scholarly journals Nutritional value and in situ degradability of fruit-vegetable byproducts and their feeding effects on performance of growing Hanwoo steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-980
Author(s):  
Keun Hong Song ◽  
Jun Sik Woo ◽  
Ju Ri Kim ◽  
Gyeong Lim Ryu ◽  
Youl Chang Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Effects

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional value and <i>in situ</i> degradability of fruit-vegetable byproducts and their feeding effects on performance of growing Hanwoo steers.Methods: Nutritional value and <i>in situ</i> degradability of cabbage, Chinese cabbage and fruit-vegetable byproducts were assessed. <i>In vivo</i> feeding trial was also performed for 12 weeks. Thirty-six growing steers were randomly allocated into three groups according to body weight (BW) and age in 12 pens (4 replications/treatment) and assigned to one of the three dietary treatments: control (byproduct 0%), FV-B (fruit-vegetable byproduct 20%), and CA-B (cabbage peel 15% plus Chinese cabbage peel 15%, total byproduct 30%).Results: The crude protein contents of cabbage, Chinese cabbage and fruit-vegetable byproducts were 18.69%, 20.20%, and 10.07%, respectively. Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were higher in cabbage (22.31%) and Chinese cabbage (28.83%) than fruit-vegetable (13.94%). Higher concentrations of non-fiber carbohydrate were observed for fruit-vegetable (66.72%) than cabbage (44.93%) and Chinese cabbage byproducts (24.69%). The effective degradability (ED) of both dry matter (DM) and NDF for fruit-vegetable byproduct (DM, 84.69%; NDF, 85.62%) was higher (p<0.05) than cabbage (DM, 68.47%; NDF, 55.97%) and Chinese cabbage byproducts (DM, 68.09%; NDF, 54.22%). The DM intake was not different among treatments because the amount of feed was kept constant according to the BW of growing steers to prevent overweight during the growing period. The average daily gain during the whole experimental period was not different among treatments (1.26, 1.25, and 1.34 kg/d for control, FV-B, and CA-B). The ED of both DM and NDF degradability of the total mixed ration (TMR) diets were very similar among treatments. Feed conversion ratio during the whole period showed no significant difference among treatments.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that fruit-vegetable and cabbage byproducts up to 20% and 30% (as fed basis), respectively can be included in TMR diets for growing beef cattle.

scholarly journals Nutritional value and in situ degradability of oak wood roughage and its feeding effects on growth performance and behavior of Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-940
Author(s):  
Ye Ri Ju ◽  
Youl Chang Baek ◽  
Sun Sik Jang ◽  
Young Kyoon Oh ◽  
Sung Suk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate changes in nutritional value and <i>in situ</i> dry matter (DM) degradability of oak and pine wood before and after steam-digestion process (60 min/160°C/6 atm) and feeding effect of the oak roughage on performance and behavior of Hanwoo steers.Methods: Chemical composition and tannin concentration were analyzed for oak and pine trees before and after the pretreatment. <i>In situ</i> DM and effective degradability of these samples were assessed using a nylon bag method. <i>In vivo</i> trial was performed to estimate animal performance and behavior, using steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) diets containing 0% (control), 25% (OR-25), and 50% (OR-50) of the oak roughage. Eighteen steers were allocated into nine pens (2 steers/pen, 3 pens/treatment) for 52 days according to body weight (BW) and age.Results: By the steam-digestion treatment, the neutral detergent-insoluble fiber was decreased from 86.5% to 71.5% for oak and from 92.4% to 80.5% for pine, thereby increasing non-fiber carbohydrate. <i>In situ</i> DM degradability of treated oak reached 38% at 72 h, whereas that of untreated oak was only 11.9%. The 0 h degradability of the treated pine increased from 5.9% to 12.1%, but the degradability was unchanged thereafter. Animal performance including BW, average daily gain, DM intake, and feed conversion ratio was not different among control and oak treatments. No differences were detected in animal behavior such as lying, standing, rumination, drinking, and eating, except walking. Walking was higher in control than oak treatments with numerically higher eating and lower lying times, probably due to bulkier characteristics of rice straw in the diet.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the oak roughage can be substituted for 50% of total forage or 100% of rice straw in TMR diets at early fattening stage of Hanwoo steers.

scholarly journals Hereford and Simmental Cattle Breeds in Siberia: Implementation of the Adaptive and Productive Potential in the Cold Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9631-9636 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meat Productivity

This study was aimed at studying the biological characteristics of the calves of the Hereford and Simmental breeds, and crosses of these breeds in Siberia. The article discusses the peculiarities of metabolism and utilization of nutrients, growth rate, meat productivity and quality, feed conversion in groups of calves up to 15.5 months of age due to the breed identity in the keeping conditions in light facilities and cold climate. Similarity has been noted in the parameters of gas-and-energy metabolism in Hereford and crossbred calves, including their seasonal dynamics. During the experimental period, a seasonal downward trend was noted in the heart rate of Hereford calves by 11.4 %, and respiration rate — by 33.8 %. In the Simmental peers, these figures decreased by 12 and 37.2 %, respectively, in hybrids — by 6.1 and 29 %. The seasonal decrease in the body temperature in Hereford and crossbred animals by 2.4 – 2.5 %, in Simmentals — by 1.3 %, and increased heat production by Hereford animals and their crosses — by 20.9 and 20.1 % (P<0.01), compared to the Simmental peers, were noted. In terms of the content of hemoglobin, Hereford calves (116.5 ± 3.6 g/l) and Hereford × Simmental hybrids (114.0 ± 5.1 g/l) tended to be superior to Simmental calves (103.5 ± 5.4 g/l). No significant difference in the erythrocytes count in the blood of calves was found between the groups. In all ages, Simmental calves were inferior to their Hereford and crossbred peers in terms of the content of total protein and albumin in the blood serum. By the content of globulins in the blood serum, no differences were found between the groups. The coefficients of nutrients digestibility due to balanced feeding was relatively high in all groups. Hereford × Simmental hybrids were superior to their Simmental counterparts by the organic matter digestibility by 3.0 % (P<0.01). The most significant difference in the live weight was observed between Simmental and crossbred calves (P<0.01). The average daily gain of the hybrids over the entire study period was greater by 25.6 and 15.2 % than that of purebred Simmental and Hereford calves. Accordingly, Hereford × Simmental calves had an advantage over Herefords in terms of the slaughtering weight by 5.4 %, and over Simmentals — by 22.1 %. The energy value of the meat of purebred Herefords and crossbred calves was higher by 8.4 % than in purebred Simmentals. The conclusion has been made about the prospects of using Herefords and their crosses with Simmentals for the sustainable development of beef cattle breeding in the conditions of Siberia.

PSXIV-2 Influences of glycerol and bypass fat supplementation on performance of early fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 473-475
Author(s):  
Gyeonglim Ryu ◽  
Junsik Woo ◽  
Geun Hong Song ◽  
Young Kyoon Oh ◽  
Keun Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heat Stress Index ◽  
Bypass Fat

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the influence of glycerol and bypass fat supplementation on growth performance of early fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress. Thirty-six Hanwoo steers were randomly allocated into 4 treatments based on BW and age for 112 days from the beginning of July to the end of October 2020. Experimental treatments were divided into four by the type of energy supplements: Control (CP, 14%; TDN 71.9), glycerol addition (GL; CP, 14%; TDN 74.9), bypass fat addition (BF; CP, 14%; TDN 74.9), and glycerol plus bypass fat additive (GL+BF; CP, 14%; TDN 74.9). During the experimental period, automatic temperature-humidity recorders were used for measuring every 10 minutes in the pen. The temperature-humidity index (THI) range of the 1st and 2nd periods was recorded above the threshold (THI 75~77) level based on the Korean beef heat stress index, and the average THI of the 2nd period was 79.91, being the mild-moderate (THI 78~81) level. The dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) did not show significant differences in all treatments during the whole period. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) during 1st and 2nd periods showed the same pattern because FCR is related to DMI and ADG. Additionally, the rectal temperature showed no significant difference in all treatments, but a significant difference in each period (P &lt; 0.05). The results demonstrated that early fattening Hanwoo steers under mild-moderate stress did not affect DMI and productivity but 9.8% of GL or 1.9% BF in a concentrate only could be included in Hanwoo steers diets without decreasing palatability. In addition, increasing the energy content in the feed by 5% did not lead to a difference in productivity. Further studies would be needed on the effect of increasing the energy density on productivity under more severe thermal stress conditions.

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of Elephant grass, Italian ryegrass and spontaneous growing species mixed with forage peanut or red clover

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1845-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Schalemberg Diehl ◽  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Carlos Alberto Agnolin ◽  
Ricardo Lima de Azevedo Junior ◽  
Vinícius Felipe Bratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grazing Systems

The objective of this research was to evaluate of three grazing systems (GS) with elephant grass (EG), Italian ryegrass (IR) + spontaneous growing species (SGS); EG + IR + SGS + forage peanut (FP); and EG + IR + SGS + red clover (RC), during the winter and summer periods in rotational grazing with dairy cattle. Experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments, two replicates with repeated measures. Lactating Holstein cows receiving 1% BW-daily feed supplement with concentrate were used in the evaluation. Eight grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period. The values of pre forage mass and stocking rate were 2.52, 2.60 and 2.99 t ha-1 and 2.64, 2.77 and 3.14 animal unit ha-1, respectively for GS. Samples of forage were collected by hand-plucking technique to analyze the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in situ dry matter digestibility (ISDMD), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD) of forage present between rows of elephant grass, in the rows of elephant grass and the legumes. Higher value of CP, ISOMD and lower of NDF were observed for the grazing systems mixed with legumes forage.

scholarly journals Effect of colistin and tylosin used as feed additives on the performance, diarrhea incidence, and immune response of nursery pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Mazutti ◽  
Leandro Batista Costa ◽  
Lígia Valéria Nascimento ◽  
Tobias Fernandes Filho ◽  
Breno Castello Branco Beirão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

For the last several decades, antimicrobial compounds have been used as feed additives to promote piglet growth at weaning, through the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease. However, few studies have assessed the influence of these antibiotics on the immune response of nursery pigs, as well as the relation between performance, health, and immunity of animals that receive feed additives. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of colistin and tylosin when used as feed additives on the performance, incidence of diarrhea, and immune response of nursery pigs. In this study, 72 weaned pigs (average age, 28 days) were allotted into one of three treatment groups: a control group (feed with no antibiotics), tylosin group (feed containing 22 ppm tylosin), and colistin group (feed containing 20 ppm colistin). Weekly, during a five week period, the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of the pigs were evaluated. Stools were scored daily, in accordance with a fecal texture scale. Blood samples were collected on the day of housing (d0) and on d7, d21, d28, and d35 for immune cell phenotyping. The results of this study showed that piglets in both the colistin and tylosin groups exhibited a significantly higher average daily feed intake, resulting in a higher body weight at the end of the experimental period (d35) when compared with piglets from the control group. Colistin and tylosin also significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea. Colistin and tylosin modulated the piglets’ immune responses, particularly on d28, by changing the percentage of circulating B lymphocytes, CD4+CD8+ T cells, and the CD4:CD8 ratio.

scholarly journals The Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Black Baladi Kids Fed Diets with Graded Quantities of Sweet Lupin Grain (Lupinus angustifolius)

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Belal S. Obeidat
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
Daily Gain

A study was conducted to examine how lupin grains (LUPs) feeding affected nutritional intake, digestibility, growth, and carcass characteristics in kids. A total of 24 growing black kids (initial body weight (BW) = 16.4 ± 0.49 kg) were allocated to one of three diets at random. Lupin was included in the diet at a rate of 0 (control; CON), 100 (LUP100), or 200 g/kg (LUP200) of total dry matter (DM). The trial lasted for 91 days divided into 7 and 84 days to be used for adaptation and data collection, respectively. Feed intake was evaluated daily throughout the study. At the commencement and the end of the study, each kid’s body weight was measured to determine its average daily gain (ADG). On day 70, 5 kids were chosen at random from each group to investigate nutrient in vivo digestibility and N balance. At the end of the study, all of the kids were slaughtered to examine carcass features. Nutrient intakes (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ether extract) were higher (p ≤ 0.01) in LUP-containing diets than in the CON diet. The average daily gain was greater (p ≤ 0.03) in diets containing lupin grains than in the CON diet. Cost of gain ($US/kg growth) was lower (p = 0.004) in kids fed diets containing lupin than the CON diet. Dry matter and CP digestibility rates were greater (p ≤ 0.03) in lupin diets. Retained N was higher (p = 0.04) in lupin-containing diets than in the CON diet. Cold carcass weight was higher (p < 0.05) for kids consuming the LUP100 diet than the CON diet. In lupin diets, carcass cut weights were higher (p < 0.05). Results of the current study indicate that feeding black kids diets containing lupin grains at 100 or 200 g/kg DM basis is cost effective and would increase profitability.

scholarly journals Ingestive behavior of lambs fed with guava agro-industrial waste ( Psidium guajava )

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Torres NOBRE ◽  
Roberto Germano COSTA ◽  
Neila Lidiany RIBEIRO ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de CARVALHO ◽  
George Rodrigo Beltrão da CRUZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Santa Inês

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of guava agro-industrial waste (GAW) on the ingestive behavior of Santa Inês lambs. Forty non-castrated sheep of the Santa Inês breed were used, at an initial weight of 21.33 ± 2.62 kg, and at the age of 120 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and fed with increasing GAW levels (0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0%). The average daily gain (ADG) showed orthogonal contrast (P <0.05), in which the animals that ingested the control diet had lower performances. The animals with GAW added to the diet obtained more significant weight gains reflected by a better feed conversion. Among the variables, idleness, feeding, and total chewing time had a significant effect (P<0.05); animals spent more time idle at the 30.0% inclusion level and less time in the control group. However, the means of the 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5% GAW inclusion levels were statistically similar to the control group and the 30.0% level. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed efficiency, with the lowest values being presented for the control group and the highest values at the 30% inclusion level of GAW. The 30.0% GAW feed for lambs in confinement reduces feed time, and total chewing prolongs idleness and increases feed efficiency without compromising dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and ADG.

scholarly journals l-Isoleucine Administration Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway in Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangbing Mao ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Qingxiang Wang ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enterocyte Apoptosis

Inflammatory bowel disease (namely, colitis) severely impairs human health. Isoleucine is reported to regulate immune function (such as the production of immunoreactive substances). The aim of this study was to investigate whether l-isoleucine administration might alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. In the in vitro trial, IEC-18 cells were treated by 4 mmol/L l-isoleucine for 12 h, which relieved the decrease of cell viability that was induced by TNF-α (10 ng/ml) challenge for 24 h (P &lt;0.05). Then, in the in vivo experiment, a total of 44 Wistar rats were allotted into 2 groups that were fed l-isoleucine-supplemented diet and control diet for 35 d. From 15 to 35 d, half of the rats in the 2 groups drank the 4% DSS-adding water. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion of rats were impaired by DSS challenge (P &lt;0.05). Drinking the DSS-supplementing water also increased disease activity index (DAI) and serum urea nitrogen level (P &lt;0.05), shortened colonic length (P &lt;0.05), impaired colonic enterocyte apoptosis, cell cycle, and the ZO-1 mRNA expression (P &lt;0.05), increased the ratio of CD11c-, CD64-, and CD169-positive cells in colon (P &lt;0.05), and induced extensive ulcer, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and collagenous fiber hyperplasia in colon. However, dietary l-isoleucine supplementation attenuated the negative effect of DSS challenge on growth performance (P &lt;0.05), DAI (P &lt;0.05), colonic length and enterocyte apoptosis (P &lt;0.05), and dysfunction of colonic histology, and downregulated the ratio of CD11c-, CD64-, and CD169-positive cells, pro-inflammation cytokines and the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the colon of rats (P &lt;0.05). These results suggest that supplementing l-isoleucine in diet improved the DSS-induced growth stunting and colonic damage in rats, which could be associated with the downregulation of inflammation via regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in colon.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of sugarcane silages with different bacterial additives and fermentation periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivone Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Francirose Shigaki ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Paula Ribeiro Jesus ◽  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
B Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fermentation Period

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of sugarcane silage with or without inoculation with P. acidipropionici or L. buchneri, over three fermentation periods. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 inoculant by fermentation period factorial arrangement (without inoculant, inoculant 1, inoculant 2; x three fermentation periods, 10, 60, 90 days). Values of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM) and lignin were determined and in situ DM degradability profiles were modelled for parameters a, b and c, potential degradation (A) and effective degradability (ED). The 90 day fermentation yielded a lower pH for both inoculants. There was an interaction between inoculant and fermentation period (P < 0.05) for DM content, with a reduction in silage DM without the additive at 90 days. The CP, HEM, ADF and lignin contents of sugarcane were not influenced by the treatments. The addition of P. acidipropionici provided the lowest NDF content at 10 days and presented a higher fraction a, potential degradation and ED. At 60 days, there was no variation in soluble fraction, the control silage showed a higher fraction b, higher potential degradation and ED. At 90 days of fermentation, L. buchneri silages presented a higher fraction a, degradation rate and DE and a higher b value was obtained in the silage without inoculant. Inoculants are effective in maintaining the silage DM content and nutritional value during prolonged fermentation periods.

THE EFFECTS OF ANAEROBIC STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON ITS ILEAL DIGESTIBILITY BY, AND PERFORMANCE OF, GROWING SWINE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. WELTZIEN ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Anaerobic Storage

Two studies were undertaken to determine the feeding value of high-moisture barley (HMB) for growing swine. HMB containing approximately 25% moisture and dry barley (approximately 13% moisture) was harvested from the same 21.8-ha field. On a dry matter (DM) basis, the HMB yielded 19.6% more than the dry barley. In the first experiment, 56 crossbred gilts and 24 crossbred barrows of an average initial weight of 28 kg were allocated on the basis of initial weight and sex to diets based on either anaerobically stored HMB or dry barley. Pigs fed the HMB-based diet consumed significantly more feed (P < 0.05) on a DM basis, than did pigs fed the dry-barley-based diet. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were not affected by diet (P > 0.05). In the second experiment, eight barrows (57.6 kg initial weight), fitted with ileal T-cannulas, were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square to determine the apparent ileal digestibilities of nutrients in diets based on ground or rolled HMB (75% DM) and ground or rolled dry barley (87% DM). There were no differences (P > 0.05) among the four treatment groups in the apparent ileal digestibilities of the DM, CP, gross energy, starch or β-glucan components of the diets. The average ileal digestibility coefficient for β-glucan of the four diets was 79.6% (range: 76–82.2%), suggesting that this component is readily digested by growing pigs. The apparent ileal digestibilities for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and phosphorus were lower (P < 0.05) for the ground dry barley diet than for the other diets. The apparent ileal digestibilities of lysine, methionine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, and aspartic acid were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the ground HMB diet than for the dry barley diets. However, the digestibility coefficients for lysine, isoleucine, valine, and aspartic acid for the rolled HMB diet tended to be intermediate between the digestibility coefficients of these amino acids for the ground HMB diet and those for the dry barley diet. Thus, earlier harvest, in combination with anaerobic storage generally improves the digestibility of HMB as compared to dry barley. Key words: Growing swine, high moisture barley, β-glucan, digestibility, amino acid

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