scholarly journals Arthropods in Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals and Medicine: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordelia Ebenebe ◽  
Simon Okweche ◽  
Oghale Okore ◽  
Valentine Okpoko ◽  
Maduabuchi Amobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Apart from food, other important needs in the care of human bodies are cosmetics and drugs. For long the latter two are obtained from chemical formulations and phytochemicals (commonly used in Ethnomedicine), use of bioactive compounds from insects (i.e. “ento medicine” and “ento cosmetics”) is a recent development in research, even though the bioactive compounds were discovered long ago. This chapter is a review on a number of substances extracted from various insect species that are useful in cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries as well as those that form part of prescription for healing in orthodox and traditional medicine. The review is based on information from scientific reports, Google, e-library, textbooks. A number of substances were found to have been incorporated into cosmetic and pharmaceutical products and as part of prescriptions for healing in orthodox medicine, many others at elementary stages of investigation, purification and development. The findings showed that insects have a lot of bioactive substances that need to be harnessed for the good man.

Pharmaceutical Polymers - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Sonia Pahuja ◽  
Ranjit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Humans have taken advantage of the adaptability of polymers for centuries in the form of resins, gums tars, and oils. However, it was not until the industrial revolution that the modern polymer industry began to develop. Polymers represent an important constituent of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Polymers have played vital roles in the formulation of pharmaceutical products. Polymers have been used as a major tool to manage the drug release rate from the formulations. Synthetic and natural-based polymers have found their way into the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Synthetic and Natural polymers can be produced with a broad range of strength, heat resistance, density, stiffness and even price. By constant research into the science and applications of polymers, they are playing an ever-increasing role in society. Diverse applications of polymers in the present pharmaceutical field are for controlled drug release. Based on solubility pharmaceutical polymers can be classified as water-soluble and water-insoluble. In general, the desirable polymer properties in pharmaceutical applications are film forming, adhesion, gelling, thickening, pH-dependent solubility and taste masking. General pharmaceutical applications of polymers in various pharmaceutical formulations are also discussed

Indian Pharmaceutical Industries Current Status and Togetherness to Overcome Speed Breakers in Term of Quality Issues to Make India as a Global Pharma Destination

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Rathee ◽  
Kapil Pihwal ◽  
Neelam Pawar ◽  
Sheikh Aamir ◽  
Mohammad Shahbaz Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
United States Dollar ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Governmental Control ◽  
Future Plans

: Regulatory is the heart of the Pharmaceutical Industries which acts as an interface between the industries and government authorities for the growth and development of pharmaceutical industry system of their respective country. In 2017, India was a pharmaceutical country valued at USD (United States Dollar) 13 billion and accounting for 20 percent of worldwide exports, making the country the main supplier of generic drugs worldwide. Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, the Department of Pharmaceutical Products said that the national pharmaceutical market's gross revenue reached approximately US $ 18.12 billion in 2018 (Rs 129,015), growing 9.4% year-on-year and export retention in 2018 was US $ 17.88 billion. 19.14 billion US$ in 2019. The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has increased by 13.1 percent to Rs 61,398 crore (US $ 8.98 billion) in the Union Budget 2019-20. The Indian pharmaceutical market is facing many difficulties such as central and state regulatory compliance, data integrity, ethics committee in clinical trials, governmental control over the price of medicine, lack of research and so on. We are discussing in our article that top 10 pharmaceutical companies are doing business, their turnover in 2020 and challenge in today's era. We discuss future plans and solutions to problems, so that they can be ranked first in the world.

scholarly journals Valorization of Kiwi by-Products for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds: Circular Economy Model

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Franklin Chamorro ◽  
María Carpena ◽  
Bernabé Nuñez-Estevez ◽  
Miguel A. Prieto ◽  
Jesus Simal-Gandara
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
By Products

Currently, agricultural production generates large amounts of organic waste, both from the maintenance of farms and crops, and from the industrialization of the product. Generally, these wastes are accumulated in landfills or burned, sometimes causing environmental problems. However, many scientific studies suggest that these residues are rich in bioactive compounds, so these matrices could be revalued for their use in food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries. In this way, the circular and sustainable economy is favored, while obtaining products with high added value. In this case, this approach is applied to the residues generated from kiwi production, since numerous studies have shown the high content of kiwi in bioactive compounds of interest, such as phenolic compounds, vitamins, and carotenoids. These compounds have been reported for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, among other beneficial properties for health such as its use as prebiotic. Therefore, this article reviews the potential of residues derived from industrial processing and agricultural maintenance of kiwi as promising matrices for the development of new nutraceutical, cosmetic, or pharmacological products, obtaining, at the same time, economic returns and a reduction of the environmental impact of this industry, attaching it to the perspective of the circular economy.

scholarly journals Utilization of Cumbeba (Tacinga inamoena) Residue: Drying Kinetics and Effect of Process Conditions on Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
João Paulo de Lima Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre José de Melo Queiroz ◽  
Rossana Maria Feitosa de Figueirêdo ◽  
Wilton Pereira da Silva ◽  
Josivanda Palmeira Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Water Diffusivity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Effective Water

The residue generated from the processing of Tacinga inamoena (cumbeba) fruit pulp represents a large amount of material that is discarded without proper application. Despite that, it is a raw material that is source of ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which are valued in nutraceutical diets for allegedly combating free radicals generated in metabolism. This research paper presents a study focused on the mathematical modeling of drying kinetics and the effect of the process on the level of bioactive of cumbeba residue. The experiments of cumbeba residue drying (untreated or whole residue (WR), crushed residue (CR) and residue in the form of foam (FR)) were carried out in a fixed-bed dryer at four air temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C). Effective water diffusivity (Deff) was determined by the inverse method and its dependence on temperature was described by an Arrhenius-type equation. It was observed that, regardless of the type of pretreatment, the increase in air temperature resulted in higher rate of water removal. The Midilli model showed better simulation of cumbeba residue drying kinetics than the other models tested within the experimental temperature range studied. Effective water diffusivity (Deff) ranged from 6.4890 to 11.1900 × 10−6 m2/s, 2.9285 to 12.754 × 10−9 m2/s and 1.5393 × 10−8 to 12.4270 × 10−6 m2/s with activation energy of 22.3078, 46.7115 and 58.0736 kJ/mol within the temperature range of 50–80 °C obtained for the whole cumbeba, crushed cumbeba and cumbeba residue in the form of foam, respectively. In relation to bioactive compounds, it was observed that for a fixed temperature the whole residue had higher retention of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds, whereas the crushed residue and the residue in the form of foam had intermediate and lower levels, respectively. This study provides evidence that cumbeba residue in its whole form can be used for the recovery of natural antioxidant bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, with the possibility of application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals A review of the ethnomedicinal, antimicrobial, and phytochemical properties of Musa paradisiaca (plantain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamoldeen Abiodun Ajijolakewu ◽  
Abiodun Saheed Ayoola ◽  
Tariq Oluwakunmi Agbabiaka ◽  
Folashade Rahmat Zakariyah ◽  
Nike Risikat Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Abstract Background More people—in both developing and developed countries—now use, and are favourably disposed to, traditional medicine. Musa paradisiaca (plantain) is used extensively in traditional medicine across continents. In this review, we investigated the scientific justification of this extensive usage. Main body Generally, several studies validate usage in infectious diseases, but limited antiviral and in vivo reports exist. The mechanistic elicitation of antimicrobial activity has similarly not been ascertained. Contrarily, data abound from rigorous studies on physiological conditions. Activity across categories is tied to the potent phytosterols duo of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol; and the triterpenes viz. cycloeucalenone, 24-methylene-cycloartanol, and 31-norcyclolaudenone; present in plantain. Toxicity studies, while finite, suggest general safety and tolerance. Conclusions Findings in the studies reviewed projects plantain as a veritable source for drug bioprospecting that will be of benefit to scientific research and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Antiprotozoal Activity against Entamoeba histolytica of Plants Used in Northeast Mexican Traditional Medicine. Bioactive Compounds from Lippia graveolens and Ruta chalepensis

Molecules ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 21044-21065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea ◽  
Benito Mata-Cárdenas ◽  
Javier Vargas-Villarreal ◽  
Aldo Bazaldúa-Rodríguez ◽  
Isvar Kavimngeles-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antiprotozoal Activity ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Secondary Metabolites Compounds Isolated from Phylum Actinobacteria and Its Therapeutic Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4504
Author(s):  
Muhanna Al-shaibani ◽  
Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed ◽  
Nik Sidik ◽  
Hesham Enshasy ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

The current review aims to summarise the biodiversity and biosynthesis of novel secondary metabolites compounds, of the phylum Actinobacteria and the diverse range of secondary metabolites produced that vary depending on its ecological environments they inhabit. Actinobacteria creates a wide range of bioactive substances that can be of great value to public health and the pharmaceutical industry. The literature analysis process for this review was conducted using the VOSviewer software tool to visualise the bibliometric networks of the most relevant databases from the Scopus database in the period between 2010 and 22 March 2021. Screening and exploring the available literature relating to the extreme environments and ecosystems that Actinobacteria inhabit aims to identify new strains of this major microorganism class, producing unique novel bioactive compounds. The knowledge gained from these studies is intended to encourage scientists in the natural product discovery field to identify and characterise novel strains containing various bioactive gene clusters with potential clinical applications. It is evident that Actinobacteria adapted to survive in extreme environments represent an important source of a wide range of bioactive compounds. Actinobacteria have a large number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. They can synthesise thousands of subordinate metabolites with different biological actions such as anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, anti-virus, anti-cancer and growth-promoting compounds. These are highly significant economically due to their potential applications in the food, nutrition and health industries and thus support our communities’ well-being.

scholarly journals Chitosan/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Complexes for Microencapsulation of Vitamin E and Its Release Profile—Understanding the Effect of Anionic Surfactant

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Jelena Milinković Budinčić ◽  
Lidija Petrović ◽  
Ljiljana Đekić ◽  
Milijana Aleksić ◽  
Jadranka Fraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate

Microencapsulation of bioactive substances is a common strategy for their protection and release rate control. The use of chitosan (Ch) is particularly promising due to its abundance, biocompatibility, and interaction with anionic surfactants to form complexes of different characteristics with relevance for use in microcapsule wall design. In this study, Ch/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) microcapsules, without and with cross-linking agent (formaldehyde (FA) or glutaraldehyde (GA)), were obtained by the spray drying of vitamin E loaded oil-in-water emulsion. All of the microcapsules had good stability during the drying process. Depending on the composition, their product yield, moisture content, and encapsulation efficiency varied between 11–34%, 1.14–1.62%, and 94–126%, respectively. SEM and FTIR analysis results indicate that SDS as well as cross-linkers significantly affected the microcapsule wall properties. The profiles of in vitro vitamin E release from the investigated microcapsules fit with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (r2 > 0.9). The chemical structure of the anionic surfactant was found to have a significant effect on the vitamin E release mechanism. Ch/SDS coacervates may build a microcapsule wall without toxic crosslinkers. This enabled the combined diffusion/swelling based release mechanism of the encapsulated lipophilic substance, which can be considered favorable for utilization in food and pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Characterization of functional components flour epicarp papaya (Carica papaya L) as a source of natural pigments

Respuestas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Viviana Andrea Velasco Arango ◽  
John Edwin Sotelo Barbosa ◽  
Luis Eduardo Ordoñez Santos ◽  
José Igor Hleap Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Functional Components

Papaya (Carica papaya L) is some fruit rich in antioxidants and an important source for obtaining bioactive compounds. Its production, worldwide for the year 2017, was 13.3 million tons. In its industrial processing is obtained approximately between 15 and 20%, in relation to the weight of the fruit, of husks or epicarp, which are likely to be used in order to obtain organic compounds such as carotenoids and polyphenols, among others, contributing, in addition, to mitigate the effects on the environment, since generally, these shells are thrown into landfills of solid waste, generating serious problems of environmental pollution. The objective of this research was to characterize physicochemically the carotenoid pigments obtained from the papaya epicarp. A papaya epicarp flour was processed and it was determined, both in it and in the fresh epicarp, pH, titratable acidity, moisture content and dry matter. Likewise, the carotenoid content, the antioxidant activity and the content of phenolic compounds were determined. The results showed high values for physicochemical parameters. The content of carotenoid compounds for the fractions of β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, Zeaxanthin and lycopene ranged between 8,587 and 4,070 mg/100g of epicarp, with the highest value corresponding to β-cryptoxanthin and the lowest value the lycopene fraction. The antioxidant activity, expressed as inhibition of the DPPH radical, gave a value of 58.77 ± 3.038 IC50 mg/ml. The content of phenolic compounds measured in mg of gallic acid equivalents/g gave a result of 24.948 ± 0.728. The data obtained allow us to conclude that said flour can be used as a source of bioactive compounds and natural pigments both in the food industry and in the technical and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Wild Plants Seed Extracts Used in Traditional Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
D.E.M. Radwan ◽  
A. Essa ◽  
S. Ghozwany ◽  
K. Hamzy ◽  
M. Hefzy
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Seed Extracts
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