Changes in Aquatic Lives Due to Changes in Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED ABU-DIEYEH
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
World Environment

Currently, the world environment is changing more rapidly than at any other time. These changes have immense effects on aquatic life forms, from microscopic plankton to large fish (1). Some of the relevant stressors, amongst many, are temperature, salinity, and water pH, all of which are variables that directly impact living organisms present in the concerned aquatic environments (2). Scientists have found a correlation with physiological, morphological, and molecular changes in living organisms due to environmental fluctuations. In any aquatic ecosystem, photosynthetic primary producers are the basis of other life forms, and it is now established that environmental change has many detrimental effects on these primary producers; thus aquatic ecosystems. For example, increasing temperatures can reduce the productivity, cell size, and overall growth of many aquatic organisms, also a significant cause for coral bleaching (3,4).

scholarly journals First report on phytoplankton communities of Barishal City, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Shaswati Chakraborty ◽  
Dipalok Karmaker ◽  
Subroto Kumar Das ◽  
Riyad Hossen
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Biodiversity Indices ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The City ◽  
Total Species

Phytoplanktons, also called microalgae, are microscopic photosynthetic living organisms that generally found in aquatic environments. Although they are considered as the most important primary producers and bioindicators of aquatic ecosystems, there was no previous report found for Barishal City about these tiny organisms. Consequently, the present study selected 10 freshwater reservoirs from the city to investigate phytoplankton communities and listed 110 taxa under 4 phyla, 7 classes, 18 orders, 24 families and 49 genera. The distribution of Chlorophytes was abundant relatively in terms of species number (45 taxa) followed by Euglenophytes, Chlorophytes and Cyanophytes in this area. Only Euglenaceae possessed one-third of the total species of this report. Among all stations, the highest number of taxa was recorded from station 2 and according to nine biodiversity indices, the station 2 and 9 showed comparatively good results. All of the recorded taxa were previously mentioned by different authors from Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Microplastics in Aquatic Environments: Sources, Ecotoxicity, Detection & Remediation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3407-3428
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Aquatic Contamination ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Industrial Level

Microplastic pollutants are increasingly posing a significant threat of aquatic contamination and causing various adverse effects on the aquatic environment as well as human health. Microplastics are hazardous chemicals to marine and freshwater ecosystems; therefore, it is becoming a severe concern for ecology. Microplastics can also expose via drinking water and can be vulnerable to all living organisms. Microplastics work as carriers for various toxic components such as additives and other hazardous substances from industrial and urbanized areas. These microplastic contaminated effluents are ultimately transferred into water systems and directly ingested by organisms associated with a particular ecosystem. The microplastics components also pose an indirect threat to aquatic ecosystems by adsorbing surrounding other water pollutants. Due to the luxuriant discharge of billion tons of plastic waste from domestic to industrial level every year, degraded microplastics get accumulated in various aquatic systems, contaminate, and introduce into the food chain. This review mainly focuses on occurrence, factors influencing the release of microplastics into aquatic ecosystems, possible impact of these toxic micro-sized particles on human health and aquatic life. This study also briefly discusses removing microplastics from effluent and water systems using different advanced final-stage treatment technologies.

scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and their sublethal and lethal effects in aquatic organisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harveer S. Srain ◽  
Karen F Beazley ◽  
Tony R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Lethal Effects

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) include over-the-counter and prescription drugs, veterinary drugs, fragrances, and cosmetics. PPCPs have been detected in aquatic environments at low concentrations and are emerging as contaminants of concern. PPCPs are primarily released into aquatic environments via untreated sewage, wastewater treatment plants, landfill leachate and can affect aquatic life through persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. However, there are limited reviews of lethal and sublethal effects of PPCP exposures on aquatic organisms. To understand PPCP toxicity on aquatic organisms, a literature review was conducted which identified aquatic organisms known to be affected by PPCPs; concentrations of PPCPs reported as producing sublethal and lethal effects in aquatic organisms; and research gaps on PPCP aquatic toxicity. Twelve PPCPs were selected from three seminal studies for review, including bisphenol A, carbamazepine, erythromycin, fluoxetine, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, metoprolol, naproxen, nonylphenol, ofloxacin, sertraline, sulfamethoxazole, and triclosan. Many aquatic species were affected by PPCPs at sublethal and lethal exposures, including sublethal effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. Because lethal effects were seldom observed at environmentally relevant concentrations, many studies considered PPCPs non-toxic. Few studies have compared effects of PPCPs on the same organisms for identical exposure parameters (time and concentration), resulting in wide variation in reported toxicity levels with limited consensus in the academic literature. Consensus in lethal concentrations was reported for Daphnia magna with 48 h exposure for bisphenol A and triclosan and Vibrio fischeri with 15 min exposure to carbamazepine. Environmentally relevant sublethal concentrations were higher than water quality guidelines developed for Canada and predicted no-effect concentrations derived globally. Species sensitivity distributions for some PPCPs show that aquatic species are affected lethally at environmentally relevant concentrations. More studies on indirect, and long-term ecological effects along with testing chronic toxicity of PPCPs at environmentally relevant concentrations, is recommended. These will help guide future research to determine extent and magnitude of PPCP concentrations in aquatic environments and help inform management decisions to reduce sources of PPCPs into the environment. Future management requires effective monitoring strategies regarding use, disposal, occurrence, and impacts at different life cycle stages of PPCPs in the environment.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Discharge of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments of the Mexican Caribbean

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Armando Casas-Beltran ◽  
Miguel Hernández-Pedraza ◽  
Jesús Alvarado-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Mexican Caribbean

Tourist growth in Quintana Roo, Mexico has brought with it an increase of pollution by sunscreens to aquatic ecosystems, which represents an environmental risk because of the chemical components of sunscreens that can negatively affect human health and aquatic ecosystems. However, the magnitude of pollution in aquatic environments is unknown. Consequently, we sought to estimate the contamination by sunscreens based on usage and tourism statistics. Our estimate indicates that the water in Quintana Roo will receive nearly 4367.25 tons of chemicals from sunscreens used by residents and tourists over a period of 18 years (2007 to 2025). On average, each tourist stays in Quintana Roo for 3.45 days, and 89.9% of these visitors apply sunscreen, although only the 83.7% engage in water activities. Additionally, 30.4% of residents engage in water activities for an average of 1.5 days/year. We considered direct sunscreen contaminant contamination, which occurs from the application of sunscreen and subsequent water activities, as well as indirect contamination, which occurs when people wash their skin with drinking water that then enters the drainage system. Our analysis indicated that the greatest contribution of sunscreen to the karst aquifer of Quintana Roo, is direct. Chemicals dissolved in water are a danger to aquatic life and human health.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Antiretrovirals on the Sea Urchin Echinometra lucunter and Its Predicted Environmental Concentration in Seawater from Santos Bay (Brazilian Coastal Zone)

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Renato Sakai Cid ◽  
Vinicius Roveri ◽  
Diogo Guedes Vidal ◽  
Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis ◽  
Fernando Sanzi Cortez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Surface Seawater ◽  
Risk Quotient ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Environmental Concentration ◽  
Predicted Environmental Concentration ◽  
The World

Antiretrovirals (ARVs) have been detected in aquatic ecosystems throughout the world; however, studies focused on assessing their ecotoxicological effects on marine aquatic organisms are still rare. In the present study, the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of 13 ARVs was estimated for surface seawater from Santos Bay, Brazil, according to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) guidelines. The results indicated that all ARVs need to be assessed for their ecological effects, considering that they all exceeded the EMEA guideline limits (PEC > 0.01 µg L−1). In this sense, three ARVs (namely atazanavir, nevirapine and efavirenz) were selected for the acute and chronic tests with sea urchin (Echinometra lucunter). Furthermore, the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for these three ARVs was also performed by calculating the risk quotient. The acute and chronic toxicity results showed inhibitory concentrations (IC) for the fertilization (IC50; 1 h; range: 11.46–84.61 mg L−1) and for the embryo–larval development (IC50; 42 h; range: 0.52–0.97 mg L−1) of the sea urchin, respectively. Moreover, the ERA showed that these three ARVs are potentially hazardous for aquatic life in Santos Bay, raising concerns about the continuous introduction of ARVs in aquatic ecosystems. The data presented may contribute to the provision of subsidies for the development of monitoring public policies that aim to reduce the introduction of ARVs into the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals The Role of Aquatic Ecosystems (River Tua, Portugal) as Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonas spp.

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Sónia Gomes ◽  
Conceição Fernandes ◽  
Sandra Monteiro ◽  
Edna Cabecinha ◽  
Amílcar Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Resistance Rates

The inappropriate use of antibiotics, one of the causes of the high incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from aquatic ecosystems, represents a risk for aquatic organisms and the welfare of humans. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance rates among riverine Aeromonas spp., taken as representative of the autochthonous microbiota, to evaluate the level of antibacterial resistance in the Tua River (Douro basin). The prevalence and degree of antibiotic resistance was examined using motile aeromonads as a potential indicator of antimicrobial susceptibility for the aquatic environment. Water samples were collected from the middle sector of the river, which is most impacted area by several anthropogenic pressures. Water samples were plated on an Aeromonas-selective agar, with and without antibiotics. The activity of 19 antibiotics was studied against 30 isolates of Aeromonas spp. using the standard agar dilution susceptibility test. Antibiotic resistance rates were fosfomycin (FOS) 83.33%, nalidixic acid (NA) 60%, cefotaxime (CTX) 40%, gentamicin (CN) 26.67%, tobramycin (TOB) 26.67%, cotrimoxazole (SXT) 26.67%, chloramphenicol (C) 16.67%, and tetracycline (TE) 13.33%. Some of the nalidixic acid-resistant strains were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Multiple resistance was also observed (83.33%). The environmental ubiquity, the natural susceptibility to antimicrobials and the zoonotic potential of Aeromonas spp. make them optimal candidates for studying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic environments may provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance because anthropogenic activities frequently impact them. The potential risk of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans should be considered in a “One Health—One World” concept.

scholarly journals A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2147
Author(s):  
Anjali Krishnan ◽  
Xiaozhen Mou
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Environmental Transformation ◽  
Cyclic Heptapeptide ◽  
Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose an environmental health hazard due to the release of water-soluble cyanotoxins. One of the most prevalent cyanotoxins in nature is microcystins (MCs), a class of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, and they are produced by several common cyanobacteria in aquatic environments. Once released from cyanobacterial cells, MCs are subjected to physical chemical and biological transformations in natural environments. MCs can also be taken up and accumulated in aquatic organisms and their grazers/predators and induce toxic effects in several organisms, including humans. This brief review aimed to summarize our current understanding on the chemical structure, exposure pathway, cytotoxicity, biosynthesis, and environmental transformation of microcystins.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SOME HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION ANALYSES ON THREE COMMON SPECIES OF FISH IN TUNGAN KAWO RESERVOIR KONTAGORA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jr. Kinta ◽  
A. V. Ayanwale ◽  
U. N. Keke ◽  
Y. I. Auta ◽  
B. S. Adama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fish Samples

Developing countries like Nigeria are faced with increased in generation of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes, with a large percentage moving. This study evaluates the physico-chemical and some heavy metals concentration in three common species of fish from Tungan Kawo reservoir Kontagora, Nigeria; using standard methods between (July 2018 – February 2019); at four different sampling stations of human activities on the water. Five heavy metals were evaluated (Lead, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Chromium) in the fish samples. Phosphate (0.4 – 2.5) mg/L, Nitrate (3.2 – 7.5) mg/L, Temperature (27 – 32.4) 0C, Dissolved Oxygen (2.4 – 5.2 mg/L), Conductivity (81 – 125 µS/cm), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (1.9 – 4.4 mg/L), Alkalinity (mg/L) and Total Dissolved Solids (117 – 198) ppm were within the standard for drinking water and survival of fish.  However, the pH (6.3 – 9.8) was above the standard for NIS and WHO drinking water but can support aquatic life. Iron (0.64 ± 0.072 mg/kg) was the most highly concentrated in Synodontis clarias while lead (0.01 ± 0.013 mg/kg) was the lowest in Oreochromis niloticus and Coptidon zillii (formerly Tilapia zillii. This current finding indicates that the water is safe for both aquatic life and domestic purpose but not suitable for direct human consumption without being properly treated. However, there is the need for regular monitoring of the heavy metals load in this water body and the aquatic organisms because of the long term effects

scholarly journals Opportunistic gill infection is associated with TiO2 nanoparticle-induced mortality in zebrafish

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0247859
Author(s):  
Chiao-Yi Huang ◽  
Wei-Sheng Yu ◽  
Geng-Chia Liu ◽  
Shih-Che Hung ◽  
Jen-Hsiang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Total Bacteria

The large amounts of engineered titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) that have been manufactured have inevitably been released into the ecosystem. Reports have suggested that TiO2 is a relatively inert material that has low toxicity to animals. However, as various types of NPs increasingly accumulate in the ocean, their effects on aquatic life-forms remain unclear. In this study, a zebrafish model was used to investigate TiO2NP-induced injury and mortality. We found that the treatment dosages of TiO2NP are positively associated with increased motility of zebrafish and the bacterial counts in the water. Notably, gill but not dorsal fin and caudal fin of the zebrafish displayed considerably increased bacterial load. Metagenomic analysis further revealed that gut microflora, such as phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, involving more than 95% of total bacteria counts in the NP-injured zebrafish gill samples. These results collectively suggest that opportunistic bacterial infections are associated with TiO2NP-induced mortality in zebrafish. Infections secondary to TiO2NP-induced injury could be a neglected factor determining the detrimental effects of TiO2NPs on wild fish.

scholarly journals A Review on Fish Sensory Systems and Amazon Water Types With Implications to Biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio de Almeida Borghezan ◽  
Tiago Henrique da Silva Pires ◽  
Takehide Ikeda ◽  
Jansen Zuanon ◽  
Shiro Kohshima
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Lighting Environment

The Amazon has the highest richness of freshwater organisms in the world, which has led to a multitude of hypotheses on the mechanisms that generated this biodiversity. However, most of these hypotheses focus on the spatial distance of populations, a framework that fails to provide an explicit mechanism of speciation. Ecological conditions in Amazon freshwaters can be strikingly distinct, as it has been recognized since Alfred Russel Wallace’s categorization into black, white, and blue (= clear) waters. Water types reflect differences in turbidity, dissolved organic matter, electrical conductivity, pH, amount of nutrients and lighting environment, characteristics that directly affect the sensory abilities of aquatic organisms. Since natural selection drives evolution of sensory systems to function optimally according to environmental conditions, the sensory systems of Amazon freshwater organisms are expected to vary according to their environment. When differences in sensory systems affect chances of interbreeding between populations, local adaptations may result in speciation. Here, we briefly present the limnologic characteristics of Amazonian water types and how they are expected to influence photo-, chemical-, mechano-, and electro-reception of aquatic organisms, focusing on fish. We put forward that the effect of different water types on the adaptation of sensory systems is an important mechanism that contributed to the evolution of fish diversity. We point toward underexplored research perspectives on how divergent selection may act on sensory systems and thus contribute to the origin and maintenance of the biodiversity of Amazon aquatic environments.

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