scholarly journals Citrus Fruits: Nutritive Value and Value-Added Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maruf Ahmed ◽  
Abu Saeid
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Citrus Waste

Citrus fruits are essential sources of food and energy and play a critical role in supplementing healthy diets. Citrus fruits contain mostly carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose and are good dietary fiber sources, which help prevent gastrointestinal disease and promote high circulating cholesterol. Besides, citrus fruits are also significant sources of vitamin C and various bioactive compounds. It is suggested that these components are of vital importance in improving human health due to their antioxidant properties and being converted to vitamin A. However, citrus fruit is still being used for different purposes like juice, jam, jelly, squash, pies, cake, candies, marmalades, etc. Most citrus waste materials are currently used as animal feed. Innovations are occurring in the conversion of citrus by-products into valuable commodities with the development of innovative technologies. This chapter has put up primary and secondary research findings of citrus fruits, especially lemon and pomelo, their chemical properties, composition, and their use in health and cosmetic needs.

scholarly journals RECENT TRENDS IN CITRUS (CITRUS SPP.) PEEL UTILIZATION: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harjinder Kaur ◽  
Gurpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Citrus Peels ◽  
Citrus Waste

Citrus fruits are a widespread fruit crop and belong to the Rutaceae family. Citrus fruits include orange, tangerine, lime, lemon, sour orange and grapefruit. Citrus fruits are not only used for table purposes, but also in processing industries to make value added products such as marmalade, jams, juice, jellies, etc. which leads to the generation of waste into peel (rind) and seeds. The main fruit waste i.e. peels and seeds. The peel (skin) can be used for the preparation of sweets (candies). The use of citrus peel will not only improve the utility, but also serve to reduce the pollution load on the environment. It is nutritionally fortified with ascorbic acid, vitamin B, calcium, phosphorus, and other beneficial compounds essential for overall health. Citrus peels are enriched with pectin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, bioactive compounds and other compounds beneficial to health. The moisture content of the fresh citrus peels was 89.49% and the acidity in terms of citric acid was 0.40%. The ascorbic acid content was 87.49 mg / 100 g. The bitterness that prevails in citrus peels has limited its added value, demand and relevance. Limited work has been done on the processing and post-harvest management of citrus. In this article, we have presented and discussed the efforts of researchers around the world regarding waste use and value addition. In this review, we have tried to compile previous research information in an accurate way to improvise the benefits and full use of citrus waste.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary Se supplementation on the Se status and physico-chemical properties of eggs – a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fašiangová Miroslava ◽  
BořIlová Gabriela ◽  
Hulánková Radka
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Inorganic Selenium

In the last few years, interest in the supplementation of selenium (Se) to animal feed has increased. The results of various studies have shown that eggs with defined selenium content may be used as a new potential source of this scarce element in human nutrition. The selenium content in eggs after dietary supplementation in organic form is about 22–27 µg/egg. This amount represents up to 40–50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance, which is 55 µg of Se for the adult human. Additionally, due to its antioxidant properties, selenium contributes to the oxidation stability of fat and protein in the eggs of laying hens fed a selenium-supplemented diet. Therefore, selenium addition can affect certain properties of eggs and improve their shelf life. The results of investigations into the physico-chemical properties of different forms of Se have proven that dietary supplementation in the organic form shows higher biological availability than inorganic selenium.

scholarly journals Application of a roller conveyor type plasma disinfection device with fungus-contaminated citrus fruits

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akikazu Sakudo ◽  
Yoshihito Yagyu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Viable Cell Number ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Decimal Reduction Time ◽  
Gas Plasma ◽  
Plasma Device ◽  
Time Required

AbstractEfficient methods to achieve the safe decontamination of agricultural products are needed. Here, we investigated the decontamination of citrus fruits to test the antifungal potential of a novel non-thermal gas plasma apparatus, termed a roller conveyer plasma instrument. This instrument generates an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (APDBP) plasma on a set of rollers. Penicillium venetum was spotted onto the surface of the fruit or pericarps, as well as an aluminium plate to act as a control, before performing the plasma treatment. The results showed that viable cell number of P. venetum decreased with a decimal reduction time (D value or estimated treatment time required to reduce viable cell number by 90%) of 0.967 min on the aluminium plate, 2.90 min and 1.88 min on the pericarps of ‘Kiyomi’ (Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) and ‘Kawano-natsudaidai’ (C. natsudaidai) respectively, and 2.42 min on the surface of ‘Unshu-mikan’ (C. unshiu). These findings confirmed a fungicidal effect of the plasma not only on an abiotic surface (aluminium plate) but also on a biotic surface (citrus fruit). Further development of the instrument by combining sorting systems with the plasma device promises an efficient means of disinfecting citrus fruits during food processing.

scholarly journals Effects of brewers’ spent grain protein hydrolysates on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community in an artificial rumen fed a high grain diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Ranithri Abeynayake ◽  
Atef Mohamed Saleem ◽  
Xiumin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Spent Grain

Abstract Background Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) typically contains 20% – 29% crude protein (CP) with high concentrations of glutamine, proline and hydrophobic and non-polar amino acid, making it an ideal material for producing value-added products like bioactive peptides which have antioxidant properties. For this study, protein was extracted from BSG, hydrolyzed with 1% alcalase and flavourzyme, with the generated protein hydrolysates (AlcH and FlaH) showing antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effects of AlcH and FlaH on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient disappearance, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community using an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a high-grain diet. Results As compared to the control of grain only, supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) disappearances of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP and starch, without affecting fibre disappearances; while AlcH had no effect on nutrient disappearance. Neither AlcH nor FlaH affected gas production or VFA profiles, however they increased (P < 0.01) NH3-N and decreased (P < 0.01) H2 production. Supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) the percentage of CH4 in total gas and dissolved-CH4 (dCH4) in dissolved gas. Addition of monensin reduced (P < 0.01) disappearance of nutrients, improved fermentation efficiency and reduced CH4 and H2 emissions. Total microbial nitrogen production was decreased (P < 0.05) but the proportion of feed particle associated (FPA) bacteria was increased with FlaH and monensin supplementation. Numbers of OTUs and Shannon diversity indices of FPA microbial community were unaffected by AlcH and FlaH; whereas both indices were reduced (P < 0.05) by monensin. Taxonomic analysis revealed no effect of AlcH and FlaH on the relative abundance (RA) of bacteria at phylum level, whereas monensin reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and enhanced Proteobacteria. Supplementation of FlaH enhanced (P < 0.05) the RA of genus Prevotella, reduced Selenomonas, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister as compared to control; monensin reduced (P < 0.05) RA of genus Prevotella but enhaced Succinivibrio. Conclusions The supplementation of FlaH in high-grain diets may potentially protect CP and starch from ruminal degradation, without adversely affecting fibre degradation and VFA profiles. It also showed promising effects on reducing CH4 production by suppressing H2 production. Protein enzymatic hydrolysates from BSG using flavourzyme showed potential application to high value-added bio-products.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Egyptian Citrus Beebread

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2433
Author(s):  
Nesren Elsayed ◽  
Hatem Sharaf El-Din ◽  
Ammar B. Altemimi ◽  
Hanaa Y. Ahmed ◽  
Anubhav Pratap-Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Anticancer Activities

In this study, Egyptian beebread (EBB) was investigated for its nutritive value, chemical composition, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Results indicated that EBB was a good source of protein (23.58 ± 0.183 g/100 g BB), total free sugar (20.266 ± 0.930) and potassium (290.202 ± 2.645 mg/100 g). Additionally, 14 fatty acids were identified in EBB, wherein polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids represented 51.06% ± 0.09% and 9.86% ± 0.01%, respectively. The EBB extract exhibited almost 400% better antiradical activity than BHT, with IC50 of EBB extract being 10.7 µg/mL compared to 39.5 µg/mL for BHT. EBB exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the reference compound against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, followed by Bacillus subtilis. No inhibitory activity was observed against Aspergillus Niger. Additionally, the highest inhibitory activity was recorded against Caco-2 cells, followed by PC3 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values 262, 314 and 386 μg/mL, respectively. These findings establish the potential of EBB as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor agent, with possible applications as natural food supplements and natural preservatives.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Application of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Polymerization and Oligomerization Reactions

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Fangyu Ren ◽  
Pengfei Ji
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Catalytic Active Site ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Templating Effect ◽  
Structural Aspects ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Polymers have become one of the major types of materials that are essential in our daily life. The controlled synthesis of value-added polymers with unique mechanical and chemical properties have attracted broad research interest. Metal–organic framework (MOF) is a class of porous material with immense structural diversity which offers unique advantages for catalyzing polymerization and oligomerization reactions including the uniformity of the catalytic active site, and the templating effect of the nano-sized channels. We summarized in this review the important recent progress in the field of MOF-catalyzed and MOF-templated polymerizations, to reveal the chemical principle and structural aspects of these systems and hope to inspire the future design of novel polymerization systems with improved activity and specificity.

scholarly journals Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo M. R. Ferreira ◽  
Teresa Cunha-Oliveira ◽  
Margarida C. Sobral ◽  
Patrícia L. Abreu ◽  
Maria Carmen Alpoim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Proteotoxic Stress ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The Impact

Worldwide, several million workers are employed in the various chromium (Cr) industries. These workers may suffer from a variety of adverse health effects produced by dusts, mists and fumes containing Cr in the hexavalent oxidation state, Cr(VI). Of major importance, occupational exposure to Cr(VI) compounds has been firmly associated with the development of lung cancer. Counterintuitively, Cr(VI) is mostly unreactive towards most biomolecules, including nucleic acids. However, its intracellular reduction produces several species that react extensively with biomolecules. The diversity and chemical versatility of these species add great complexity to the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cr(VI) toxicity and carcinogenicity. As a consequence, these mechanisms are still poorly understood, in spite of intensive research efforts. Here, we discuss the impact of Cr(VI) on the stress response—an intricate cellular system against proteotoxic stress which is increasingly viewed as playing a critical role in carcinogenesis. This discussion is preceded by information regarding applications, chemical properties and adverse health effects of Cr(VI). A summary of our current understanding of cancer initiation, promotion and progression is also provided, followed by a brief description of the stress response and its links to cancer and by an overview of potential molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI) carcinogenicity.

Evaluation of tendering effect from date seed extract (P. dactalytera) in knuckle part meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Maryana Mohamad Nor ◽  
Lukman Ismail ◽  
Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin ◽  
Ikhmal Hisham Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cooked Meat

Phoenic dactylifera (date) is a species of flowering plants in the family of Arecaceae. Date seeds are considered as a waste from many processing that produced plants pitted date, confectionery date syrup and date itself. Currently, the seeds are used mainly for animal feed in the cattle and chicken industry. In 2004, about 863,000 tonnes of date seeds are produced out of 6.9 million tonnes date. Tenderness is the major concern that affecting consumer acceptance of beef in meat industry. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of the bioactive compound extracted from date seed as a tenderizing agent in meat. Extraction of date seeds used a different method of extraction (Soxhlet and Maceration). The application of extracted on knuckle part of beef were performed and papain was used as a positive control and followed by the sensory evaluation. The analysis of cooked meat was performed in order to analyze the physico-chemical properties of date seeds extract. The result from the study revealed that the aqueous extract (maceration techniques) gave the best percentage of the total yield recovery with 28.44%. The physico-chemical properties of cooked meat showed the reducing of pH value after cooking. Meanwhile for the cooking yield, result showed that almost 86% of water losses during cooking for aqueous extract and positive control and 96% for negative control. According to the sensory evaluation of the cooked meat, scoring test and hedonic test were performed using One Way Anova. The result for texture is 6.10±2.1, juiceness is 5.87±1.76 and taste is 6.80±1.34. All attributes have no significant different at p <0.05 between aqueos extract, and positive control. A general acceptance shows that no significant different between aqueos extract (6.50±2.0) and positive control (7.13±1.98). The result suggested that the tenderization effect of date seed improved the textural properties of knuckle part meat and have potential for tenderization purpose in food industry.

Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties of Nine Proso Millet Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1165-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjot Singh ◽  
Akinbode Adedeji ◽  
Dipak Santra
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract. Evaluation of the postharvest properties of nine proso millet cultivars was carried out to determine their physical and engineering properties, which are very useful for designing appropriate systems for process operations such as sorting, drying, heating, cooling, and milling. Nine cultivars of proso millet comprising waxy and non-waxy types, namely Cope, Earlybird, Huntsman, Minco, Plateau, Sunrise, Rise, Dawn, and Panhandle, were obtained from the Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, Scottsbluff. Results showed significant (p &lt; 0.05) differences in their physical properties, such as sphericity, volume, bulk density, porosity, and angle of repose, which ranged from 0.86 to 0.91, from 3.94 to 5.14 mm3, from 765.49 to 809.67 kg m-3, from 42.49% to 44.20%, and from 22.98° to 25.74°, respectively. The cultivars were also evaluated for their pasting and gelatinization properties, and high correlation was found between amylose content and onset temperature (r = -0.94), peak gelatinization temperature (r = -0.92), peak viscosity (r = 0.84), final viscosity (r = 0.91), and setback viscosity (r = 0.90). The understanding of these basic physical and functional properties of proso millet cultivars will form the foundation for processing them into value-added products. Keywords: Chemical properties, Pasting properties, Proso millet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document