Construction and Validation of Social Citizenship Index

Background: Social citizenship means creating a situation in which everyone can develop their full potential. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the social citizenship index with its various dimensions in selected countries. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach consisting of two phases. In the first phase, social citizenship items were extracted based on a systematic review of previous studies and interviews with experts using direct content analysis. In the second phase, the standardized index was assessed by performing the validity and reliability tests. To combine the dimensions, their values were standardized using the Z score. To analyze the data, factor analysis and normality tests were used. Results: The social citizenship index was categorized into four main dimensions, including health and education, livelihood, economic-political prosperity, and open society. In this study, 125 countries were categorized based on the Social Citizenship Index. The selected countries were classified into three categories based on the opinions of the research group and the cutting point of statistical quartiles: high (32 countries), medium (62 countries), and low (31 countries). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the social citizenship index with four main dimensions and 26 variables is a new tool that allows countries to be compared in the areas of providing welfare services to their citizens.

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VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CONSTRAINTS AT PRESCHOOL

International Journal of Modern Education ◽

10.35631/ijmoe.24008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 90-101

Author(s):

Jamilah Mohd Basir ◽

Azizah Zain ◽

Zaharah Osman

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

High Reliability ◽

Second Phase ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Childhood Education ◽

The Social ◽

Two Phases ◽

Instrument Reliability

Malaysia is the second-largest country for childhood obesity problems in Asian countries. This polemic indirectly caused children less active in physical activity. The purpose of this study was to identify the validity and reliability of factors affecting the constraints of physical activity in preschool. Factors that interfere with physical activity in preschool are due to teacher’s factor, preschool environment factor and physical activity equipment factor. A total of 75 preschool teachers were involved in this study. Therefore, to ensure that this questionnaire is reliable and valid, two phases of validity have been implemented. The first phase of the validation phase was carried out by providing a questionnaire to two experts, a language specialist, and an early childhood education expert. After obtaining expert reviews, all of the reviews were improved to further the second phase of the study. The second phase is the instrument reliability phase. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 application was used to obtain Cronbach’s Alpha scores. Findings show that all items have high reliability because the value of Cronbach Alpha’s questionnaire obtained α = 0.854.

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Validation of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-Long Version II (COPSOQ II) in Greek employees

EMBnet journal ◽

10.14806/ej.26.1.977 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. e977

Author(s):

Eleni Zigkiri ◽

Maria Charalampopoulou ◽

Anastasia Kokka ◽

Flora Bacopoulou ◽

Christina Darviri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychosocial Risk ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Second Phase ◽

Greek Language ◽

Entire Study ◽

Care Services ◽

The Social ◽

Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire ◽

Two Phases ◽

High Educational

The aim of this study was to validate the long second version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II) in the Greek language. The study was carried out in two phases following a mixed-method design. Six hundred and fifty-two Greek employees (response rate 93.3%) responded in the second phase of the study, either online or in writing. Both types of participation to the study were confidential for the participants and the companies as well. Most participants were females (68.1%), married (47.4%), aged 30-49 years (60.9%), with high educational level (60.4%). The majority were occupied in the health and the social care services (37.4%) and employed by the private sector (63.2%). Internal consistency of the GR-COPSOQ II was assessed with the Cronbach alpha criterion (Cronbach’s a) and it was acceptable (0.8>α>0.7) for most of the scales. Mean scores were high in many scales that describe exposure to psychosocial risk factors at the workplace. Construct validity was established by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for the entire study sample and scales. In conclusion, the Greek version of the COPSOQ-II (GR-COPSOQ II) has good psychometric properties and can be recommended as a valid tool for the assessment of psychosocial risk in Greek employees.

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Development and assessment of the psychometric properties of a compassionate care questionnaire for nurses

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-021-00691-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Banafsheh Tehranineshat ◽

Mahnaz Rakhshan ◽

Camellia Torabizadeh ◽

Mohammad Fararouei ◽

Mark Gillespie

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Factor Loading ◽

Care Quality ◽

Second Phase ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Compassionate Care ◽

Caring Behaviors ◽

The Face ◽

Two Phases

Abstract Background Compassionate care is emphasized within professional ethics codes for nursing and is a key indicator of care quality. The purpose of the present study is to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a compassionate care instrument for nurses. Methods This methodological study was carried out in two phases -qualitative and quantitative-from February 2016 to October 2018. In the qualitative stage of the study, a content analysis approach was used to establish the concept of compassionate care through interviews with nurses, patients, and family caregivers. The initial draft of the questionnaire was developed based on the qualitative findings and a subsequent review of the literature. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed for validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v.16. Results From the results of the qualitative phase and review of literature, 80 items were extracted. In the quantitative phase, after evaluation of the face and content validity, 40 items were kept. After measurement of the construct validity, 28 items whose factor loading was above 0.4 were retained. Measurement of convergent validity showed a moderate correlation between the questionnaire and the nurses’ caring behaviors scale (r = 0.67, P = 0.01). The reliability of the 28-item questionnaire was tested by measuring its Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient which were found to be 0.91 and 0.94 for the whole questionnaire, respectively. Conclusion The questionnaire has enough validity and reliability to be used for measuring the nurses’ compassionate care. Therefore, the instrument can be used to measure and record the quality of nursing care.

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Diverse Outcomes: Social Citizenship and the Inclusion of Skilled Migrants in Australia

Social Inclusion ◽

10.17645/si.v5i1.777 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 32-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juliet Pietsch

Keyword(s):

Census Data ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Full Potential ◽

Social Citizenship ◽

Institutional Barriers ◽

Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽

National Community ◽

Multicultural Community ◽

The Social ◽

Australian Bureau Of Statistics

The sociology of citizenship is concerned with the social and economic conditions of citizens of a national community. Drawing on T. H. Marshall’s contribution to the theory of social citizenship this article argues that some groups of migrants and ethnic minorities in Australia, particularly those from non-British and European Backgrounds, face a number of social and institutional barriers which prevent them from reaching their full potential as members of Australia’s multicultural community. Evidence from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census data shows different socioeconomic outcomes for migrants from British and European backgrounds compared with migrants from Asian backgrounds, despite having similar educational qualifications and length of time living in Australia. As such, it is argued that achieving social membership and inclusion continues to be a struggle for particular groups of migrants. A deeper commitment to the core principles of citizenship that is beyond mere notions of formal equality is needed if Australia is to address this important social issue.

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Development and validation of Elder-Friendly Urban Spaces Questionnaire (EFUSQ)

10.21203/rs.2.11073/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Azadeh Lak ◽

Reihaneh Reihaneh Aghamolaei ◽

Hamid Baradaran ◽

Phyo K Myint

Keyword(s):

Personal Characteristics ◽

The Elderly ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Second Phase ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Reliability Indices ◽

Outdoor Spaces ◽

Two Phases ◽

Development And Validation

Abstract Background Considering the lack of specific measurement tools to study elders' perceptions in outdoor spaces, the study objectives were to derive and validate a questionnaire that assesses the essential features of elderly-friendly urban spaces. Methods We used closed-ended questions in two phases. In the first qualitative phase, a preliminary questionnaire was defined using grounded theory. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the elderly-friendly urban spaces were examined through validity and reliability indices. Results The findings of the first phase led to a preliminary item extraction and questionnaire with 15 major domains based on three dimensions: place function, place preferences, and process. In the second phase, a 48-item questionnaire, based on three dimensions, in addition to personal characteristics, was introduced. Conclusions The Elderly-Friendly Urban Spaces Questionnaire (EFUSQ) can be adopted in various communities in understanding of how to create elder-friendly urban spaces to promote active aging.

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Initial Northern Iroquoian Coalescence

The Archaeology of Villages in Eastern North America ◽

10.5744/florida/9781683400462.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 89-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jennifer Birch ◽

Ronald F. Williamson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Social Organization ◽

Second Phase ◽

Regional Networks ◽

Village Level ◽

The Social ◽

Males And Females ◽

Two Phases ◽

And Gender ◽

The Village

Northern Iroquoian societies experienced two phases of community coalescence, one in the thirteenth century, which brought semi-sedentary populations together into the first true villages, and a second phase two centuries later that created large palisaded settlements. This chapter is primarily concerned with the first wave of village formation and the changes in social organization and gender and power relations that accompanied the transition to sedentism. This included more formalized decision-making at the village level as well as the development of recursive entanglements between regional networks defined by kin- and clan-based relations and materialized through ritual and mortuary programs. We argue that transformations in the social and physical labor performed by males and females at the village and regional levels is key to understanding this transition.

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Victims as Actors of Social Control: An Empirical Inquiry in France and Some Implications

International Review of Victimology ◽

10.1177/026975809000100202 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 133-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renée Zauberman ◽

Philippe Robert

Keyword(s):

Private Property ◽

Criminal Policy ◽

National Sample ◽

Second Phase ◽

Policy Issues ◽

Empirical Inquiry ◽

The Social ◽

Screening Question ◽

Two Phases ◽

Detailed Questionnaire

This article presents some preliminary results of the first French national victimization survey. Investigations into victimization are mainly used in France to determine the social profile of victims, as well as their behaviour and attitudes. The survey was implemented in two phases: a screening question on a national sample of 11,000, followed in the second phase by 1,049 victims answering a detailed questionnaire on their attitudes and behaviour. Besides ordinary property and personal offences, family violence and offences related to consumption and business life were included. For each of those types of victimization, the authors detail the specific socio-demographic characteristics of victims in order to compare these profiles. Finally they present data on the consequences of victimization and on the different resources to which victims turn. These results are used to document a discussion on criminal policy issues; in particular, passivity of the police confronted with individual complaints against unidentified offenders; and the considerable transformations in the protection of private property, which blur the traditional borders between state and private sectors.

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Group Responses To Specially Skilled Individuals in a Macaca Fascicularis Group

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853988x00368 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 107 (3-4) ◽

pp. 241-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Eduard Stammbach

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

Social Position ◽

Spatial Proximity ◽

Second Phase ◽

High Ranking ◽

The Social ◽

Lower Ranking ◽

Group Members ◽

Two Phases

The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of monkeys to assess special characteristics in conspecifics. In a first phase I ascertained that all members of a colony of longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were able to attain food by manipulating a one lever apparatus, thus introducing the "tradition" of lever pulling. Then, experiments were carried out on subgroups of the colony where only one of the lower ranking subgroup members was trained to succeed in a more complex task where three levers had to be pulled in a correct sequence. Eight specialists were established in sequence. These specialists became food producers for themselves and for the other group members. Each trial of a specialist's series was carried out in two phases. In the first, the food phase, the food dispensing apparatus was active and responses of other subgroup members to the food producing specialist were observed. In the second, the social phase, the apparatus remained inactive and observations focused on social interactions of the subgroup. As expected, primarily high ranking subgroup members attempted to participate in the food rewards gained by the specialist. It is shown that high ranking animals began to hold back their initial chasing of the specialist from the food site in course of the trials and were soon tolerated to sit near the subordinate food producer. Furthermore, some of the non-specialists began to follow or even to pass the specialist when he was approaching the apparatus to manipulate the levers. These non-specialists thus indicated that they were able to anticipate later actions. In seven out of 55 specialist-non-specialist relationships all predicted changes in social interactions occurred. In the majority of the dyads in which a change in social affiliation was registered an increase of grooming or spatial proximity was positively correlated with the amount of benefit gained from the specialist. In the social phase of the trials the non-specialists gave more grooming to the food producers and maintained spatial proximity even in this second phase. To conclude: At least some of the group members became aware of the skills of the specialists and adapted their behaviour accordingly as if to maximize benefits from their skills. Previous studies had already suggested that monkeys know about social position, social relationships and kinship of group members. This study adds a new aspect of knowledge, namely knowledge on capabilities and skills of others. Differential knowledge allows monkeys to select partners optimally according to their skills and social position.

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Translation and Validation of Psychological Capital Questionnaire

Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research ◽

10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 209-225

Author(s):

Saadiya Abbasi ◽

Anila Kamal ◽

Sobia Masood

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Psychological Capital ◽

Model Fit ◽

Second Phase ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Order Factor ◽

Two Phases ◽

Age Range

The present study was conducted to translate the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24; Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007) Urdu language and to establish the construct validity of the translated version. The study was completed in two phases. In the first phase, Urdu version of PCQ-24 was obtained after the forward and back translations as per the guidelines suggested by Brislin (1970). In the second phase, the Urdu version of PCQ-24 was validated which measures the construct of psychological capital. The sample comprised of 380 small business entrepreneurs (Men = 270, women = 110), taken from Rawalpindi and Islamabad with age range of 18 to 50 years. For this instrument, two concurrent models were tested through confirmatory factor analysis; the first model analyzed was for a four-factor structure. In this model, four subscales of PCQ-24 including Self-efficacy, Hope, Resilience, and Optimism were taken as interrelated factors. While, the second model was a hierarchical model in which four subscales were loaded onto a latent factor of PsyCap. Results established that the four-factor structure of PsyCap showed better fit than the higher-order factor structure. Furthermore, PCQ-24 showed adequate construct validity and reliability after excluding three problematic items (i.e., no. 13, 20, & 23) which were found to cause poor model-fit and lower the reliabilities. Overall, the findings show that newly translated Urdu version of PCQ-24 is a reliable and a valid measure in Pakistani context.

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Kroppens stemthed - en undersøgelse af stress i hverdagslivet

Dansk Sociologi ◽

10.22439/dansoc.v9i2.765 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 61-78

Author(s):

Charlotte Bloch

Keyword(s):

Everyday Life ◽

Cultural Analysis ◽

Logical Analysis ◽

Second Phase ◽

Public Organization ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

The Social ◽

Common Term ◽

Two Phases ◽

Analytical Approaches

The body’s inflextion: a study of stress in everyday life Stress is a common term in our langu¬a¬ge of everyday life. This article discus¬ses the results of an empirical investiga¬tion of stress experiences in everyday life. Data were collected by means of interviews with 36 employees of a public organization. The analysis of the data was conducted in two phases: a pheno¬menological analysis of the qualitative dimensions of stress and an analysis of social and cultural aspects structuring these stress experiences. The results presented here concern the first phase whereas the second phase only is indi¬cated by an example. The phenomeno¬logical analysis yielded a distinction be¬tween three phenomenological struc¬tures, metaphorically termed, ‘fight’, ‘blocking’ and ‘boiling over’. These re¬sults are discussed in relation to such phenomenological concepts as intentio¬nality, time, subjectivity and moods. The analysis of the social and cultural aspects structuring the experiences of stress illustrates that actor’s interpreta¬tion of stress experiences is structured by the dominant discourse of stress, but resistance towards this discourse is found. In conclusion, the results of the two analytical approaches are latched together: the results of the phenomeno¬logical analysis suggest a base for the construction of a new discourse of stress in everyday life; the results of the soci¬al and cultural analysis suggest that ac¬tors might be receptive for other dis¬courses than the available discourses of stress.These results taken together urge us to develop new discourses of stress in everyday life.

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