scholarly journals Empirical evaluation of home-based reablement: A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Bersvendsen ◽  
Jochen Jungeilges ◽  
Eirik Abildsnes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa

Home-based reablement (HBR) aims to restore or increase patients’ level of functioning, thereby increasing the patients’ self-reliance and consequently decreasing their dependence on healthcare services. To date, the evidence on whether HBR is an efficient method has not been comprehensively reviewed. The aim of this study was to provide a concise summary of relevant existing findings. In addition, we provide a critical constructive assessment of the publications reflecting the extant research.  The relevant literature on this topic was identified through a systematic search of appropriate databases. Thereafter, we screened the studies, first by title, followed by abstract and then by assessing full-text eligibility. A checklist of 15 criteria was developed and used as the basis for the quality assessment. In total, 12 studies from Australia, New Zealand, the USA and Norway were included in the full-text review. The studies reported estimated cost differences between HBR and usual care after the intervention. All the studies indicated lower costs for HBR, but not all of them reported a significant difference. The same pattern was also found for other measures of physical functioning and quality of life. The assessment revealed one specific common pattern: None of the papers scrutinized provided sufficient information about the data or the statistics employed, and all lacked external validity. Some promising results have been reported with respect to HBR reducing the need for specialist or residential care. In short, the existing evidence regarding the effects of HBR is still inconclusive. The findings from the quality assessment should motivate a multidisciplinary approach for future research on HBR. Published: Online May 2021. 

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in low-and-middle-income countries: scoping review protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce T. Shatilwe ◽  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Healthcare Information

Abstract Background Research shows that there are inadequate interventions in resource-limited settings that could enable women of reproductive age to access and use health services in those settings. The main objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in LMICs. Method and analysis The primary search will include Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, CINAHL with full text, MEDLINE with full text, MEDLINE), Emerald, Embase, CDSR, PsycINFO, published and peer review journals, organisational projects, conference papers, reference list, grey literature sources, as well as reports related to this objective will be included in the study. Identified keywords will be used to search articles from the studies. The articles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers (JS and TPMT). Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be considered to guide the screening. A thematic content analysis will be used to present the narrative account of the reviews, using NVivo computer software (version 11). Discussions The scoping review will focus on women of reproductive age in LMICs. We anticipate finding relevant literature on the interventions aimed at accessing health care services in LMICs. The study findings will help reveal research gaps to guide future research. Scoping review registration Not registered with PROSPERO (not needed). Protocol and registration This scoping review was not registered.

A systematic review on the health of African immigrants in the United States: synthesizing recommendations for future research

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Jason Semprini
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Full Text ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Final Synthesis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of published literature studying the health of African immigrants in the USA and to develop a formal set of recommendations for future researchers aiming to improve the health outcomes in this population. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive search was initiated on PubMed, Cochrane, ERIC, DOAJ, Prospero and Scopus databases. Final inclusion criteria were: systematic reviews, studying African Immigrants in the USA, measuring a clinical health outcome, since 1999. Articles were screened in four stages by title, abstract, full-text of the review and full-text of the primary studies within each review. Data was abstracted by identifying general information, study population, outcome measurements, conclusions and recommendations of each review. Findings In the initial search, 519 potential reviews were identified. After removing duplicates, 473 articles were excluded by screening the title or abstract. After a full-text review of each article and primary study within each article, nine reviews were included in the final synthesis. Reviews covered Female Genital Cutting and Pregnancy Outcomes, Caesarean Births, Gestational Diabetes, Cancer, HIV/AIDS, Body-weight and Acculturation. Among the primary reports included in the final synthesis, less than 50 per cent studied African immigrants in the USA. African Americans living in the USA made up only 11 per cent of the pooled study sample. Research limitations/implications Immigrants from Africa are one of the fastest-growing populations in the USA. This group has been underrepresented in health research, leading to a poor understanding of the group’s health outcomes. Health researchers must adopt recommendations and prioritize studies that meet the health needs of Africans during this time of demographic transition. Originality/value Systematic reviews represent a bedrock of medical evidence and signify a solid understanding of accepted knowledge in the field. Systematic reviews, however, do not necessarily constitute the end of discovery. Researchers can use existing systematic reviews to critique previous studies or initiate future research. There remain significant research gaps analyzing the health outcomes, behaviors and treatment of subgroups of African immigrants living in the USA. Future research should shift toward the growing needs of the population, leveraging the strengths and diversity of African immigrants now living in the USA.

scholarly journals The application of Artificial Intelligence to Ophthalmology: A bibliometric study (2000-2021)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Xiaoshu Zhou ◽  
Wencai Du ◽  
Lina Huang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Visual Science ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa

Background. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an advanced technology for the latest 20 years. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are the major innovations for AI, which has been applied for multiple fields. Ophthalmology has become to be one of the most significant disciplines for human healthcare. Methodology. This study utilizes methods of text mining and bibliometric analysis to explore applications of AI to ophthalmology. 179 related articles from Web of Science (WOS) and 96 papers from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) are explored during the period of 2000 to 2021. A descriptive analysis of major trends, journal releasing, topic mapping and quotation relationships is implemented in this paper. Leading authors, journals, institutions, nations and references in the related research are identified. Results. Findings show that the application of AI technologies in ophthalmologic diagnosis with optical coherence tomography (OCT) fundus images is the core topic for this area’s studies, especially for diabetic retinopathy (DR), aged macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma. It is also be predicted as the core direction over the recent years. Besides, The USA, England and China is the most competitive countries in this scientific filed. Journals of Ophthalmology, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Acta Ophthalmologica and Scientific Reports are the top five journal related to the research area. There is a significant difference between WOS and CNKI databases pertaining to the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to ophthalmology, especially for the historic development, topic mapping and discipline category. Finally, the potential academic value of interdisciplinary subject of “AI in Ophthalmology” and tradition Chinese medicine (TRM) is discussed. Limitations and suggestions for the future research is indicated at the end of this paper.

scholarly journals Understanding Accessibility to Medical and Healthcare Services for Informal Workers in Bangkok During the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2022) ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
Saowathan Phoglad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Medical And Healthcare

The study aims to (i) investigate the knowledge and understanding of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), (ii) examine the ability of self-protection against the pandemic, and (iii) study the practices of seeking medical and healthcare services during the outbreak, focusing on informal labors from five selected districts within Bangkok, Thailand. The 360 participants of this study were queried using expert-validated questionnaires to collect data according to the study framework. One-Way ANOVA was employed for testing hypotheses. The samples with different personal factors had no statistically significant difference in the knowledge and understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, the workers with different academic levels showed a statistically significant difference in the extent of knowledge and understanding on self-protection against COVID-19 outbreak. The workers with different academic levels and occupations were significantly different in the extent of knowledge and understanding on rights to Universal Coverage Scheme. The recommendations were developed in various forms: actionable policy, for example, providing access to information on universal healthcare and ensuring social protection and health security; practical recommendations, such as enhancing information on self-protection against COVID-19 and providing primary healthcare services; and academic suggestions to future research.

Religiosity and female labour market attainment in Canada: the Protestant exception

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Dilmaghani ◽  
Jason Dean
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Female Labour Supply ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The relationship between religiosity and female labour market attainment has been widely investigated for the USA; however, no comparable study has been undertaken for the Canadian context. The purpose of this paper is to redress this critical oversight of the literature by examining the impact of religiosity on Canadian female labour supply, both at extensive and intensive margins. Design/methodology/approach – Using data from the Canadian Ethnic Diversity Survey, the authors consider all the measurable dimensions of religiosity, for the pooled sample, as well as by religious group. A wide array of control variables is included in the regressions to insure the reliability of the estimates. Findings – The authors find that overall religiosity inversely relates to female labour supply in Canada. When the impact of religiosity is assessed on a by religion basis, it is revealed that Protestant females are penalized, by far the most. Practical implications – The result is comparable with the pattern uncovered in the USA for Conservative Protestant females. Unlike what can be expected, no statistically significant difference is detected between religious-nones and Catholics, suggesting a convergence of gender ideologies. Originality/value – The investigation reveals interesting patterns that not only contribute to the current state of literature, but also motivate future research. Fairlie and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition techniques are also used to further explore attainment gaps among the religious groups.

EVALUTING THE EFFECTS OF EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES IN COMMUNITY

2011 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Early Intervention Program ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Objectives: To evualate the effects of early intervention program after one year for 33 disabled children in Hue city in 2010. Objects and Methods: Conduct with practical work and assessment on developing levels at different skills of the children with developmental delay under 6 years old who are the objects of the program. Results: With the Portage checklist used as a tool for implementing the intervention at the community and assessing developing skills on Social, Cognition, Motor, Self-help and Language skills for children with developmental delay, there still exists significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) at developing level of all areas in the first assessment (January, 2010) and the second assessment (December, 2010) after 12 months. In comparison among skills of different types of disabilities, there is significant difference of p ≤ 0.05 of social, cognition and language skills in the first assessment and of social, cognition, motor and language skills in the second assessment. Conclusion: Home-based Early Intervention Program for children with developmental delay has achieved lots of progress in improving development skills of the children and enhancing the parents’ abilities in supporting their children at home.

Efficacy and Safety of Non-Steroidal Anti-Androgens in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Rashid ◽  
Madhan Ramesh ◽  
K. Shamshavali ◽  
Amit Dang ◽  
Himanshu Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the sixth primary cause of cancer death. However, conflicts are present about the efficacy and safety of Non-steroidal anti-androgens (NSAA) for its treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of NSAAs versus any comparator for the treatment of advanced or metastatic PCa (mPCa). Methodology: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched. References of included studies and clinicaltrials.gov were also searched for relevant studies. Only English language studies after 1990 were considered for review. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy and safety of NSAAs as compared with any other comparator including surgery or chemotherapy in mPCa patients were included. The outcomes include efficacy, safety and the tolerability of the treatment. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used for quality assessment. Two authors were independently involved in the selection, extraction and quality assessment of included studies and disagreements were resolved by discussion or by consulting a third reviewer. Results: Fifty-eight out of 1307 non-duplicate RCTs with 29154 patients were considered for the review. NSAA showed significantly better progression-free survival [PFS] (Hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.78; P=0.0001), time to distant metastasis or death [TTD] (HR, 0.80; 95% CI 0.73-0.91; p<0.0001), objective response (Odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% CI 1.06-2.54; P=0.03) and clinical benefits (OR, 1.33; 95% CI 1.08-1.63; P=0.006) as compared to the control group. There was no significant difference observed between the groups in terms of overall survival (HR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.87-1.03; P=0.18) and time to progression (HR, 0.93; 95% CI 0.77-1.11; P=0.43). Treatment-related adverse events were more with the NSAA group, but the discontinuation due to lack of efficacy reason was 43% significantly lesser than the control group in patients with mPCa. Rest of the outcomes were appeared to be non-significant. Conclusion: Treatment with NSAA was appeared to be better efficacious with respect to PFS, TTD, and response rate with considerable adverse events when compared to the control group in patients with metastatic PCa.

Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Narrative Review Based on Current Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Das ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Meenakshi Dhanawat
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
First Case ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract:: A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), appeared and expanded globally by the end of year in 2019 from Wuhan, China, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. During its initial stage, the disease was called the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 February 2020. The WHO declared worldwide the SARS-CoV-2 virus a pandemic on March 2020. On 30 January 2020 the first case of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in India. Now in current situation the virus is floating in almost every part of the province and rest of the globe. -: On the basis of novel published evidences, we efficiently summarized the reported work with reference to COVID-19 epidemiology, pathogen, clinical symptoms, treatment and prevention. Using several worldwide electronic scientific databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Science direct, Scopus, etc were utilized for extensive investigation of relevant literature. -: This review is written in the hope of encouraging the people successfully with the key learning points from the underway efforts to perceive and manage SARS-CoV-2, suggesting sailent points for expanding future research.

scholarly journals Does Social Support Affect the Health of the Elderly in Rural China? A Meta-Analysis Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natuya Zhuori ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Yu Cui ◽  
Minjuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact

As the trend of aging in rural China has intensified, research on the factors affecting the health of the elderly in rural areas has become a hot issue. However, the conclusions of existing studies are inconsistent and even contradictory, making it difficult to form constructive policies with practical value. To explore the reasons for the inconsistent conclusions drawn by relevant research, in this paper we constructed a meta-regression database based on 65 pieces of relevant literature published in the past 25 years. For more valid samples to reduce publication bias, we also set the statistical significance of social support to the health of the elderly in rural areas as a dependent variable. Finally, combined with multi-dimensional social support and its implications for the health of the elderly, meta-regression analysis was carried out on the results of 171 empirical studies. The results show that (1) subjective support rather than objective support can have a significant impact on the health of the elderly in rural areas, and there is no significant difference between other dimensions of social support and objective support; (2) the health status of the elderly in rural areas in samples involving western regions is more sensitive to social support than that in samples not involving the western regions; (3) among the elderly in rural areas, social support for the older male elderly is more likely to improve their health than that for the younger female elderly; and (4) besides this, both data sources and econometric models greatly affect the heterogeneity of the effect of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas, but neither the published year nor the journal is significant. Finally, relevant policies and follow-up studies on the impact of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas are discussed.

scholarly journals Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Carmen Hové ◽  
Benjamin C Trumble ◽  
Amy S Anderson ◽  
Jonathan Stieglitz ◽  
Hillard Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
Fetal Antigens ◽  
Pathogen Exposure

Abstract Background and objectives Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the USA. Methodology Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1395) were used to estimate population-specific effects of trimester on differential leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. Results In both populations, pregnancy was associated with increased neutrophil prevalence, reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil count and elevated CRP. Compared to their US counterparts, pregnant Tsimane women exhibited elevated lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, fewer neutrophils and monocytes and lower CRP. Total leukocyte count remained high and unchanged among pregnant Tsimane women while pregnant US women exhibited substantially elevated counts, resulting in overlapping leukocyte prevalence among all third-trimester individuals. Conclusions and implications Our findings indicate that ecological conditions shape non-pregnant immune baselines and the magnitude of immunological shifts during pregnancy via developmental constraints and current trade-offs. Future research should investigate how such flexibility impacts maternal health and disease susceptibility, particularly the degree to which chronic pathogen exposure might dampen inflammatory response to fetal antigens. Lay Summary This study compares immunological changes associated with pregnancy between the Tsimane (an Amazonian subsistence population) and individuals in the USA. Results suggest that while pregnancy enhances non-specific defenses and dampens both antigen-specific immunity and parasite/allergy response, ecological conditions strongly influence immune baselines and the magnitude of shifts during gestation.

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