scholarly journals Ovine Eimeria infections in southern Brazil – prevalence and risk factors

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Natália Soares Martins ◽  
◽  
Sara Patron da Motta ◽  
Carolina Caetano dos Santos ◽  
Andrios da Silva Moreira ◽  
...  

Eimeria infections are common in sheep industry worldwide, however information about their epidemiology is scarce in southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence, species characterization, and associated risk factors between Eimeria species and sheep flocks. Fecal samples from 428 sheep from 21 farms were tested for the presence of oocysts. The overall prevalence of Eimeria spp. was 68.69% and was significantly affected by age of the sheep, with highest prevalence in animals under 18 months of age. Eight Eimeria species were identified. Eimeria ovinoidalis (85.71%) was the most common, followed by Eimeria crandallis (80.95%), Eimeria granulosa (78.95%), Eimeria ahsata (61.90%), Eimeria faurei (42.86%), Eimeria bakuensis (38.10%), Eimeria punctata (14.29%), and Eimeria pallida (9.52%). All herds were positive, with concomitant infections. Among management and husbandry practices; farm size, animal density, farming system, breeding objectives, and pasture system influenced the prevalence of Eimeria species. The infection was more prevalent on small farms with high animal density, in sheep raised for meat, semi-intensive system, and rotational grazing (p < 0.05). The wide distribution of this protozoan and the high frequency of pathogenic species show the importance and potential damage of coccidiosis in sheep flocks in Rio Grande do Sul.

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 871-874
Author(s):  
Natália S. Martins ◽  
Sara P. da Motta ◽  
Carolina C. Santos ◽  
Andrios S. Moreira ◽  
Nara A.R. Farias ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Eimeria infections are common in the sheep industry worldwide. Lambs are more susceptible to coccidiosis, especially in stressful conditions, being infected by different species of the parasite. Eimeria crandallis and Eimeria ovinoidalis are considered the most pathogenic, causing reduced growth, dehydration, anorexia, and death. In this study, the frequency of Eimeria species was evaluated in lambs from the southern region of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Fecal samples from 248 lambs, from 19 farms, were tested for the presence of oocysts. The positive samples were re-examined and the sporulated oocysts analyzed morphometrically to identify the presence of Eimeria species. In 100% of the evaluated farms, there were animals positive for the protozoan. The frequency of Eimeria species was: E. ovinoidalis (94.74%), E. crandallis (89.47%), E. granulosa (78.95%), E. parva (68.42%), E. ahsata (63.13%), E. punctata (42.11%), E. bakuensis (36.84%), E. faurei (10.53%), and E. pallida (5.26%). Mixed infection was found in 94.74% of the samples. This research describes, for the first time, the occurrence of E. crandallis and E. ovinoidalis infecting lambs in the study area. The wide distribution of this protozoan and the high frequency of pathogenic species show the importance and potential damage of sheep coccidiosis in herds from Rio Grande do Sul.


2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242097594
Author(s):  
Guilherme B Shimocomaqui ◽  
Craig S Meyer ◽  
Maria L Ikeda ◽  
Elson Romeu Farias ◽  
Tonantzin R Gonçalves ◽  
...  

In 2018, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) had some of the highest HIV/AIDS rates in Brazil, and we did not find any studies about the HIV care and treatment cascade (HCTC) related to this state. We aimed to estimate the indicators of HCTC of RS, Brazil, and associated factors. A cross-sectional study with all people living with HIV (PLWH) in RS between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2017 was conducted using a national database which registers all HIV notifications, CD4 and viral load laboratory data and antiretroviral therapy (ART) usage in the public health system. We considered sex, age, education, race, year of HIV diagnosis, and health region as predictor factors, and defined linkage to care, retention to care, being on ART, and having undetectable viral load as the HCTC indicators. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed using Stata 15.2. A total of 116,121 PLWH were diagnosed, 79,959 were linked to care, 72,117 retained in care, 69,219 on ART, and 54,857 had undetectable viral load from 2014 to 2017. We observed greatest attrition for younger age, non-white, and lower education in all HCTC indicators. Women are more likely to have undetectable viral load (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07), even though they are less likely to be retained to care (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89–0.96) and on ART (OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.78–0.86). Although all HCTC indicators have increased over the period and the “test and treat” policy indicates improvements in ART and in undetectable viral load outcomes, evidence suggests specific attrition and disparities such as those related to HIV healthcare facilities should be addressed. These findings may be used by researchers, health professionals, and policymakers in order to investigate and implement interventions to better engage PLWH across the HCTC.


2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jael Soares Batista ◽  
Gabriela Hémylin Ferreira Moura ◽  
Francisco Canindé Lopes ◽  
Kaliane Alessandra Rodrigues de Paiva ◽  
Hélio Noberto de Araújo Júnior ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti Trypanosoma vivax antibodies and the possible risk factors associated with the infection in cattle in Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, through a cross-sectional epidemiological study, with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A total of 467 cattle’s serum samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. Forty-two samples tested positive for Trypanosoma vivax IgG antibodies, corresponding to the prevalence of 9%. Risk factors influencing the occurrence of trypanosomiasis were milk exploration, raising of European breeds, productivity category: lactation cow, purchase of new cattle, foraging habits near ponds and rivers, and the presence of mechanical vectors. So, high prevalence in beef animals (59.5%), females (95.2%), European breed (88.1%), lactating cows (85.7%), pasture at banks of dams and rivers (95.2%), in addition to the presence of mechanical vectors (81%) and acquisition of animals (88.1%), indicates the expansion of trypanosomiasis in Northeastern semi-arid region, and the information obtained may explain the epidemiological factors that determine the occurrence of trypanosomiasis by T. vivax in this region.


2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio O. M. Prietsch ◽  
Gilberto B. Fischer ◽  
Juraci A. César ◽  
Berenice S. Lempek ◽  
Luciano V. Barbosa Jr. ◽  
...  

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute lower respiratory illness and to identify associated factors among children less than five years of age in the city of Rio Grande, southern Brazil. Using a cross-sectional survey, a standardized household questionnaire was applied to mothers or guardians. Information was collected on household conditions, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking. Prenatal care attendance, nutritional status, breastfeeding pattern, and use of health services for the children were also investigated. Data analysis was based on prevalence ratios and logistic regression, using a conceptual framework. Among 771 children studied, 23.9% presented acute lower respiratory illness. The main risk factors were previous episodes of acute lower respiratory infection or wheezing, crowding, maternal schooling less than five years, monthly family income less than US$ 200, four or more people per room, asthma in family members, and maternal smoking. Mothers 30 years or older were identified as a protective factor. These results can help define specific measures to reduce morbidity and mortality due to acute lower respiratory illness in this setting.


Check List ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Barbisan Fortes ◽  
Elaine Maria Lucas ◽  
Vinícius Matheus Caldart

The Brazilian burrowing snake, Gomesophis brasiliensis, occurs in aquatic habitats such as swamps, from Minas Gerais and Distrito Federal until Rio Grande do Sul. In spite of this wide distribution, the species’ geographic range still remains unclear. This note reports the occurrence of G. brasiliensis in the municipality of Vargem Bonita, state of Santa Catarina, south Brazil, extending the species’ range ca. 80 km to the west in this state.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Rosana Souza de Vargas ◽  
Fabiana Diniz Kurtz

O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar e analisar os discursos estabelecidos de futuros professores de um curso de licenciatura em Letras - Português e Inglês, de uma universidade comunitária, componente do COMUNG-RS, localizada no Rio Grande do Sul, buscando entender como ocorre a formação dos futuros docentes em língua inglesa e os processos de ensino-aprendizagem que a envolvem, com ênfase para a articulação pedagógica com as tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) de modo integrado. É um estudo de caso, enquanto método de cunho qualitativo, empregando a análise textual discursiva como método de análise de dados. Dessa forma, como resultado, os discursos revelam que a formação dos futuros professores envolvidos engloba a discussão acerca das TIC, mas não de forma satisfatória, revelando em suas práticas, que os futuros profissionais tendem a uma perspectiva técnica de ensino sobre as TIC. O meio pelo qual tal viés possa ser abandonado, é que a formação de professores considere um ensino transversal a partir das TIC, não apenas em disciplinas isoladas e ainda que seja realizado por meio de todos os profissionais envolvidos.Palavras-chave: Formação de professores. Ensino de língua inglesa como língua estrangeira. Tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC). Análise textual discursiva (ATD).INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: case study with future language teachers Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate and analyze the established discourses of future teachers of a degree course in Letters - Portuguese and English, from a community university, component of COMUNG-RS, located in Rio Grande do Sul, seeking to understand how occours the formation of future teachers in English language and the teaching-learning processes that involve it, with emphasis on the pedagogical articulation with information and communication technologies (ICT) in an integrated way. It is a case study, as a qualitative method, using discursive textual analysis as a data analysis method. Thus, as a result, the speeches reveal that the formation of the future teachers involved encompasses the discussion about ICT, but not satisfactorily, revealing in their practices that future professionals tend to a technical perspective of teaching about ICT. The means by which such bias can be abandoned is for teacher education to consider cross-sectional education based on ICT, not only in isolated subjects and even though it is carried out by all the professionals involved.Keywords: Teacher training. Teaching English as a foreign language. Information and communication technologies (ICT). Discursive textual analysis (DTA). TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y LA COMUNICACIÓN: un estudio de caso con futuros profesores de idiomasResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo es investigar y analizar los discursos de futuros profesores de un curso de grado en Letras - Portugués e Inglés, de una universidad comunitaria, componente de COMUNG-RS, ubicado en Rio Grande do Sul, buscando entender cómo formación de futuros docentes en lengua inglesa y los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que lo involucran, con énfasis en la articulación pedagógica con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) de manera integrada. Es un estudio de caso, como método cualitativo, que utiliza el análisis textual discursivo como método de análisis de datos. Por lo tanto, como resultado, los discursos revelan que la formación de los futuros maestros involucrados abarca la discusión sobre las TIC, pero no de manera satisfactoria, revelando en sus prácticas que los futuros profesionales tienden a una perspectiva técnica de la enseñanza sobre las TIC. El medio por el cual se puede abandonar este sesgo es que la formación del profesorado considere la educación transversal basada en las TIC, no solo en asignaturas aisladas y aunque sea realizada por todos los profesionales involucrados.Palabras clave: Formación de profesores. Enseñanza de inglés como lengua extranjera. Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Análisis textual discursivo (ATD). 


2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Heidari ◽  
Z. Sadeghi-Dehkordi ◽  
R. Moayedi ◽  
J. Gharekhani

Information on the occurrence, diversity and economic losses due to Eimeria infection on cattle farms is lacking in Western Iran. The principal aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province, Western Iran. In a cross-sectional study performed from June 2010 to April 2013, 400 faecal samples were collected randomly from animals without clinical signs from different cattle farms of Hamedan province and examined for Eimeria species infection using parasitology methods. The overall infection rate of Eimeria species was 8.25%. Nine species of Eimeria were identified including: E. bovis (23.7%), E. zuernii (19.2%), E. canadensis (12.6%), E. ellipsodalis (11.4%), E. alabamensis (10.4%), E. pellita (9.1%), E. auburnensis (6.8%), E. cylindrica (4.6%) and E. bukidnonensis (2.3%). There were statistically significant differences with respect to Eimeria infection and age group (P &lt; 0.0001, OR = 6), although no statistically significant relationships were found for sex (P = 0.35) or faecal consistency (P = 0.587). In conclusion, this study is the first to report the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province. Infection with pathogenic Eimeria spp. was asymptomatic in all animals; this is the reason for the transmission of infection by carriers in this region. Therefore, integrated strategies should be utilised to prevent and control Eimeria spp. infection on cattle farms. &nbsp;


2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Camboim Rockett ◽  
Rafaela da Silveira Corrêa ◽  
Gabriela Cheuiche Pires ◽  
Letiane de Souza Machado ◽  
Fernanda Sonntag Hoerlle ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, at least 30% of the total financial resources provided by the federal government for school feeding should be used to buy products from family farming. The present study examines the profile of the purchase of these products in municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), south Brazil, in 2014. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with information obtained through a questionnaire sent to the municipalities and filled by respondents. Of the 371 participating municipalities, 367 acquired products from family farming, and 86.8% of these municipalities achieved the minimum percentage required. Nutritionists and farmers were the main components involved in the articulation of this process. Difficulties faced by these individuals included the lack of organization of the producers, failure to meet the demand, and lack of interest. More than 80% of the municipalities bought food from the “Vegetables”, “Cereals, Breads, Pasta, and Tubers” and “Fruits” groups. Only 8% purchased products from socio-biodiversity. There was a great diversity of food purchased, most of which were in natura, despite the low acquisition of socio-biodiversity products. Results of this study indicated the concern and tendency of the Brazilian municipalities to support the local economy with incentives to consumption and production of regional foods.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Geraldine Alves dos Santos ◽  
Päivi Sanerma

ABSTRACTMany studies have been carried out, mainly in the last decades, to understand the normal and pathological process of aging in the different areas of knowledge. However, many gaps still remain in the progress of science. In this sense, the overall objective of the present study was to evaluate the comparison between the performance of congruent elderly people in Brazil and Finland. The study method had a quantitative, descriptive cross - sectional design. The sample consisted of 194 subjects of both sexes, aged between 60 and 79 years, residing in the municipality of Ivoti / Rio Grande do Sul / Brazil and 93 subjects, both genders aged 65 to 85 years residing in Riihimäki / Finland. The instrument used was the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed statistically in SPSS version 25.0 through descriptive analysis of frequency and comparison of means by the Mann Whitney test (p≤0.05). The results showed that the cognitive performance of elderly people in the Ivoti group was significantly higher than those of Riihimäki. It can be concluded that cultural variables influenced outcomes, such as experiences in the early stages of human development and current interpersonal relationships.Keywords: Cognitive performance. Successful aging. Elderly. RESUMOMuitos estudos têm sido realizados, principalmente nas últimas décadas, para compreender o processo normal e patológico de envelhecimento, nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Entretanto, muitas lacunas ainda se mantêm presentes no progresso da ciência. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral do presente estudo foi avaliar a comparação entre o desemepnho congitivo de pessoas idosas residentes no Brasil e na Finlândia. O método do estudo teve um delineamento quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. A amostra compreendeu 194 sujeitos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 60 e 79 anos, residentes no município de Ivoti/Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil e 93 sujeitos, de ambos os sexos com idade entre 65 e 85 anos residentes em Riihimäki/Finlândia. O instrumento utilizado foi o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente no programa SPSS versão 25.0 através de análises descritivas de frequência e de comparação de médias pelo teste Mann Whitney (p≤0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho cognitivo das pessoas idosas do grupo de Ivoti foi significativamente maior que os de Riihimäki. Pode-se concluir que variáveis culturais influenciaram os resultados, tais como experiências nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento humano e as relações interpessoais atuais.Palavras-chave: Desempenho cognitivo. Velhice. Idosos.


2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1094-1103
Author(s):  
Daiane Porto Gautério-Abreu ◽  
Silvana Sidney Costa Santos ◽  
Bárbara Tarouco Silva ◽  
Silomar Ilha ◽  
Giovana Calcagno Gomes

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the elderly receiving outpatient care in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, concerning their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health condition, medication usage and adherence to medication; to identify their self-reported reasons for adherence/nonadherence to the prescribed medication. A descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, performed in the outpatient unit of a university hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. One hundred seven elderly were interviewed in November of 2013. Data were collected with three instruments. The statistical analysis was descriptive. Among the elderly, 86.9% were adherent to medication. Wanting to feel good was the reason most often reported for adherence to the prescribed medication, and the occurrence of adverse reactions was the most often cited reason for nonadherence. The results of this study can support the development of actions that promote adherence to medication by the elderly.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document