scholarly journals Kroppens stemthed - en undersøgelse af stress i hverdagslivet

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Public Organization ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Term ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Analytical Approaches

The body’s inflextion: a study of stress in everyday life Stress is a common term in our langu¬a¬ge of everyday life. This article discus¬ses the results of an empirical investiga¬tion of stress experiences in everyday life. Data were collected by means of interviews with 36 employees of a public organization. The analysis of the data was conducted in two phases: a pheno¬menological analysis of the qualitative dimensions of stress and an analysis of social and cultural aspects structuring these stress experiences. The results presented here concern the first phase whereas the second phase only is indi¬cated by an example. The phenomeno¬logical analysis yielded a distinction be¬tween three phenomenological struc¬tures, metaphorically termed, ‘fight’, ‘blocking’ and ‘boiling over’. These re¬sults are discussed in relation to such phenomenological concepts as intentio¬nality, time, subjectivity and moods. The analysis of the social and cultural aspects structuring the experiences of stress illustrates that actor’s interpreta¬tion of stress experiences is structured by the dominant discourse of stress, but resistance towards this discourse is found. In conclusion, the results of the two analytical approaches are latched together: the results of the phenomeno¬logical analysis suggest a base for the construction of a new discourse of stress in everyday life; the results of the soci¬al and cultural analysis suggest that ac¬tors might be receptive for other dis¬courses than the available discourses of stress.These results taken together urge us to develop new discourses of stress in everyday life.

scholarly journals Validation of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-Long Version II (COPSOQ II) in Greek employees

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. e977
Author(s):  
Eleni Zigkiri ◽  
Maria Charalampopoulou ◽  
Anastasia Kokka ◽  
Flora Bacopoulou ◽  
Christina Darviri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
High Educational

The aim of this study was to validate the long second version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II) in the Greek language. The study was carried out in two phases following a mixed-method design. Six hundred and fifty-two Greek employees (response rate 93.3%) responded in the second phase of the study, either online or in writing. Both types of participation to the study were confidential for the participants and the companies as well. Most participants were females (68.1%), married (47.4%), aged 30-49 years (60.9%), with high educational level (60.4%). The majority were occupied in the health and the social care services (37.4%) and employed by the private sector (63.2%). Internal consistency of the GR-COPSOQ II was assessed with the Cronbach alpha criterion (Cronbach’s a) and it was acceptable (0.8>α>0.7) for most of the scales. Mean scores were high in many scales that describe exposure to psychosocial risk factors at the workplace. Construct validity was established by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for the entire study sample and scales. In conclusion, the Greek version of the COPSOQ-II (GR-COPSOQ II) has good psychometric properties and can be recommended as a valid tool for the assessment of psychosocial risk in Greek employees.

Initial Northern Iroquoian Coalescence

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Birch ◽  
Ronald F. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Regional Networks ◽  
Village Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Village

Northern Iroquoian societies experienced two phases of community coalescence, one in the thirteenth century, which brought semi-sedentary populations together into the first true villages, and a second phase two centuries later that created large palisaded settlements. This chapter is primarily concerned with the first wave of village formation and the changes in social organization and gender and power relations that accompanied the transition to sedentism. This included more formalized decision-making at the village level as well as the development of recursive entanglements between regional networks defined by kin- and clan-based relations and materialized through ritual and mortuary programs. We argue that transformations in the social and physical labor performed by males and females at the village and regional levels is key to understanding this transition.

The Fate of Humanism in the 20th Century and the Poetry of Osip Mandelstam: The Poem Lamarck and the Idea of Regression in Its Application to Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Nikolai A. Khrenov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science In Russia ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Shed Light

The article focuses not so much the poetic and stylistic features of Osip Mandelstam’s work, which are of interest to philologists (these have largely been researched), as its cultural aspects. To fill this gap, it is important to compare Mandelstam’s lyric with his prose, theory, criticism, and journalism. We believe that the poet’s statements in these genres provide many answers to the question of his attitude to culture. In general, a cultural analysis of Mandelstam’s poetry has not yet been undertaken. Meanwhile, a lot of whimsical and rather obscure associations in his lyric can be understood only with the help of his implied statements about a specific culture, with parallels to other cultures. In particular, we investigate the poet’s interest in philosophy and natural sciences, which is expressed both in his poems and in his assessments of modern processes. The theoretical works also shed light on Mandelstam’s poetic experiments. The article is based on an attempt to unravel the meaning contained in his poem Lamarck. This circumstance generated the analysis of the poet’s special interest in natural sciences, in the ideas of Lamarck and other researchers. The references to natural sciences allowed Mandelstam to get around the insolubility of the problem of the fate of culture, if we proceed from the state of the social and humanitarian sciences, characteristic of the post-revolutionary period in the development of science in Russia. The statement is substantiated by the fact that these sciences did not discuss the problems of culture, and if they did, the discussion was subordinate to Bolshevist ideology. At the same time, the poet’s thoughts are consonant with the concept of O. Spengler. Mandelstam also inclines to biologism in his vision of culture. The interest in Spengler’s morphology also explains O. Mandelstam’s attraction to the natural sciences. The article concludes that the poet’s judgments lie outside the methodological disputes that exist in academic science. Mandelstam was more interested in the fate of European and, accordingly, Russian culture, especially the fate of humanism, whose values were challenged in the 20th century.

Victims as Actors of Social Control: An Empirical Inquiry in France and Some Implications

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée Zauberman ◽  
Philippe Robert
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Screening Question ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Detailed Questionnaire

This article presents some preliminary results of the first French national victimization survey. Investigations into victimization are mainly used in France to determine the social profile of victims, as well as their behaviour and attitudes. The survey was implemented in two phases: a screening question on a national sample of 11,000, followed in the second phase by 1,049 victims answering a detailed questionnaire on their attitudes and behaviour. Besides ordinary property and personal offences, family violence and offences related to consumption and business life were included. For each of those types of victimization, the authors detail the specific socio-demographic characteristics of victims in order to compare these profiles. Finally they present data on the consequences of victimization and on the different resources to which victims turn. These results are used to document a discussion on criminal policy issues; in particular, passivity of the police confronted with individual complaints against unidentified offenders; and the considerable transformations in the protection of private property, which blur the traditional borders between state and private sectors.

Audience development: a cross-national comparison

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena Cuenca-Amigo ◽  
Amaia Makua
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Audience Development ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of audience development, analysing differences between a number of countries and identifying common elements that underlie the concept regardless of the context. Design/methodology/approach In addition to the literature review, fieldwork has been conducted in the UK, Denmark, Italy, and Spain applying qualitative methodology. The study has been structured in two phases. The first phase comprised 26 in-depth interviews with European experts in audience development while the second phase consisted of six focus groups with European experts. Findings The paper reveals differences between countries, ranging from the definition of the term audience development to the approach undertaken. Despite this, a number of aspects, independent of the context and considered key to a successful audience development, are identified. These aspects are related to the consideration of the development of audiences as a transversal long-term strategy supported by the top management of the organisation. Originality/value The value provided is twofold. First, thanks to the empirical data used, the paper analyses the socio-cultural aspects that affect the emergence of country-specific approaches to audience development and it individuates general features and ideas that contribute to the better understanding of the concept itself. Second, it is one of the few academic works carried out in Spain on this issue.

Group Responses To Specially Skilled Individuals in a Macaca Fascicularis Group

Behaviour ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 107 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 241-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Stammbach
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Ranking ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Two Phases

The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of monkeys to assess special characteristics in conspecifics. In a first phase I ascertained that all members of a colony of longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were able to attain food by manipulating a one lever apparatus, thus introducing the "tradition" of lever pulling. Then, experiments were carried out on subgroups of the colony where only one of the lower ranking subgroup members was trained to succeed in a more complex task where three levers had to be pulled in a correct sequence. Eight specialists were established in sequence. These specialists became food producers for themselves and for the other group members. Each trial of a specialist's series was carried out in two phases. In the first, the food phase, the food dispensing apparatus was active and responses of other subgroup members to the food producing specialist were observed. In the second, the social phase, the apparatus remained inactive and observations focused on social interactions of the subgroup. As expected, primarily high ranking subgroup members attempted to participate in the food rewards gained by the specialist. It is shown that high ranking animals began to hold back their initial chasing of the specialist from the food site in course of the trials and were soon tolerated to sit near the subordinate food producer. Furthermore, some of the non-specialists began to follow or even to pass the specialist when he was approaching the apparatus to manipulate the levers. These non-specialists thus indicated that they were able to anticipate later actions. In seven out of 55 specialist-non-specialist relationships all predicted changes in social interactions occurred. In the majority of the dyads in which a change in social affiliation was registered an increase of grooming or spatial proximity was positively correlated with the amount of benefit gained from the specialist. In the social phase of the trials the non-specialists gave more grooming to the food producers and maintained spatial proximity even in this second phase. To conclude: At least some of the group members became aware of the skills of the specialists and adapted their behaviour accordingly as if to maximize benefits from their skills. Previous studies had already suggested that monkeys know about social position, social relationships and kinship of group members. This study adds a new aspect of knowledge, namely knowledge on capabilities and skills of others. Differential knowledge allows monkeys to select partners optimally according to their skills and social position.

scholarly journals CREATIVITY TRILATERAL DYNAMICS: PLAYFULNESS, MINDFULNESS, AND IMPROVISATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Kamaleldin Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Creative Person ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Creativity Studies ◽  
Psychology Of Creativity

As recent studies proved; creativity is no longer an option, it is really essential for our everyday life. In fact, creativity is a unified whole composed of four interweaved strands; creative person, creative press, creative process, and creative product. Nevertheless, creative person could be considered the motor of these unified gearwheels. Creative person should be open for novelty, tolerant for complexity and ambiguity as discussed through literature; however, the question here is how to acquire these characteristics. In this sense, issues of playfulness, mindfulness and improvisa-tion could be much related and might answer such question. In fact, these topics were approached in many researches in relation to creativity, but there are scarce studies that might relate them to each other, i.e., playfulness with mindfulness, mindfulness with improvisation, or improvisation with playfulness. Thus, this research, as a contribution to the field of the psychology of creativity, proposes that there is a correlation among these three experiences or forces of a creative person. Then, the aim of this research is to explore these interrelations that, if boosted, might leverage creative person’s characteristics. The methodology is based on inductive reasoning via two phases; first, analyzing literature on playfulness, mindfulness and improvisation and their relations to creativity studies. The second phase is traversing these three corpuses, sewing them together in order to create a braid of these forces to act as dynamics boosting for higher levels of creative mindset.

scholarly journals Den etnometodologiske konversationsanalyse som kulturanalytisk metode

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Susanne Kjærbeck
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Telephone Conversation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

This article will focus on the ethnomethodological conversation analysis (CA) as a method for analysing cultural phenomena in conversation. It will present some of CA’s basic assumptions about the social character of situated interaction and the use of con-text in conversation as well as discuss some recent research projects which, based on the conversation analytical approach, focus on cultural aspects of face-to-face or telephone conversation. Finally, it presents basic methodological aspects of the main traditions within cultural analysis, the functionalist paradigm and the interpretive anthropology, and relate the CA approach to these traditions. It is suggested that CA may make significant contributions to the ongoing discussion of methodology within the fields of cultural analysis and intercultural communication, be it the technical skills for analysing organization or identity in talk in interaction, the approach to context, to the interactive character of communication, or the reflexive understanding of the relationship between social and cultural norms and situated interaction.

scholarly journals Construction and Validation of Social Citizenship Index

Health Scope ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirtaher Mousavi ◽  
Ayoub Nafei ◽  
Hassan Rafei ◽  
Malihe Shiani ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mohammadi Gharehghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Standardized Index ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Cutting Point

Background: Social citizenship means creating a situation in which everyone can develop their full potential. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the social citizenship index with its various dimensions in selected countries. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach consisting of two phases. In the first phase, social citizenship items were extracted based on a systematic review of previous studies and interviews with experts using direct content analysis. In the second phase, the standardized index was assessed by performing the validity and reliability tests. To combine the dimensions, their values were standardized using the Z score. To analyze the data, factor analysis and normality tests were used. Results: The social citizenship index was categorized into four main dimensions, including health and education, livelihood, economic-political prosperity, and open society. In this study, 125 countries were categorized based on the Social Citizenship Index. The selected countries were classified into three categories based on the opinions of the research group and the cutting point of statistical quartiles: high (32 countries), medium (62 countries), and low (31 countries). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the social citizenship index with four main dimensions and 26 variables is a new tool that allows countries to be compared in the areas of providing welfare services to their citizens.

scholarly journals VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CONSTRAINTS AT PRESCHOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Jamilah Mohd Basir ◽  
Azizah Zain ◽  
Zaharah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Instrument Reliability

Malaysia is the second-largest country for childhood obesity problems in Asian countries. This polemic indirectly caused children less active in physical activity. The purpose of this study was to identify the validity and reliability of factors affecting the constraints of physical activity in preschool. Factors that interfere with physical activity in preschool are due to teacher’s factor, preschool environment factor and physical activity equipment factor. A total of 75 preschool teachers were involved in this study. Therefore, to ensure that this questionnaire is reliable and valid, two phases of validity have been implemented. The first phase of the validation phase was carried out by providing a questionnaire to two experts, a language specialist, and an early childhood education expert. After obtaining expert reviews, all of the reviews were improved to further the second phase of the study. The second phase is the instrument reliability phase. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 application was used to obtain Cronbach’s Alpha scores. Findings show that all items have high reliability because the value of Cronbach Alpha’s questionnaire obtained α = 0.854.

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