Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of methanol extract and secondary metabolites from Wualae rhizome (Etlingera elatior)

The rhizome of Etlingera elatior or Wualae (Tolakinese) has many advantages on traditional remedies and cooking in Sulawesi Tenggara. To support those advantages, two secondary metabolites derived from steroid and phenylpropanoic acid classes, stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-one (1) and p-coumaric acid (2), respectively, have been firstly isolated and identified from the E. elatior rhizome. Isolation of these two compounds was performed using several chromatography techniques, including thin layer chromatography (TLC), vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and radial chromatography (RC). Identification of isolates was carried out using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and comparing the spectroscopy data with the library. The potency of antibacterial of the methanol extract of Wualae rhizome and the isolates were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0060, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 using agar diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results show that the antibacterial potential of Wualae methanol extract is better than compound 1 and 2. Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of Compound 2 (IC50 159.47 μg/mL) was stronger than the antioxidant properties of Compound 1 (IC50 219.95 μg/mL) and the methanol extract (IC50 586.38 μg/mL).

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Isolation of the antidiarrhoeal tiliroside and its derivative from Waltheria indica leaf extract

Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine ◽

10.4314/njnpm.v25i1.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 86-92

Author(s):

B.A. Ayinde ◽

J.O. Owolabi ◽

I.S. Uti ◽

P.C. Ogbeta ◽

M.I. Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Silica Gel ◽

Column Chromatography ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽

Ileum Contraction ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Dose Dependent

The antidiarrhoeal effect of Waltheria indica methanol extract and fractions have been reported earlier but, the present work examined the intestinal relaxant effects of two flavonoid-phenyl propanoids isolated from the methanol extract. The active aqueous fraction was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography using dichloromethane with increasing concentration of ethyl acetate, and that of methanol and water successively. The ten (10) fractions obtained were combined to give seven (7). The fraction 2 (C, D) was subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography on silica gel GF254 (10-40μm) using CHCl3-CH3OH (8:2) to obtain compound coded F2. Fraction 4 (F) was subjected to column chromatography using silica gel (60-120μm mesh) and eluted with dichloromethane with increasing concentrations of methanol. Fractions 9-28 were combined and subjected to column chromatography using chloroform with increasing concentration of methanol. The fractions 1-16 of these were purified on Sephadex LH-20 to obtain compound BAA. The identities of the two compounds were established using spectroscopic methods. The antidiarrheal effect of compound F2 was evaluated on mice using charcoal transit (100,200, 400mg/kg), castor oil (40, 60 mg/kg) while the two compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on Ach-induced ileum contraction. The effects of the compounds were compared with loperamide (3mg/kg) and atropine (80μg). Compounds F2 and BAA were identified as tiliroside and 3’’’, 5’’’-dimethoxy tiliroside respectively. Tiliroside inhibited the charcoal transition in the animals in a dose dependent pattern with 400mg/ mL eliciting 63.41% inhibition compared to 59.23% produced by loperamide. The compound also elicited significantly (P<0.05) prolonged onset of stooling and reduced the number and weight of stools produced lower than the control. The two compounds drastically inhibited the Ach-induced contractions of the ileum. The compound, tiliroside at 10mg, completely abolished the contraction by Ach unlike 3’’’, 5’’’-dimethoxy tiliroside which reduced the contraction to 1.92% at 20mg. The identified compounds seem to be responsible for the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in treating diarrhea.

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IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES COMPOUNDS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES ON THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF SEA CUCUMBER Stichopus hermanii

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v4i2.7799 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abdullah Rasyid

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Agar Diffusion Method

Identification of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities assay of methanol extract of sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii were conducted from May to July 2011 at the Natural Products Laboratory, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Sea cucumber used in this study comes from South Lampung waters. Objective of the study was to get information of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii. The extraction method which used in this experiment was the maceration method using methanol solvent. Identification of secondary metabolites was performed through observing reaction of colors, precipitation, and foaming. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from sea cucumber were tested using agar diffusion method and reducing of free radicals 1.1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) respectively. The results showed that secondary metabolites identified in the methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii were saponin and steroids. Both secondary metabolites had antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio eltor and Bacilus subtilis. The analysis of antioxidant activity showed that the IC50 value of methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii was about 65.08 ppm. It indicated that S. hermanii is having potency as antibacterial and antioxidant. Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidants, sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii, secondary metabolites

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Хар мод /larix sibirica ldb./-ны мөчрийн боомын нян /bacillus anthracis/-гийн эсрэг идэвхит нэгдлийн судалгаа

Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences ◽

10.5564/pmas.v51i199.835 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 58-66

Author(s):

Эрдэнэбаатар П ◽

Батхүү Ж ◽

Ганболд Д ◽

Оюунцэцэг Ш ◽

Отгонбаатар Д ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methanol Extract ◽

13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Larix Sibirica ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Isopimaric Acid ◽

Causal Pathogen ◽

Potential Activity

No Mongolian AbstractThe methanol extract and its water nonsoluble fraction of the stem of Larix sibirica Ldb. exhibited a good inhibition activity against M.luteus strain and anthrax causal pathogen B.anthracis 90, 120, 147, 178 by the disc diffusion method. Activity-guided isolation of the water nonsoluble resin fraction led to the isolation of isopimaric acid which molecular structure was determined by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy and MS methods. Isopimaric acid exhibited a potential activity against M.luteus bacterial strain (9.5 mm) and B.anthracis 90 –17 mm, 120–15 mm, 147–15 mm, 178–17 mm, respectively.

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IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES COMPOUNDS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES ON THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF SEA CUCUMBER Stichopus hermanii

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v4i2.7799 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdullah Rasyid

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Agar Diffusion Method

Identification of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities assay of methanol extract of sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii were conducted from May to July 2011 at the Natural Products Laboratory, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Sea cucumber used in this study comes from South Lampung waters. Objective of the study was to get information of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii. The extraction method which used in this experiment was the maceration method using methanol solvent. Identification of secondary metabolites was performed through observing reaction of colors, precipitation, and foaming. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from sea cucumber were tested using agar diffusion method and reducing of free radicals 1.1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) respectively. The results showed that secondary metabolites identified in the methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii were saponin and steroids. Both secondary metabolites had antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio eltor and Bacilus subtilis. The analysis of antioxidant activity showed that the IC50 value of methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii was about 65.08 ppm. It indicated that S. hermanii is having potency as antibacterial and antioxidant. Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidants, sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii, secondary metabolites

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Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Mahonia napaulensis (Jamanemandro) Bark Extract

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v20i1.39429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

Ranjan Paudel ◽

Rabi Kiran Sharma ◽

Shreeya Bhandari ◽

Manan Koirala ◽

Ganesh Bhandari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methanol Extract ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Mahonia napaulensis also known as “Jamanemandro” in Nepali is a medium-sized stiff evergreen shrub widely distributed in South East Asia at an altitude of 1000-2000m, is traditionally used to treat dysentery and eye inflammation. This research focuses on screening of the phytochemicals, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of this plant. The methanolic extract was prepared using a Soxhlet apparatus. The antioxidant properties of extract were carried out by 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values from 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of terpenoids, reducing sugars, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides including cardiac glycosides and steroids. The antimicrobial activity was studied using the disc diffusion method in five different human pathogens named Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella spps. The methanol extract was compared with standard chloramphenicol and showed that methanolic extract of is M.napaulensis exhibit maximum effect against S. aureus with higher growth inhibition zones (27.3 mm), followed by P. aeruginosa, Shigella spps., E. coli and S. typhi. These antimicrobial properties showed similar effect to that of positive control, chloramphenicol. The IC50 values from DPPH radical scavenging were 230.89 µg/mL and 182.73 µg/mL of methanol extract and ascorbic acid, respectively. Due to this antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of M. napaulensis it was widely applicable in biomedical field.

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Synthesis of biginelli products of thiobarbituric acids and their antimicrobial activity

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc090106060d ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 75 (8) ◽

pp. 1033-1040 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Vijay Dabholkar ◽

Dilip Ravi

Keyword(s):

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

One Pot ◽

1H And 13C Nmr ◽

Dicarbonyl Compound ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Cyclocondensation Reaction ◽

Representative Samples

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of 2,4,7-tri(substituted)phenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraza-3,9-dithioxo-5- oxobicyclo[4.4.0]dec-1(6)-ene (4) and 2,4,7-tri(substituted)phenyl- 2,4,8,10-tetraza-3-thioxo-5,9-dioxobicyclo[4.4.0]dec-1(6)-ene (5), by a one-pot, three-component cyclocondensation reaction of a 1,3 dicarbonyl compound (thiobarbituric acid), an aromatic aldehyde, and urea/thiourea using catalytic a amount of concentrated HCl in refluxing ethanol. Representative samples were screened for their anti-microbial activity against the gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Proteus aeruginosa, and the gram-positive bacteria, Staphyllococcus aureus, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae using the disc diffusion method. The structures of the products were confirmed by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, as well as by elemental analysis.

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Metabolic Profiling and Chemical-Based Antioxidant Assays of Green and Red Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300313 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chang Ha Park ◽

Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽

Thanislas Bastin Baskar ◽

Jae Kwang Kim ◽

Sang Un Park

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Metabolite Profiling ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Peroxide Radical ◽

Β Carotene

Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) is an important leaf vegetable crop worldwide. The total phenolic content was higher in the red skirt methanol extracts with a level of 64.9 ± 0.3 mg GA/g, and phenolic content of green skirt was 49.4 ± 0.3 mg GA/g. The total flavonoid content in the methanol extract of red skirt showed the highest concentration (291.6 ± 9.0 mg rutin/g), followed by green skirt (223 ± 9.8 mg rutin/g). The red skirt showed a higher content of anthocyanin (23.7 ± 0.8 mg/100 g) compared to the green skirt (7.4 ± 0.9 mg/100 g). Seven carotenoids i.e., lutein, β–carotene, 9 Z–β–carotene, 13 Z–β–carotene, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and α–carotene were detected in both cultivars. The polar metabolites are strongly associated with the metabolites that participate in the TCA cycle. Correlations between primary and secondary metabolites were easily achieved by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS)-based metabolite profiling method. Red skirt methanol extract showed 77.5 ± 0.4% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity, 50.8 ± 0.8% hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay and absorbance value (0.052) reducing power assay at 250 μL/mL, having significantly higher activity than the green skirt extract. The red lettuce extract also showed higher levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, and it possesses more antioxidant properties compared to the green skirt extract. In this study we compared two cultivars of lettuce, red skirt and green skirt, for various nutritional parameters and to understand the association of secondary metabolites with their corresponding primary metabolites. From the overall analysis, it is confirmed that GC-TOFMS-based metabolite profiling is an appropriate method for determining biochemical reactions and also acts as a combined resource to understand primary and secondary metabolism.

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Synthesis, characterisation, and biological activity of three new amide prodrugs of lamotrigine with reduced hepatotoxicity

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-010-0094-7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saurabh Sinha ◽

Prabhat Shrivastava ◽

Sushant Shrivastava

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Partition Coefficients ◽

Cell Damage ◽

13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Glutathione Depletion ◽

1H And 13C Nmr ◽

In Vitro Hydrolysis ◽

Anticonvulsant Activities ◽

Layer Chromatography

AbstractLamotrigine (LTG) is an antiepileptic drug used for the prevention of convulsions. Except several known side effects, hepatic dysfunction is also reported. Hepatotoxic side effects occur due to the dichlorophenyl moiety which develops an abnormally low level of glutathione. Depletion of glutathione causes oxidative stress and hepatic cell damage. The goal of the present study was to test the action and side effects of the three compounds synthesised and compared to LTG. Three amide prodrugs of LTG were synthesised by its reaction with N-acetylamino acids, viz, glycine, glutamic acid, and methionine. Purified synthesised prodrugs were subjected to thin layer chromatography, melting point, solubility and partition coefficients determination and characterised by UV, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The synthesised prodrugs were subjected to in vitro hydrolysis and to anticonvulsant and hepatotoxic activity studies. Significant reduction in hepatotoxicity and comparable anticonvulsant activities were obtained in all synthesised prodrugs as compared to LTG.

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Black Velvet Tamarind: Phytochemical Analysis, Antiradical and Antimicrobial Properties of the Seed Extract for Human Therapeutic and Health Benefits

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2021.10406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 249-255

Author(s):

Ololade Zacchaeus S ◽

◽

Anuoluwa Iyadunni A ◽

Adejuyitan Johnson A ◽

Uyaboerigha Daubotei I ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Black Velvet Tamarind (BVT) is a famous edible fruit with multiple therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites and evaluate the medicinal activities of the seed extract of the plant in order to scientifically report its possible medicinal applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The pulverized seed was extracted with methanol/ethylacetate (2:1) and the concentrated extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the antioxidant capacity was evaluated using galvinoxyl and 2,2ʹ-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays while the antibacterial activity was determined by agar-well diffusion method. From the GC-MS analysis, Twenty (20) organic compounds were identified in the seed extract, accounting for 99.3% of the identifiable components in the seed extract, and the main constituents were:4-O-methylmannose (40.46%), 9,9-dimethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,4-dione (12.30%), palmitic acid (10.00%), nitroisobutylglycerol (8.60%), simiarenol (4.77%) and methyl-α-d-mannofuranoside (4.70%). The extract also contained some notable therapeutically active phenolic compounds such as dihydrochavicol (3.60%), p-chloro-m-cresol (0.67%) and p-vinylguaiacol (0.1%). The seed extract possesses significant free radical scavenging and antioxidant (IC50 and AAI) properties; for galvinoxyl assay (30.00-34.00%), 5.0 and 8.4 and DPPH assay (86.78-90.57%), 6.0 and AAI of 6.7, respectively. The result showed that the antioxidant properties of the seed extract of BVT increased in dose-concentration manner due to the synergetic activity of secondary metabolites present in the seed extract. This study showed that the seed of BVT possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial potential and it might be useful against ROS and RNS induced disorders. The seed of BVT can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidant. The extract has high inhibitory effects at different concentrations (1000-250 µgml-1 ) on Enterococcus faecalis (30 mm) and Serratia marcescens (15 mm) isolated from clinical samples. The susceptibility of Gram positive and negative bacterial strains to the seed extract was due to the synergic activities of the secondary metabolites in the seed extract, most especially the phenolic compound and the terpenoids. This study showed that the seed extract of BVT has medicinally bioactive phytochemicals that may be useful in the formulation of food preservatives or drug supplements and treatment of bacterial infections

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The potency of Sansevieria trifasciata and S. cylindrica leaves extracts as an antibacterial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Whika Dewatisari ◽

Laurentius Hartanto Nugroho ◽

Endah Retnaningrum ◽

Yekti Asih Purwestri

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽

Layer Chromatography

Abstract. Nugroho LH, Dewatisari WF, Retnaningrum E, Purwestri YA. 2021. The potency of Sansevieria trifasciata and S. cylindrica leaves extracts as an antibacterial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biodiversitas 22: 408-415. Sansevieria trifasciata and Sansevieria cylindrica are the major herbs in Indonesia, which contain several bioactive compounds as potential sources of antibacterial agents. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of S. trifasciata and S. cylindrica leaves extract and fraction against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to identify its bioactive compounds. Crude ethanolic extract of S. trifasciata and S. cylindrica leaves were tested for their antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion method against P. aeruginosa. S. trifasciata showed strong antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 18.3 mm compared to S. cylindrica. Different concentrations of extract i.e. 4 mg/mL, 8 mg/mL, 16 mg/mL, 32 mg/mL, 64 mg/mL, 128 mg/mL and 256 mg/mL were tested for their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The MIC results showed that the S. trifasciata extract was able to inhibit bacterial growth at a concentration of 32 mg/mL. Results of vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed that only fraction 3 showed the highest antibacterial activity at 16 mg/mL. In TLC bioautography analysis, fraction 3 showed a clear zone at Rf 0.93. The phytochemical analysis showed that terpenoid, phenolic, triterpenoid, and flavonoid compounds were found in S. trifasciata extract that were associated with antibacterial activity.

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