Influence of Replacing Corn Grain by Enzose (Corn Dextrose) on Nutrient Utilization, Thyroid Hormones, Plasma Metabolites, and Weight Gain in Growing Lambs

SUMMARYThe effects of Eimeria maxima or restricted pair-feeding on weight gain, plasma concentrations of protein, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and uric acid and liver glycogen were compared in immature fowl. Food intake/kg body weight and weight gain decreased during the acute phase of infection (days 5–7) while weight loss was prolonged for an extra day compared with pair-fed birds. During recovery, food intake/kg body weight of infected birds was greater than that of non-infected controls but there was no evidence for an increase in growth rate compared with controls when body weight was considered. Growth rate of pair-fed birds was greater than that of infected birds during recovery, indicating their better use of ingested food. Liver glycogen and plasma protein concentration were decreased during the acute phase of infection but the concentrations of plasma glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and uric acid were not affected. In pair-fed birds liver glycogen was depleted, concentrations of plasma glucose and uric acid decreased and FFA increased, and these changes persisted for the remainder of the experiment. The findings are similar to those in birds whose food has been withheld and were probably due to the pattern of food intake imposed by the experimental protocol. It is concluded that the metabolic differences between infected and pair-fed birds are of doubtful significance.

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EXPERIMENTAL HYGIENIC ESTIMATION OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN DRINKING WATER, AND ITS HARDNESS

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-8-811-819 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (8) ◽

pp. 811-819

Author(s):

E. M. Trofimovich ◽

S. A. Nedovesova ◽

Roman I. Aizman

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Water Hardness ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Calcium And Magnesium ◽

Plasma Magnesium

Introduction. The lack of hygienic norms for Mg2+ and Ca2+ in drinking water and the wide ranges of acceptable hygienic norms (AHN) of these cations in water packaged in containers determine the relevance of experimental studies on the substantiation of AHN of Mg2+, Ca2+ and the hardness of drinking water with a centralized water supply to the population. Material and methods. Chronic experiments were performed on 5 groups of adult Wistar rats (n = 50): control animals received drinking water (Ca2+ 20.0; Mg2+ 6.0 mg / dm3, hardness 1.5-1.8 mEq/dm3); four other groups received model drinking water with different contents of Ca2+ (50, 80, 100 and 140 mg/dm3) and Mg2+ (20, 40, 55 and 85 mg/dm3) by adding CaCl2 or MgSO4 salts to the control water. The effect of these drinking water samples on kidney function, ion osmotic blood parameters, plasma metabolites of lipid and protein metabolism, as well as the concentration of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and cortisol were studied. Results. Prolonged action of increased concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the organism was established to cause alterations in fat metabolism, the adaptive activation of osmoregulatory and ion regulatory kidney functions, increasing the concentration of thyroid hormones and a decrease of cortisol titer in plasma. Magnesium led to more pronounced changes in water-salt metabolism, and at a concentration of 85.0 mg/dm3 (7.0 mg-Eq/dm3) - to depletion of secretion of the described hormones. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, individual ranges for AHN of calcium and magnesium concentrations in water were recommended. The upper limit of AHN of drinking water total hardness is of 7.0 mg-Eq/dm3 at the joint presence of Ca2+and Mg2+. The rule of hygienic qualitative and quantitative estimation of calcium and magnesium types of drinking water hardness is formulated.

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NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RAPESEED FLOUR FOR MINK: EFFECTS ON LIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION, THYROID FUNCTION AND PELT QUALITY

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas74-077 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 639-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. J. BELZILE ◽

L. S. POLIQUIN ◽

J. D. JONES

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Live Performance ◽

Iodine Level ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Matter Basis

A trial for testing the replacement value of rapeseed flour (RF) (blend of Brassica napus and campestris) for raw meat was conducted with growing-furring mink. The RF contained 67% crude protein and approximately 1/10 of the quantity of glucosinolates normally found in commercial meal. Forty male pastel mink were fed diets containing 0, 6.5, 13.4 and 20% RF (dry-matter basis) from the end of July to pelting. On a dry-matter basis, the diets contained approximately 41% protein and the percentages of protein as RF protein were 0, 4.3, 9 and 12.4. Initially, the animals ate significantly (P < 0.05) more feed and grew significantly (P < 0.05) faster on the 0 and 6.5% RF diets, but later, weight gain and feed consumption were the same for all groups (P > 0.05). After 70 days on trial, weight gain was less (P < 0.05) on the 20% RF diet compared with the 0 and 6.5% diets. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen, and in nitrogen retention for the mink receiving the diets containing 13.4 and 20% RF. Mink fed the 20% RF diet showed significant (P < 0.05) thyroid hypertrophy, but at slaughter serum protein-bound iodine level was the same (P > 0.05) for all groups. There was little difference among groups with respect to pelt size and pelt quality.

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Effect of Propionate Level in a Volatile Fatty Acid Salt Mixture Fed to Lambs on Weight Gain, Body Composition and Plasma Metabolites

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas1988.6641028x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 1028 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

T. C. Jenkins ◽

M. L. Thonney

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Acid Salt ◽

Salt Mixture ◽

Fatty Acid Salt

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Effect of untreated, HCl treated or copper and iodine supplemented high glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal on nutrient utilization, liver enzymes, thyroid hormones and growth of calves

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/s0377-8401(01)00243-7 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 92 (1-2) ◽

pp. 73-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M.K Tripathi ◽

I.S Agrawal ◽

S.D Sharma ◽

D.P Mishra

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Nutrient Utilization

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Economic Evaluation of Different Culture Enclosures for Musca domestica Larval Production and Their Utilization for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Diets

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb10410271 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 466-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Asiata A. KOLAWOLE ◽

Adiaha Alda Alex UGWUMBA

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Musca Domestica ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Control Diet ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Highest Weight ◽

The Cost

The study was designed to investigate the rate of larval (maggot) production from different culture enclosures, as well as to compare the cost effectiveness and utilization of the maggot in the diet of African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Musca domestica larvae were cultured from poultry dung for five week, where upon they were utilized as a replacement for fish meal in the diet of fingerlings of African mud catfish. The maggots were cultured in four different enclosures: aluminium mobile maggotry, aluminium, plastic and wooden boxes. The harvested maggots were processed by oven drying and powdered as maggot meal. The maggot meal was used to substitute fish meal in eight diets with different inclusion levels of 0% (control), 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%. The formulated diets were fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings in triplicates for 10 weeks. The growth, nutrient utilization and survival of fish were monitored during the experimental period. The cost effectiveness of different culture enclosure was studied. Results indicate that aluminium box was the best option, giving the highest weight of maggot production, and was the most cost effective of all the culture enclosures studied. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded in weight gain of fish between the control and the maggot meal-based diets, while the highest weight gain was observed in fish fed 70% maggot meal-based diet. Specific and relative growth rates were found to be high in fish fed 60% maggot meal diet, while they were lowest in fish fed 20% maggot meal diet and the control diet. The best protein intake was recorded in fish fed the 70% maggot meal-based diet and lowest in fish fed the control diet. Survival of fish was generally high (78.3%-93.30%) and was significantly (p < 0.05) different between the fish fed as the control and the maggot meal-based diets. The study confirms that maggots of Musca domestica are suitable as partial replacement of fishmeal at 60-70% inclusion level for optimal growth performance and nutrient utilization in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings.

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Growth Performance and Plasma Metabolites of Grazing Beef Cattle Backgrounded on Buffel or Buffel-Desmanthus Mixed Pastures

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2355

Author(s):

Felista W. Mwangi ◽

Christopher P. Gardiner ◽

Glen Walker ◽

Trevor J. Hall ◽

Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Metabolite Profile ◽

Dry Season ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Buffel Grass ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Metabolite

Dietary crude protein and dry matter digestibility are among the major factors limiting feed intake and weight gain of cattle grazing native and improved pastures in the subtropics of Northern Australia during the dry season. Incorporating a suitable legume into grasses improves pasture quality and cattle weight gain, but only a limited number of legume pastures can establish and persist in cracking clay soils. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Desmanthus inclusion in buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) pastures on the plasma metabolite profile and growth performance of grazing beef cattle during the dry season. We hypothesised that backgrounding steers on buffel grass-Desmanthus mixed pastures would elicit significant changes in plasma glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate, resulting in higher liveweight gains than in steers on buffel grass only pastures. Four hundred tropical composite steers were assigned to buffel grass only (n = 200) or buffel grass oversown with Desmanthus (11.5% initial sward dry matter) pastures (n = 200) and grazed for 147 days during the dry season. Desmanthus accounted for 6.2% sward dry matter at the end of grazing period. Plasma metabolites results showed that changes in β-hydroxybutyrate, creatinine, bilirubin, glucose and non-esterified fatty acids were within the expected normal range for all the steers, indicating that with or without Desmanthus inclusion in the diet of grazing steers, animal health status was not compromised. It was also evident that Desmanthus inclusion in buffel grass pastures had no impact on the plasma metabolite profile, liveweight and daily weight gain of grazing steers. Therefore, our tested hypothesis of higher changes in plasma metabolite profile and higher liveweight gains due to backgrounding on low-level buffel grass-Desmanthus mixed pastures does not hold.

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Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed diets substituted for maize with two varieties of cassava tuber

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v46i2.23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 128-136

Author(s):

A. O. Obadimu ◽

O. O. Oluwatosin ◽

I. O. Sanni ◽

A. O. Lala

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Weight

A 56 –day study was conducted to determine the growth performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens fed with two varieties (white and yellow) of cassava grit based diets. A total of 240 one day- old unsexed Arbor acre broiler chicks were assigned to eighty dietary treatments in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement using completely randomized design. Diets were formulated to include two varieties of cassava, TME 419 (white) and TMS 01 1368 (yellow) at four inclusion levels (0, 25, 50 and 75%). Each treatment consisted of 30 birds and three replicates of 10 birds each. Data was collected on growth performance and nutrient digestibility at the end of the starter (4th week) and finisher (8th week) phases. At the starter phase, birds fed 50% white cassava grits diet had the highest (P < 0.05) final weight and weight gain (730.00 and 693.67g/bird). At the finisher phase, birds fed 50% yellow cassava grits diet had the highest (P < 0.05) final weight and weight gain (2235.60 and 1454.00g/bird), respectively while the least final weight and weight gain values (2008.80 and 1267.80g/birds) were obtained in birds fed the control diet. At the starter phase, birds fed 75% white cassava grits diet had the best (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of 2.18, while birds fed 25% yellow cassava grits diet as well as those fed the control diet had the least (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of 2.62 and 2.51 respectively. Birds fed 50% yellow as well as those fed 75% yellow cassava grits diets had the highest dry matter and crude fibre digestibility at the starter and finisher phases, respectively. In conclusion the substitution of maize with white cassava grits up to 50% level improved growth performance at the starter phase. However, either white or yellow cassava can be substituted for maize up to 75 % at the finishing phase.

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Performance Characteristics and Nutrient Utilization by Meat Type Chicken Fed Fusarium oxysporum Degraded Brewer Dried Grain

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i1230324 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 198-204

Author(s):

T. E. Lawal ◽

F. A. Aderemi ◽

O. M. Alabi ◽

O. A. Oguntunji ◽

M. O. Ayoola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Crude Fibre

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Fusarium oxysporum degraded Brewer dried grain (BDG) on the performance and nutrient utilization ofbroiler chicken at starter and finisher phases. Undegraded and degraded (BDG) werewas used to compound rations for broiler birds for 8 weeks. The undegraded BDG was used at 7% inclusion level and the degraded BDG was used at 3, 5, and 7%. A total of 150 day old chicks were randomly selected and allocated for 5 treatments. Thirty 30 birds were allocated to each treatment with three replicates each. Fusarium oxysporum was inoculated into BDG through Solid State Fermentation for a period of 7 days. This was used as degraded sample. There was improvement in the crude protein, ash, and gross energy after biodegradation. Biodegradation led to reduction in crude fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, and detergent fibre content. At starter phase, there were significant (P<0.05) (P=0.05) differences in feed consumption and body weight gain and the highest feed consumption (FC) and body weight gain (BWG) were found in treatment 5, which contained 7% degraded BDG (DBDG) and the FC and BWG they were 88.93 and 41.07g/bird/day, respectively. At the finisher phase, there were significant (P=0.05) differences in both the average feed intake and the average body weight gain by the birds. The highest feed intake was found in treatment 5 (140 g/b/d) and the highest body weight gain was also observed in treatment 5 (78.21g/b/d). Significant differences (P=0.05) were also observed for the feed conversion ratio at the finisher phase. The best value (1.64) was recorded at the control treatment and this was followed by the value recorded for treatment 5 (1.79). The relative cost benefits revealed that it is profitable to feed broilers with F. oxysporum degraded BDG. The results showed that F. oxysporum was able to enhance the feeding value of BDG and this impacted positively on the feed consumption and body weight gain by the birds.

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