scholarly journals Sport Events Customers’ Behavior in the Light of Hedonic Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Daniel Adrian Gârdan ◽  
Iuliana Petronela Gârdan ◽  
Mihai Andronie ◽  
Ionel Dumitru

Consumption of sport events has raised the specialists’ interest since it has become a global phenomenon, accessible to a large mass of consumers. At the same time, this consumption generates implications from an economic, social, and cultural point of view, in the countries/locations where various sport events have been organized, through the development of cultural and sport tourism. Sport event consumption belongs to the category of consumption acts that presume total implication apart from individuals and accordingly, their emotional involvement. This involvement is correlated on the one hand with the typology and the nature of needs and consumption motives underlying this consumption, and on the other hand with the more and more intensive promotion of these events and the easier participation access of consumers. Consumer involvement is a multidimensional construct, so the idea of an “involvement profile” is more appropriate to describe how the consumer relates to such products or services. The purpose of our paper is to clarify whether involvement within consumption for sport events customers is determining a specific behavior for the hedonic type of consumption also related to other categories of products or services. The consumption of sport events represents mainly a hedonic type of consumption correlated with a high level of emotional involvement during the consumption process, an involvement developed against the backdrop of the special role, and specific meaning that sport events can have at the level of individuals’ perception.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7238
Author(s):  
Roberto Martín-González ◽  
Kamilla Swart ◽  
Ana-María Luque-Gil

Sport tourism has experienced considerable growth in the last decades, either from the sport events perspective or considering an active sport tourism approach. Therefore, some emergent market niches like surf tourism have been developed in numerous coastal destinations to attract sustainability-sensitive tourists due to the ongoing environmental challenges and the socio-economic crisis. Cape Town is positioned in a prominent place in terms of competitiveness, with a considerable variety of beaches and surf spots facing multiple issues. The aim of this study is to try to identify the most competitive beaches and subdistricts in terms of sustainability and to suggest criteria for surf-tourism-related indicators to obtain an overview about this space, using weighting indicators, and applying geography and political economy lenses. The results reveal that Strand, Table View, and Surfers’ Corner are the most competitive beaches. Additionally, beaches located in some underprivileged areas such as Mitchells Plain and Khayelitsha are potentially interesting from a socio-economic development point of view, although they show a lack of accommodation infrastructures. These results seem to indicate that those areas should be closely monitored, and destination managers should focus their attention and finance there to obtain a more sustainable surf tourism development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Jan Pacholski

From travel accounts to guidebooks: The beginnings of guidebooks to the Giant Mountains Karkonosze for travellers in the late 18th and early 19th centuryIn the history of European tourism the Giant Mountains Karkonosze occupy a unique place thanks to the Chapel of St. Lawrence, funded by Count Christoph Leopold Schaffgotsch and located on the summit of Śnieżka. Its construction in the Habsburg dominions in the turbulent period of the Counter-Reformation was meant to finally put an end to the Silesian-Bohemian border dispute and become a visible sign of Catholic rule over the highest mountain range of the two neighbouring countries. The construction of the chapel also marked the beginning of tourism in the highest range of the Sudetes; initially, its nature was religious and focused on pilgrimages to the summit of Śnieżka, featuring, in addition to local inhabitants, also sanatorium visitors to Cieplice Warmbrunn, which was owned by the Schaffgotschs.After the three Silesian Wars, as a result of which the lands to the north of the mountains were separated from the Habsburgs’ Kingdom of Bohemia, the situation in the region changed radically. The Counter-Reformation pressure ceased and the Lutherans began to grow in importance, supported as they were by the decidedly pro-Protestant Prussian state, governed by its tolerant monarch.The period was also marked by an unprecedented growth in the literature on the Giant Mountains — there were poems Tralles, nature studies Volkmar and travel accounts GutsMuths, Troschel and others written about the highest range of the Sudetes. A special role among these writings was played by works aimed at introducing the public from the capital Berlin to the new province of the Kingdom of Prussia, especially to the mountains, so exotic from the point of view of the “groves and sands” of Brandenburg. These publications were written primarily by Lutheran clergymen, which was not without significance to the nature of the works. This was also a time when the first guidebooks to the Giant Mountains were written, with many of their authors also coming from the same milieu.What emerges from this image is a kind of confessionalisation of tourism in the highest mountains of Silesia and Bohemia: on the one hand there are mass Catholic pilgrimages and on the other — a new type of individual tourists who, with a book in hand, traverse mountain paths in a decidedly more independent fashion.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudha Andana Prawira ◽  
Titim Kurnia

The National Education World is currently trying to improve the ability of its students to think critically and creatively. One of these efforts has been pursued through evaluations that also lead to critical reflection. This research is a descriptive analysis of the final semester evaluation questions that are examined from the point of view of high-level thinking [HOTS]. The reference to the HOTS criteria is that the researcher refers to the opinions of King and his friends. From the manuscript data, the issues examined are samples from the Bandung area. The results of the analysis show that 10 out of 15 HOTS ranges proposed by King are already included in the scripts made by the teachers. On the one hand, it shows the teacher's creativity in compiling questions. On the other hand, all these questions do not refer to the HOTS criteria as planned. Therefore, there is a need to increase teachers' skills in compiling scripts as HOTS. This increase can be done through teacher training.Keywords: Evaluation, HOTS, critical thinking and creativity thingking


Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Tello-Díaz ◽  
José-Antonio Rebollo-González

Nowadays, the important role of the sport in our society is undeniable. From the Physical Education point of view, we must take its values and we must transmit them to our pupils. Let us think that it is not sufficient with presenting sports at school, but it must have a direct transference that affects our pupils’ free time transforming it into an active leisure, because the Physical Education has the purpose to achieve the integral education of the pupils. In this sense, it seems necessary to form good spectators to be critics with which they see and that they value the principles of all sport activity and to appreciate the different sport manifestations they attend, contributing to form different opinions to achieve an integral education. The mass media, and particularly the television, present a set of values that turn around several axes (exit, competition, consumption, possessiveness). The television must have the purpose of entertaining, of informing and of educating; but if we compared the values that arise from the sport competitions emitted on television with the values that we tried to promote at schools, we could question ourselves if they are at the same level, or, on the contrary, they aim in opposite ways. The sport activity occupies an important role in the leisure of the young people, on the one hand as a sport practice and, on a second hand, as spectators of sport events. From our subject, we want to contribute providing a meaningfulness to these activities for our students and, to reach, as Pierre de Couvertin said that all the sports were for everybody, pleading for a global sport in which any limit of age, physical condition, sex… En los tiempos que corren es innegable el papel que juega el deporte como gran agente social en nuestra sociedad. Desde el área de Educación Física debemos utilizar los valores tan extraordinariamente importantes que nos aporta y que de una manera decidida tenemos que transmitir a nuestro alumnado. Consideramos que no es suficiente con dar a conocer los deportes en el ámbito educativo; no parece suficiente con que trabajemos para que hagan deporte, sino que éste tenga una transferencia directa que incida en su tiempo libre transformándolo en un ocio activo, ya que la Educación Física, como área del currículum escolar, tiene como finalidad posibilitar la formación integral del alumnado, desarrollando todas las capacidades del ser humano. En este sentido, parece necesario conseguir buenos espectadores, que sean críticos con lo que ven y que valoren los principios de toda actividad deportiva y sepan apreciar desde una perspectiva crítica las diferentes manifestaciones a las que asisten como espectadores, aportando opiniones fundamentadas que contribuyan de alguna manera a su formación integral. Señala Cagigal que todo deporte organizado para el ocio y para la educación, como el espontáneo de cualquier movimiento popular es cada vez más, otra realidad distinta del deporte espectáculo. Por tanto, debemos ser conscientes de que no sólo es deporte el que sale en la televisión, sino mucho más, y nosotros desde estas líneas queremos mostrar algunas ideas encaminadas a desarrollar ese espíritu crítico en nuestro alumnado. Somos conscientes que desde los medios de comunicación, en general, y de la televisión, en particular, se desprende una jerarquía de valores que giran en torno a una serie de ejes (éxito, competencia, consumo, posesividad...). Aunque sabemos que la televisión debe tener la triple finalidad de entretener, informar y educar, si nos detenemos a analizar los valores que emanan de las competiciones deportivas emitidas por televisión y los valores que intentamos proporcionar, propiciar y potenciar desde los centros educativos, podríamos cuestionarnos si están en la misma línea, con el mismo frente común o, por el contrario, apuntan en sentidos opuestos. Como señalan los estudios al respecto, la actividad deportiva ocupa un lugar preponderante en lo que es el ocio activo de nuestros jóvenes, por una parte como práctica deportiva y, por otra, como espectadores de eventos deportivos. Por lo tanto, desde nuestra asignatura queremos contribuir a que estas actividades sean lo más significativas posible entre nuestro alumnado y, en definitiva, conseguir como señalaba el barón Pierre de Couvertin, que todos los deportes sean para todos, abogando por un deporte globalizador en el que no existan límites de edad, condición física, sexo…


Author(s):  
Evgeniya Chernyh

The population of many developing countries, including Russia, is characterized by a high level of resistance and immunity to innovations affecting their fundamental rights and freedoms. Opportunities for the introduction and application of digital medicine are perceived skeptically, on the one hand from the point of view of its fantasticism, on the other — its riskiness. A significant part of the ideas about it is based on an existential and ethical threat, which currently has virtually no scientific evidence or prerequisites. while the real problem is that the modern legal reality is not ready for rapid technological progress. legislation is not able to properly regulate social relations, the existence of which yesterday seemed unrealistic, and today they are rapidly integrated into our lives. only the formation of a comprehensive unified view of the essence and content of digital medicine can help solve this issue. Whereas this becomes possible only after assessing all the existing risks of its legal implementation, which is what this article is devoted to.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
A.V. Agarkov ◽  
A. F. Dmitriev ◽  
A. N. Kvochko ◽  
N.V. Agarkov ◽  

Changes of immunological reactivity to viral and bacterial antigens can cause in-creased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Different levels of this changes in newborn and adult animal organisms should be based on the fetus and newborn reactivity, first coming into contact with the antigen after birth, whereas the adult organism already has partial sensitization. Chronic vectors of pathological agents in animals and their in-fluence on the spread of infectious process is a persisting problem of modern veterinary medicine. The ability to use vaccination in newborns is limited by the presence of maternal antibodies that have immunosuppres-sive effects. High level of functional abilities of preg-nant organism is important in prevention of intrauterine infection. Infection in the prena-tal period of development affects fetal growth and development processes on the one hand, and on the other - isoimmuniza-tion of the maternal organism with fetal anti-gens occurs, accompanied by increased sen-sitivity of the organism with predominant manifestation of cellular phenomena, in the absence of increased synthesis of antibodies. Given the high importance of the functional reserves of the newborn organism, the intra-uterine development and completeness of the placental barrier are important. Detection of the transportation of infectious agent in inac-tive phase during pregnancy of different gestational period should be considered from the point of view of avidity and seropositivi-ty of pregnant animals. The high variety of clinical manifesta-tions of intrauterine infection requires the development of minimally invasive methods of antenatal and intranatal prediction, which allow at the stage of pregnancy and/or child-birth to assess the presence of an agent in a very small amount as the risk of the future development of infectious disease of the fetus and newborn, or complications of the early neonatal period.


2019 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
V. Bosnyk

The article examines officer cadets’ activities in two aspects from the point of view of the system-genetic approach. On the one hand, the officer cadets receive professional training at military university, and on the other, they simultaneously serve in the army. The used expert evaluation method helps the author to determine the cadets’ qualities united into four groups: volitional, motivational, cognitive and communicative abilities. It has been established that some personally important qualities are being changed during cadets’ training, namely, responsibility, diligence, activity, purposefulness and communicative abilities. The analysed dynamics of average values of the qualities important for cadets’ training indicates that volitional psychological qualities increase steadily from the first to the third academic year. During the fourth academic year, volitional qualities decrease, generally, or remain at the same level. The cadets’ motivation gradually decreases during education. The indicators of communicative and organizational abilities remain at a stable high level during university training, and intellectual abilities are even higher than average. Thus, from the academic year to the academic year, the number of psychological qualities influencing directly cadets’ successful training increases. The volitional component becomes more important at the senior courses, but communicative abilities decreases. Of all the qualities important for learning studied at the research, only intellectual abilities are statistically significantly correlate with learning success during all academic years.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 11-32
Author(s):  
Jan Pacholski

From travel accounts to guidebooks: The beginnings of guidebooks to the Giant Mountains Karkonosze for travellers in the late 18th and early 19th centuryIn the history of European tourism the Giant Mountains Karkonosze occupy a unique place thanks to the Chapel of St. Lawrence, funded by Count Christoph Leopold Schaffgotsch and located on the summit of Śnieżka. Its construction in the Habsburg dominions in the turbulent period of the Counter-Reformation was meant to finally put an end to the Silesian-Bohemian border dispute and become a visible sign of Catholic rule over the highest mountain range of the two neighbouring countries. The construction of the chapel also marked the beginning of tourism in the highest range of the Sudetes; initially, its nature was religious and focused on pilgrimages to the summit of Śnieżka, featuring, in addition to local inhabitants, also sanatorium visitors to Cieplice Warmbrunn, which was owned by the Schaffgotschs.After the three Silesian Wars, as a result of which the lands to the north of the mountains were separated from the Habsburgs’ Kingdom of Bohemia, the situation in the region changed radically. The Counter-Reformation pressure ceased and the Lutherans began to grow in importance, supported as they were by the decidedly pro-Protestant Prussian state, governed by its tolerant monarch.The period was also marked by an unprecedented growth in the literature on the Giant Mountains — there were poems Tralles, nature studies Volkmar and travel accounts GutsMuths, Troschel and others written about the highest range of the Sudetes. A special role among these writings was played by works aimed at introducing the public from the capital Berlin to the new province of the Kingdom of Prussia, especially to the mountains, so exotic from the point of view of the “groves and sands” of Brandenburg. These publications were written primarily by Lutheran clergymen, which was not without significance to the nature of the works. This was also a time when the first guidebooks to the Giant Mountains were written, with many of their authors also coming from the same milieu.What emerges from this image is a kind of confessionalisation of tourism in the highest mountains of Silesia and Bohemia: on the one hand there are mass Catholic pilgrimages and on the other — a new type of individual tourists who, with a book in hand, traverse mountain paths in a decidedly more independent fashion.


Author(s):  
Jiří Vystoupil ◽  
Martin Šauer ◽  
Ondřej Repík

On the one hand, tourism is a significantly spatially differentiated socio‑economic phenomenon, bound to the attractiveness of local conditions. On the other hand, it is a sectional phenomenon which requires a high level of coordination and cooperation of all tourism stakeholders. This is the background for the practical implementation of tourism policy. The state’s conceptual activity and its institutions are irreplaceable in this respect. From this point of view, a prerequisite for quality economic‑political decisions of the existence of materials and methods, which these features respect, is necessary. One of these prerequisites is a quantitative analysis of tourism potential in the Czech Republic, which should be a basis for direct and targeted state’s interventions into the improvement of public infrastructure of tourism in the area. The main purpose of the quantitative analysis of tourism potential is to objectively measure the tourism potential, i.e., to set the criteria for the evaluation of its national, regional, and local importance and consequently, conduct a comparative analysis of the tourism areas and centers of importance according to the key types of tourism. Finally, on the basis of the processed factual, statistical and cartographic information to propose functionally spatial delimitation of tourism potential.


2014 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Juan Calduch Cervera

Los dibujos del levantamiento de un edificio suponen, ya, un alto grado de abstracción o conceptualización que consiste en traducir en elementos gráficos la información aportada por la imagen sensible. Cuando el paso entre la visión del edificio a  su imagen dibujada está mediatizado por el lenguaje hablado o escrito, el dibujo es más elocuente del pensamiento de quien lo traza que del autor que lo describe o la realidad a la que se remite. Los dibujos de la basílica antigua elaborados a partir del tratado de Vitruvio por Fra Giocondo (1511), Cesariano (1523), Palladio (1556, 1570), Perrault (1673) Galiani (1758) y Ortíz y Sanz (1778), así como sus diferencias, más que la idea del tratadista romano, nos permiten conocer los intereses que movían a sus respectivos autores. Abstract Any drawing representing a building implies by itself a high level of abstraction and conceptualization, because it supposes the translation into graphic elements of all the complex information kept by our senses. This situation becomes even more extreme when this process does not begin from the direct observation of the building, but from a spoken or written language. For this reason, the drawing of a building which has been described in a narration, talks on fact more about its author’s point of view, than about the one who is describing it, or even more than the real building itself. The drawings of the basilicas using Vitruvius’ treatise as a reference, and made by Fra Giocondo (1511),  Cesariano (1523), Palladio (1556, 1570), Perrault (1673),  Galiani (1758) and Ortiz y Sanz (1778), more than talking about roman’s author ideas, allow us to know the thoughts of their respective authors.


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