scholarly journals Biodegradation by Fungi for Humans and Plants Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Singh ◽  
Deepak Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Saprophytic Fungi ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Living Organisms

Fungi being achlorophyllous depends on other living organisms for their food either being parasite or saprophyte. Saprophytic fungi are good biodegraders. Through their enzymatic batteries, they can degrade any organic substances. Most of the time during the processes of degradation, macrofungi (mushrooms) are occurred as per the climatic conditions prevailing in the particular locations. Micro and macrofungi are considered a good source of human nutrition and medicine since time immemorial. Some of the fungi which are commonly known as mycorrhizae facilitate nutrients to more than 90% of green plants. Fungi play a basic role in plant physiology and help in the biosynthesis of different plant hormones that provides the flexibility of plant to withstand adverse environmental stress, the whole fungi are more friend than foe.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential oils of 14 known Ficus species – A Concise Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 8003-8034
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Living Organisms

Compounds useful for drugs, cosmetics, and food have been obtained directly or indirectly from living organisms over the years. However, there has been a renewed interest in getting useful compounds from living organisms, especially plants. Essential oils, interchangeably called volatile oils, are bioactive compounds found in minute quantities in some plants. Essential or volatile oils have been known for years to find usefulness in foods, drugs (antimicrobial, antifungal), and cosmetics. This review attempts to summarize information on the essential oil from Ficus species concerning their morphology, pharmacology, bioactivity, and application. This was achieved by gathering information on essential oils from different Ficus species. Essential oils from Ficus species are a good source of bioactive compounds for use in drug, food, and cosmetic industries. It is worthy to note that Nigerian Figs were characterized by the high presence of phytol and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, and these compounds are, therefore, seen as markers. Furthermore, this review presents numerous insights on how to best harness the different potentials of the essential oils and possibilities to be examined.

scholarly journals MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARABIC COFFEE

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa ◽  
Matheus Luís Oliveira Cunha ◽  
Fernando Takayuki Nakayama ◽  
Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo ◽  
Ronaldo da Silva Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Best Fit

The understanding of the behavior of each cultivar under adverse climatic conditions is important in the choice of plants that best fit the region to be inserted. Due to the large number of cultivars available on the market it makes it difficult for producers to choose which material to plant. In view of the above, this study aimed to know the morphophysiological characteristics of coffee. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 10 treatments, that is, arabic coffee varieties: Catuai IAC62; Catuai IAC99; Ouro IAC4397; Tupi RN IAC1669-13; Obatã IAC1669-20; Mundo Novo IAC379-24; Mundo Novo IAC 388-17-2; Mundo Novo SH3 Faz São José; Bourbon IACJ15 and Icatu IAC 2944-11 and with four replications totaling 40 plots, where each plot was composed of seven plants. The Mundo Novo IAC 388-17-2 coffee variety shows higher yield in the seventh year of cultivation. Variety of Bourbon IACJ15 coffee presented water use efficiency (EUW) which did not reflect in higher productivity. The Catuai V IAC99 arabica coffee variety stood out in the internal morphology of the leaves. The thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis (TADE and TABE) and the CO2 assimilation rate (A) showed negative correlations with the productivity of processed coffee bags. Keywords: Coffea arabica; plant morphology; plant physiology; varieties.

scholarly journals A developmental biologist’s journey to rediscover the Zen of plant physiology

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Dinneny
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Function

Physiology, which is often viewed as a field of study distinct from development, is technically defined as the branch of biology that explores the normal function of living organisms and their parts. Because plants normally develop continuously throughout their life, plant physiology actually encompasses all developmental processes. Viewing plant biology from a physiologist’s perspective is an attempt to understand the interconnectedness of development, form, and function in the context of multidimensional complexity in the environment. To meet the needs of an expanding human population and a degrading environment, we must understand the adaptive mechanisms that plants use to acclimate to environmental change, and this will require a more holistic approach than is used by current molecular studies. Grand challenges for studies on plant physiology require a more sophisticated understanding of the environment that plants grow in, which is likely to be at least as complex as the plant itself. Moving the lab to the field and using the field for inspiration in the lab need to be expressly promoted by the community as we work to apply the basic concepts learned through reductionist approaches toward a more integrated and realistic understanding of the plant.

The classification of pollutants and their pathways in the atmosphere

1979 ◽  
Vol 290 (1376) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Broad Classification

Atmospheric pollutants may damage, directly or indirectly, human life and health, other living organisms and complete ecosystems, human artefacts, and climatic conditions. The development of appropriate policies and methods for control of pollution requires, inter alia , an assessment of the routes taken by pollutants or their precursors through the atmosphere. Consideration of these routes leads to a broad classification on a local, regional or global basis associated mainly, but not exclusively, with the terrestrial boundary layer, with the troposphere and with the stratosphere respectively. This may require in some cases the perspective of total biogeochemical cycles, and in any event of the relative importance of man-made and natural sources of materials to be regarded as pollutants.

Neoseiulus baraki (Acari: Phytoseiidae) survival and walking in response to environmental stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaneska Barbosa Monteiro ◽  
Girleide Vieira França ◽  
Manoel Guedes Correa Gondim Jr ◽  
Debora Barbosa Lima ◽  
Jose Wagner Silva Melo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Neoseiulus Baraki ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Living organism is exposed to the influence of various environmental conditions. These environmental conditions can trigger stress and compromise the fitness of the organism. As living organisms, phytoseiid mites are frequently exposed to a range of environmental stressors. In the present study, we attempted to explore the responses of the Neoseiulus baraki to environmental stress factors (temperature and humidity). Initially, the effect of different temperature (18–33 °C) and relative humidity (10–95%) levels on the survivorship of unfed N. baraki females was evaluated. Next, we estimated the walking parameters (distance traveled and average walking speed) with a computerized tracking system and we tested how N. baraki is constrained in their effective displacement by their ability to walk and survive in absence of food. The proportion of surviving N. baraki as well as mean survival time decreased significantly with increasing temperature. The opposite trend was observed to relative humidity. The distance covered by N. baraki reduced with increasing temperature (when only taking the temperature dependence of the survival time but not of walking speed and neither the tortuosity of the walking path) ranged from 550 m at 18 ºC to 100 m at 33 ºC. Under climatic conditions representative for the Tropics (27 ºC and 75 % RH) N. baraki was able to survive up to 1.5 days (36 h) without feeding and covered 0.9 m in 10 min as displacement estimated by walking.

Environmental assessment of surface waters in the technogenic zones

10.12737/4177 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Домнина ◽  
Viktoriia Domnina ◽  
Короткова ◽  
Anna Korotkova ◽  
Булухто ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Trophic Links ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Individual

As the result of the monitoring of the Klokovsky stream in s. Plekhanovo of Tula region in the sewage water of "Tulaelectroprivod" the individual living organisms (unicellular green algae and protozoa) were detected. The biological researches allow to revealing the a-mesosaprobic level of organic pollution of surface waters and sediments. The chemical analysis didn´t found inorganic pollutants, in particular heavy metals. Based on biotesting, the acute toxicity of surface water and sediments of the Klokovsky stream and fecal waters was found, caused by the presence of organic substances which are not detected by chemical methods. The research has shown that the surface water in the studied water flow is highly polluted and highly toxic. This ecosystem of the stream is close to destruction, as the trophic links and mechanisms of self-purification are disturbed. The atypical accumulation of organic matter is observed and there are a large number of bacteria, including pathogenic to humans. Thus, the Klokovsky stream and its coastal zone represent an area of intense ecological environment which may influence on human health. The danger is in contact with pathogenic microorganisms and organic substances in garden crops with irrigation water from this stream. There is a threat of the use in food of fish caught in the mouth areas of this watercourse. The consequences of such anthropogenic impacts affect the quality of drinking water. There is the possibility of contamination of the aquifer surface water streams by filtering them through the alluvial deposits of riverbed.

Evaluation and Refinement of the Environmental Stress Index for Different Climatic Conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Moran ◽  
K.B. Pandolf ◽  
A. Laor ◽  
Y. Heled ◽  
W.T. Matthew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Index

scholarly journals Identification of the Calmodulin-dependent NAD+ kinase sustaining the elicitor-induced oxidative burst in plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Dell’ Aglio ◽  
Cécile Giustini ◽  
Alexandra Kraut ◽  
Yohann Couté ◽  
Christian Mazars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Nad Kinase ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Type

AbstractNADP(H) is an essential cofactor ofmultiple metabolic processes in all living organisms. While NADP+ production in plants has long been known to involve a Calmodulin (CaM)/Ca2+-dependent NAD+ kinase, the nature of the enzyme catalyzing this activity has remained enigmatic, as well as its role in plant physiology. Here, we identify an Arabidopsis P-loop ATPase (Atlg04280) with a bacterial type II zeta toxin domain, that catalyzes NADP+ production upon binding of CaM/Ca2+ to a domain located in its N-terminal region. The encoded protein (NADKc-1) is associated with the mitochondria and amplifies the elicitor-induced oxidative burst in Arabidopsis leaves representing the missing link between calcium signalling and metabolism in the response to pathogen elicitor. By analysis of various plants and algae, we show that NADKc is well conserved in the plant lineage and present in basal plants. Our data allows proposing that the CaM-dependent NAD kinase activity is only found in photosynthetic species carrying NADKc-1 related proteins, which would represent the only proteins harboring CaM-dependent NAD kinase activity in plants and algae.

scholarly journals Effect of cold stress on biochemical constituents of fresh water fish Ophiocephalus unmourilius

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Anand S. Joshi ◽  
Resham Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Living Organisms

Living organisms live within a narrow zone of tolerance of climatic conditions. Fresh water fish Ophiocephalus unmourilius is found in Chanakapur dam of Girna river in Kalwan (M.S.). The fish showed irreversible changes in carbohydrates, proteins and Ascorbic acid content when exposed to cold stress. Due to cold stress glycogen and protein content of brain and muscles tissue show considerable increase where as liver tissue show decreasing trend. Similarly ascorbic acid content show increasing trend in brain but considerable decrease in liver and muscular tissue was observed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document