Application of Surfactant Material as Anti-hygroscopicity agent for Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3)

Ammonium nitrate is a promising rocket propellant oxidizer. It is present as the major component in most industrial explosives. Due to the surface polarity of ammonium nitrate, the particles can easy absorb moisture. In this study, ammonium nitrate particles were coated by cetylalcohol surfactant in order to reduce the hygroscopicity. The optimized physical coating process using cetylalcohol was achieved by (L9 (34 )) Taguchi orthogonal array (TOA).The analysis of TOA revealed that the highest decline of absorption rate was 35.45% with the mass ratio of coating layer was 0.95%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface of coated and uncoated ammonium nitrate. The idea and approach presented in this study can help the researchers to improving anti-hygroscopicity of ammonium nitrate.

Effect of Anthracite on Preparation of Ceramsite Using Red Mud

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 467 ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Hui Fen Yang ◽

Lin Fei Lu ◽

Bei Ping Jiang ◽

Jin Long Zhang

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Red Mud ◽

Absorption Rate ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Based on analyzing of chemical composition, mineral composition and thermal stability of red mud, preparation of ceramisite, using anthracite added as foaming agent, was investigated. Internal structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the bulk density of ceramisite was obviously reduced by anthracite added. The ceramisite with bulk density of 1.30g/cm3, water absorption rate£ ̈WAR£©of 2.98% and cylinder compressive strength £ ̈CCS£©of 9.48 MPa was obtained when weight ratio of red mud/waste glass/bentonites/anthracite was at 73:15:11:1. Majority of porosity in ceramisite was closed based on SEM. The porosity of ceramisite was much higher when anthracite was added as foaming agent than only calcite in red mud was used as foaming agent. The bulk density of the former was lower than that of the latter.

Preparation and Characterization TiO2 Aerogel Fibers

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.434 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 743-744 ◽

pp. 434-437

Author(s):

Miao Lv ◽

Guo Tong Qin ◽

Wei Wei

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Pore Diameter ◽

Supercritical Drying ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Composite Fibers ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Average Pore ◽

X Ray ◽

Adsorption Desorption ◽

TiO2aerogel fibers have been fabricated by electron span combined supercritical drying technique. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/TiO2composite fibers are prepared by electrospinning PVP and TiO2precursor Ti (OC4H9)4. TiO2aerogel fibers are obtained by supercritical drying PVP/TiO2composite fibers using ethanol as media. Structural of the aerogel fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2adsorption at 77 K. The effect of mass ratio of PVP/TiO2was investigated. SEM shows that pore structure of nanofibers was well developed, with the diameter of nanofibers about 2 μm. N2adsorption/desorption data show that the highest surface area of aerogel fibers reached 241.6 m2/g with the average pore diameter about 10 nm. The aerogel fibers were anatase type TiO2.

Preparation of Polyurethane (PU)/ Polyaniline (PANI) Compound Nanofiber via Electrospinning

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1352 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 332-334 ◽

pp. 1352-1356

Author(s):

Li Wei Liu ◽

Wei Min Kang ◽

Bo Wen Cheng

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electrospun Nanofibers ◽

Total Solid ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Solid Content ◽

Diameter Distribution ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

In this paper polyurethane (PU) / polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were successfully prepared via electrospinning with N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) mixture (1:2 mass ratio). The morphology, diameter and structure of the electrospun nanofibers were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the diameter distribution of nanofibers was measured by Image-Pro Plus. Results indicate that the morphology, diameter and uniformity of the fibers were influenced by solution concentration, applied voltage, capillary–screen distance and flow rate greatly, and the finer and uniform nanofibers were electrospun from total solid content of the spinning solutions at 8 wt. %, PU and PANI with ratio of 10/1 (w/w), the spinning voltage at 35 kV, the collecting distance at 15 cm and the extruding speed at 6 ml/h.

Multilayer ZrO2 Precursor Coated Polystyrene Particles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.529 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 280-283 ◽

pp. 529-532

Author(s):

Yu Jia ◽

Yuji Hotta ◽

Kimiyasu Sato ◽

Koji Watari ◽

Lennart Bergström

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Aqueous Solution ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Multilayer Coating ◽

Coating Process ◽

Surface Charges ◽

Coated Particles ◽

Particles Size Distribution ◽

Monodispersed ZrO2 (includes 8mol % Y2O3) precursor nanoparticles, which were well dispersed in aqueous solution, were successfully synthesized. The as-synthesized ZrO2 precursor nanoparticles were homogenously coated on the surface of polystyrene particles. Multilayer coating process was successfully implemented by using polyacrylic acid (PAA) to modify the surface charges of the coated particles, which was characterized by zeta-potential, particles size distribution and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Structure characterisation of pigment coating layer on paper by scanning electron microscopy and image analysis

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.3183/npprj-2002-17-03-p307-312 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Gary Chinga ◽

Torbjørn Helle

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Image Analysis ◽

Coating Layer ◽

Pigment Coating ◽

Causal Analysis of Damage of a Cover

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.270.57 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 270 ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Lucie Páleníková ◽

Lenka Klakurková ◽

Pavel Gejdoš ◽

Michaela Remešová ◽

Martin Juliš ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Coating Layer ◽

Causal Analysis ◽

Component Part ◽

Temperature Pulsation ◽

Cold Forming ◽

X Ray ◽

In this article, the causes of damage of a cover were investigated by metallographic and fractographic analysis. The component part was made from non-alloy quality steel for cold forming DC04. The failure occurred during high temperature pulsation (90 °C, 7b, 1 Hz) after 180,000 cycles. This component part was fabricated by deep drawing. After this process’s step, outlets were soldered at 1100 °C/5 min. to this part and then whole component part was coated using method without any specification. The coating layer was formed of Zn-Ni. The last step in this process was hemming where all component parts were assembled together. This case study was solved using light and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition was detected by energy dispersive X-ray analysis.

Preparation of Photocatalytic Nanostructured TiO2 Thin Films

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.795 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 587-588 ◽

pp. 795-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Di Paola ◽

M. Addamo ◽

M. Bellardita ◽

E. García-López ◽

G. Marcì ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Coating Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Glass Slides ◽

Photoactive films consisting of pure anatase, brookite or rutile were deposited on glass slides by a dip coating process from water dispersions or solutions obtained by using TiCl4 as the precursor. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the various samples was evaluated by using the photooxidation of 2-propanol in gas solid regime as probe reaction. Brookite and anatase films showed a good photoactivity degrading the substrate and the propanone produced during the reaction.

Adsorption of Humic Acid from Aqueous Solution Using Composite Magnetic Microspheres of Chitosan and Quaternary Ammonium Chitosan Derivative

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.216 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 700 ◽

pp. 216-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ming De Li ◽

Liang Wang ◽

Bin Zhao ◽

Yao Yao

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Aqueous Solution ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Total Mass ◽

Magnetic Microspheres ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Chitosan Derivative ◽

Preparation Conditions ◽

Composite magnetic microspheres of chitosan (CTS) and quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative (HTCC) were prepared by inverse suspension method. Tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde were used successively to co-crosslink the microsphere matrix. The morphology was analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the chemical composition was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption of humic acid (HA) by the composite magnetic microspheres (CHMMs) was investigated in terms of adsorption capacity and kinetics in order to optimize preparation conditions. Both CTS/HTCC mass ratio and crosslinker dosage greatly affected the properties of the microspheres. A batch of CHMMs was prepared when the mass ratio of CTS and HTCC was 1:1 and TPP and glutaraldehyde were17% and 30% of total mass of CTS and HTCC, respectively. These CHMMs were between 150 and 800 μm. 85% HA was able to be removed in 60 min using this proposed absorbent. It was fast and efficient for HA removal from aqueous solution.

Pd-Free Activation Pretreatment for Electroless Ni-P Plating on NiFe2O4 Particles

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11101810 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1810

Author(s):

Junfei Ma ◽

Zhigang Zhang ◽

Yihan Liu ◽

Xiao Zhang ◽

Hongjie Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electroless Plating ◽

Coating Layer ◽

Production Costs ◽

Preparation Process ◽

Catalytic Activation ◽

New Process ◽

Coating Layers ◽

Electroless Ni ◽

A Pd-free activation pretreatment process was developed for electroless Ni-P plating on NiFe2O4 particles. The main influencing factors, including NiCl2·6H2O concentration, pH of electroless bath and temperature, were investigated. Microstructures of the coating layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that a more uniform and compact Ni-P coating layer was successfully formed by electroless plating via Pd-free activation pretreatment than Pd as sited plating. The coating layers plated by Pd-free activation pretreatment were thicker than those by the sensitization and activation pretreatment on average (9 vs. 5 μm). The new process did not need conventional sensitization or activation pretreatments, because the Ni particles dispersed uniformly on the NiFe2O4 substrate became catalytic activation sites for nickel electroless plating. Such improvement was beneficial to shortening the preparation process and reducing the production costs with the use of noble metal Pd.

Synthesis of Vanadium Doped Lanthanum Bismuthate Nanorods for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.19312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 5329-5336

Author(s):

Hongjun Chen ◽

Zeyang Xue ◽

Chunhu Yu ◽

Yajing Mao ◽

Fanglv Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Vanadium Content ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Reflectance Measurement ◽

X Ray ◽

Vanadium Doping ◽

Vanadium doped lanthanum bismuthate nanorods with vanadium ratio of 1%, 3%, 5% and 10 wt.% were fabricated through the hydrothermal method using sodium orthovanadate as vanadium source. Vanadium doped lanthanum bismuthate nanorod products were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern and diffuse reflection spectrum. X-ray diffraction patterns show that vanadium in the vanadium doped lanthanum bismuthate nanorods exists as triclinic Bi23V4O44.5 and monoclinic LaVO4 phases. Scanning electron microscopy observations show that the size and micro-morphology of the vanadium doped products are closely relative to the vanadium mass ratio. The length of the vanadium doped nanorods decreases and the morphology changes from nanorods to irregular nanoparticles with increasing the vanadium mass ratio. Solid UV-vis diffuse reflectance measurement shows that the bandgap value of the doped lanthanum bismuthate nanorods is narrowed from 2.37 eV to 2.25 eV after the vanadium doping ratio is increased from 1% to 10%. The doped lanthanum bismuthate nanorods illustrate enhanced photocatalytic performance for methylene orange (MO) removal with the irradiation of sunlight. The catalytic performance for MO removal depends on the irradiation time, vanadium content and dosage of the nanorods. The doped lanthanum bismuthate nanorods with the vanadium mass ratio of 10% possess the best MO catalytic degradation performance.