photographic pictures was adopted to discriminate the two productions, with promising percentages (>93%).

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Mastitis and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from CMT Positive Milk Samples Obtained from Dairy Cows, Camels, and Goats in Two Pastoral Districts in Southern Ethiopia

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1530

Author(s):

Amanuel Balemi ◽

Balako Gumi ◽

Kebede Amenu ◽

Sisay Girma ◽

Muuz Gebru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

E Coli ◽

Milk Samples

A study was carried out from August 2017 to February 2018 on lactating dairy cows, one-humped dromedary camels, and goats to determine mastitis in the Bule Hora and Dugda Dawa districts of in Southern Ethiopia. Milk samples from 564 udder quarters and udder halves from 171 animals consisting of 60 dairy cows, 51 camels, and 60 goats were tested for mastitis. Sixty-four positive udder milk samples were cultured, and bacterial mastitis pathogens were isolated and identified. The antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from milk with mastitis was tested against nine antimicrobials commonly used in the study area. Cow- and quarter-level prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows, camels, and goats was 33.3%, 26.3%, and 25% and 17.6%, 14.5%, and 20%, respectively. In cattle, the prevalence was significantly higher in Dugda Dawa than in Bule Hora. Major bacterial isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (39.1%), S. aureus (17.2%), S. hyicus (14.1%), and S. intermedius and Escherichia coli (9.4% each). In camels, udder abnormality and mastitis were significantly higher in late lactation than in early lactation. Mastitis tends to increase with parity in camels. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin, vancomycin, and doxycycline, whereas most S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant. Most of the rural and periurban communities in this area consume raw milk, which indicates a high risk of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. We recommend a community-focused training program to improve community awareness of the need to boil milk and the risk of raw milk consumption.

Download Full-text

Risk factors for trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax in cattle raised in Rio Grande do Norte state

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000232016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jael Soares Batista ◽

Gabriela Hémylin Ferreira Moura ◽

Francisco Canindé Lopes ◽

Kaliane Alessandra Rodrigues de Paiva ◽

Hélio Noberto de Araújo Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Trypanosoma Vivax ◽

Serum Samples ◽

European Breed ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Two Samples ◽

Semi Arid Region

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti Trypanosoma vivax antibodies and the possible risk factors associated with the infection in cattle in Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, through a cross-sectional epidemiological study, with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A total of 467 cattle’s serum samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. Forty-two samples tested positive for Trypanosoma vivax IgG antibodies, corresponding to the prevalence of 9%. Risk factors influencing the occurrence of trypanosomiasis were milk exploration, raising of European breeds, productivity category: lactation cow, purchase of new cattle, foraging habits near ponds and rivers, and the presence of mechanical vectors. So, high prevalence in beef animals (59.5%), females (95.2%), European breed (88.1%), lactating cows (85.7%), pasture at banks of dams and rivers (95.2%), in addition to the presence of mechanical vectors (81%) and acquisition of animals (88.1%), indicates the expansion of trypanosomiasis in Northeastern semi-arid region, and the information obtained may explain the epidemiological factors that determine the occurrence of trypanosomiasis by T. vivax in this region.

Download Full-text

Isolation and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from raw milk in some dairy farms in Egypt

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ◽

10.14419/ijbas.v5i2.5299 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Heba Hussien ◽

Eman Mahrous

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Culture Method ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Tuberculosis Complex ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Source Of Infection

This study was conducted to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in milk in three Egyptian Governorates; El-Sharkia, El-Menoufia and El-Behera Governorates. 300 milk samples were collected from tuberculin positive cases, 18 (6.0%) were shedding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in their milk which detected by real time PCR. On another hand, 170 milk samples were collected from tuberculin negative cases, 5 (2.9%) were shedding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in their milk which detected by real time PCR. All milk samples were examined by three techniques including Microscopic examination, culture and real time PCR. Real time PCR is more rapid and accurate method than microscopic and culture method. The isolated colonies from culture were examined by Multiplex PCR to demonstrate the source of infection either human or animal source.

Download Full-text

THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FAVELONE DERIVATIVES (CNIDOSCOLUS QUERCIFOLIUS) BY THERMOGRAVIMETRY AND DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v3.n05.2006.janeiro/1_pgs_8_20.pdf ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 05 (3) ◽

pp. 8-20

Author(s):

José Carlos Oliveira SANTOS ◽

Lionete Dantas NUNES ◽

Sylvia Berenice NÓBREGA ◽

Dantas José Pires PUZINSKI ◽

Antonio Gouveia SOUZA

Keyword(s):

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Arid Region ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Thermal Characterization ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Semi Arid

A thermal analysis has been applied to characterization of food and food products. Taking into account the problems of desertification and agricultural practices able to provide income to the population at the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil, this work presents the results of the chemical, thermal and kinetic characterization by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry of the seed derivatives of favelone (cnidoscolus quercifolius), aiming at the application of these materials as an alternative of food source for animals and for the human population at this brazilian region.

Download Full-text

Interspecies variation in biofilm-forming capacity of psychrotrophic bacterial isolates from Chinese raw milk

Food Control ◽

10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 ◽

pp. 47-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lei Yuan ◽

Mette Burmølle ◽

Faizan A. Sadiq ◽

Ni Wang ◽

Guoqing He

Keyword(s):

Raw Milk ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Interspecies Variation

Download Full-text

Raw Milk as a Potential Source of Food Poisoning Outbreaks

Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Toxicology ◽

10.54987/jebat.v4i2.629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

Isa Shu’aibu ◽

Habiba Abdullahi ◽

S. Hanna Kadum ◽

A. Jabir Hamza ◽

Y. Kabiru Mustapha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Viable Count ◽

Plate Count ◽

Small Scale ◽

Total Viable Count ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Production Chain

In Africa, the use of poor and unhygienic methods for animal milking and milk processing that leads to spoilage of milk by microbes affects the production of milk and dairy products, especially in the small scale and local processing plants. This study was conducted to analyze the quality and safety of raw milk collected from six different towns in Kwami local government area of Gombe State, Nigeria. The samples were serially diluted using ten-fold dilution and used aliquot 1 ml to inoculate the appropriate media using pour plate technique. The total viable count for bacteria in CFU/ml on plate count agar (PCA) was highest in sample E from U/Anchau with an average of total viable count of 3.8x104 CFU/ml, followed by 3.0x104 CFU/ml in sample B (Dirri), then 2.8x104 CFU/ml in sample D from Burakosuma, 2.5x104 CFU/ml in sample F from Dun urji, 2.3x104 CFU/ml in sample C from Zanbe with least count from sample A at Bele as 1.8x104 CFU/ml. Five (5) bacterial species of public health importance were isolated and identified using biochemical tests namely; Enterobacter sp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp.. Out of the organisms isolated, Enterobacter sp. had the highest occurrence of 93% (n=280), then Yersinia enterocolitica 90% (n=270), E. coli 70% (n=210), S. aureus 57% (n=170), and finally Salmonella sp. 23% (n=70). Based on the microbiological outcomes, preventive measures for milking and processing that focus on training of farmers and dairy employees for the improvement of the hygiene of local milk and dairy production chain should be defined.

Download Full-text