“Is There a “Best” Method for Standard Setting in OSCE Exams? Comparison between Four Methods (A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study)

Background: One of the essential considerations while designing an OSCE exam is “standard-setting”, which refers to the score with which a student could be considered to pass or fail an exam. The selection of proper standard-setting method is based on different criteria, including the applicability of the method, the university bylaws, and the purpose of the test. Objectives: To examine the difference between four different standard-setting methods: the modified Cohen’s, borderline regression, Hofstee methods, and the fixed 60% arbitrary method in determining the passing score in ophthalmology OSCE exam. Methods: Two periodic ophthalmology OSCE were selected to examine the differences in failure rates and pass scores. The four standard setting methods were applied with a sample size that included 38 (year 5 undergraduate) students at the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University. Results: Modified Cohen’s method resulted in the lowest passing score (54% and 58%), while the Hofstee method led to the highest passing score (69.2% and 75%). Comparing the percentage of students who are supposed to pass the exam, we can observe that there is no statistically significant difference among these standard-setting methods were used except for the Hofstee method. Conclusions: There is no single best method for setting the passing mark of an exam. We could obtain more practical outcomes if we considered more than one method and the average pass mark.

Download Full-text

Nutrition Literacy Proportion Differences among Regular Undergraduate Students in Universitas Indonesia Year 2021

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v5i2sp.2021.38-44 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2SP) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Deasy Andesbrenta Sadikin

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Media Use ◽

Education Level ◽

Health Science ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The University

Background: Nutrition literacy is the ability to obtain, process, understand, and use nutritional and dietary information, as well as access to the services needed to make good nutritional decisions. Low nutritional literacy can have an impact on a poor diet and lead to the incidence of non-communicable diseases related to nutrition, such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. College students are prone to develop poor eating habits if not supported by good nutrition literacy.Objectives: This study measured the difference in the proportion of nutritional literacy in regular active undergraduate students at the University of Indonesia based on the cluster of science, gender, paternal and maternal education level, pocket money, and media use.Methods: The study design used is a cross-sectional design with quota sampling method to get 130 samples of students from Health Science Cluster and 130 samples of students from Non-Health Science Cluster.Results: The results of this study showed that the majority of the University of Indonesia students in 2021 has an adequate level of nutrition literacy (62.7%). The results of the bivariate analysis also showed a significant difference in proportion to the level of total nutrition literacy based on cluster of science (OR = 6.7, p-value < 0.01), gender (OR = 2.25, p-value < 0.01), and media use (OR = 4.36, p-value < 0.01). In addition to these factors, there was also a difference in proportion between the level of interactive nutrition literacy based on maternal education level (p-value < 0.05)Conclusions: Students from non-health science cluster are at risk of having a lower level of nutrition literacy compared to students from health science cluster. There are differences in the proportion of nutritional literacy levels based on cluster of science, gender, maternal education level, and media use.

Download Full-text

Impostorism among the undergraduate students of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1062520/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Md Shahjalal ◽

Ahmed Hossain ◽

Most Fatematujjuhora ◽

Arifa Sultana ◽

Shatabdee Hawlader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Professional Lives ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Professional Performance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Imposter Phenomenon ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The University

Abstract Background Imposter Phenomenon (IP) is a highly prevalent behavioural health issue affecting individual professional performance and regular activity. The current study focused on evaluating IP prevalence and assessing the factor contributing to IP among undergraduate students of Dhaka city. This was an analytical cross-sectional survey performed among undergraduate students between August to December 2020. The Young Imposter Scale (YIS) was used to determine the dichotomous assessment for the presence or absence of IP. Results Among the recruited 1,139 students, 378 (33%) had imposter syndrome. The prevalence was relatively higher (34%) among males compared to females (32%). Around one third (31.6%) reported that they face problems in sleeping. Our analysis shows that the sleeping problem of the student (p=<0.01) and academic year (p=0.04) had a statistically significant association with IP. Students who completed two academic years were more likely to have IP (AOR:1.18; 95% CI: 1.01-1.41). There was a statistically significant difference in the experience of IP across who had a sleeping problem than those who didn’t (AOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.25-1.90). Conclusion Our study revealed a relatively high prevalence of IP among undergraduate students, affecting their professional lives. Awareness-raising programmes should be arranged at the university level to help students to cope up with IP.

Download Full-text

Howe’s dental cast analysis of students at the University of Sumatera Utara

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i3.p149-152 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Hilda Fitria Lubis ◽

Tiopan Beltsazar Sinurat

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Female Undergraduate ◽

Male And Female ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Average Value ◽

Arch Width ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The University ◽

Cast Analysis

Background: Cast analysis is the measurement of the upper and lower arch in a 3-dimensional occlusal relationship. Howe’s Analysis can be used to observe total tooth material, arch length, and basal arch width. Howe’s Analysis was conducted to analyse abnormalities of both teeth and the jaw to help diagnose and plan dental care. Purpose: To analyse the difference in total tooth material, arch length, basal arch width, and Howe’s Index between male and female undergraduate students from the University of Sumatera Utara who are of Proto-Malay origin. Methods: Ninety-six samples comprised of 48 male and 48 female students were recruited through the purposive sampling method. All samples were undergraduate students at the University of Sumatera Utara and of Proto-Malay origin, aged between 18 to 26, and have met the exclusion and inclusion criteria. We measured the variables using a digital caliper to measure basal arch width and arch length and Moorrees’ method to measure total tooth material. Data were analysed statistically using an independent t-test to compare means between groups (p<0.05). Results: The male samples’ average value of total tooth material 98.49 mm±3.79, arch length 45.55 mm±2.28, basal arch width 41.07 mm±2.83, and Howe’s Index were 41.71 %±2.63, respectively. The female samples had a lower value compared to the male samples, 94.51 mm, 43.27 mm, 36.89 mm, and 39.05 % respectively. There was a significant difference in the total tooth material, arch length, basal arch width, and Howe’s Index between male and female undergraduate students from the University of Sumatera Utara of Proto-Malay origin (p=0.001; p<0.05). Conclusion: The average measurement of total tooth material, arch length, basal arch width, and Howe’s Index was higher in male than female undergraduate students from the University of Sumatera Utara of Proto-Malay origin.

Download Full-text

UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF REGULATION AND SMART PHONE ADDICTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, NIGERIA

10.26772/cjsms2020050204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 175-188

Author(s):

Sylvester Ororume Atiri ◽

◽

Victoria Lemo Ipietegha ◽

Olakunle Popoola ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Smart Phone ◽

Self Report ◽

Male Students ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Psychological Instruments ◽

The University

The study examined self-regulation of smart phone addiction among undergraduate students in the University of Lagos. The study involved a cross sectional survey of 248 undergraduates, 132 females and 116 male students. A paper and pencil self- report questionnaire which included questions on participants’ demographics and two standardized psychological instruments namely Self-Regulation Questionnaire developed by Kanfer (1970) and the Smart Phone Addiction Scale (SPAS) by Young and Leung, (2008) was used to gather data. The result established a statistically significant relationship between self-regulation and smart phone addiction (r=0.265, p=0.000, p<0.01, 2 tailed). The finding also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between female and male students to smart phone addiction t(246) = -0.647, P>0.05; this implies that neither the male or female respondents reported a higher level smart phone addiction. The study concluded that self-regulation influences addiction to smart phones among undergraduate students.

Download Full-text

Students’ Socio-Economic Status and Academic Adjustment in University of Sargodha

Global Regional Review ◽

10.31703/grr.2017(ii-i).23 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol II (I) ◽

pp. 330-342

Author(s):

Mushtaq Ahmad ◽

Asghar Ali ◽

Saifullah Khan

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Academic Adjustment ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Level ◽

Counseling And Guidance ◽

The University

The study was about the influence of socioeconomic status on academic adjustments of undergraduate students. The study was a cross-sectional survey. The population was all the undergraduates enrolled in the university of Sargodha. Using a multistage random sampling sample of 550 students was selected. A modified scale ‘Socio-economic status surveys for students’ from Student to College Questionnaire (SACQ), were used and on the bases of pilot testing showing reliability coefficient Cronbach Alpha values 0.90 and 0.71respectively. Data were analyzed by calculating frequencies, percentages and mean score, t-test and one-way ANOVA. The major findings were that the majority of students had moderate academic adjustment; no significant difference was found in academic adjustment with respect to their SES. It is recommended that students’ may be provided with the opportunities of group projects and counseling and guidance to gain a high level of academic adjustment.

Download Full-text

COVID19 EN POBLACIÓN RESIDENTE DE ZONAS GEOGRÁFICAS A ALTURAS SUPERIORES A 2500 m.s.n.m.

SITUA ◽

10.51343/si.v23i1.204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Anahi Cardona Rivero ◽

Manuel Montoya

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Sea Level ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

A Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Population Numbers

RESUMEN. -El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las tasas de mortalidad por COVID19 en las regiones a alturas superiores de 2500 m.s.n.m. en comparación a las tasas de mortalidad por COVID19 de los países respectivos. Para lo cual se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal comparativo, se revisaron 20 regiones de 7 países con ciudades de más de 100 000 habitantes que se encuentran por encima de 2500 m.s.n.m. Se registraron los casos de fallecidos por COVID19, cantidad de población y las tasas de mortalidad al 30 de abril del 2020. Los resultados de las tasas de mortalidad fueron evaluados con pruebas de normalidad Kolmogorov y Smirnov y Shapiro Wilk. Para evaluar la diferencia entre las medias de las tasas de mortalidad se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon con signos para muestras relacionadas se trabajó a un nivel de confianza del 95%, obteniendo un valor de p= 0,015 < 0,05; que demuestra la diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Se concluye que el COVID19 presenta menores tasas de mortalidad en zonas geográficas con alturas superiores a 2500 m.s.n.m.Palabras clave: altura, 2500 m.s.n.m., COVID19, tasa de mortalidad.ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to evaluate the mortality rates by COVID19 in the regions at altitudes higher than 2500 m.s.n.m., compared to the mortality rates by COVID19 of the respective countries. For this purpose, a comparative cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, reviewing 20 regions of 7 countries with cities of more than 100,000 inhabitants that are above 2500 meters above sea level. Cases of deaths due to COVID19, population numbers and mortality rates as of April 30, 2020 were recorded. The results of the mortality rates were evaluated with Kolmogorov and Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk normality tests. To evaluate the difference between the means of mortality rates, the Wilcoxon test with signs for related samples was used at a 95% confidence level, obtaining a value of p= 0.015 < 0.05; which demonstrates the statistically significant difference. It is concluded that the COVID19 presents lower mortality rates in geographical areas with altitudes higher than 2500 meters above sea levelKeywords: altitude, 2500 m.s.n.m., COVID19, mortality rate

Download Full-text

Dietary Habits of University Students Living at Home or at University Dorm: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n10p50 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Etab S. Alghamdi ◽

Morooj S. Farrash ◽

Marwan A. Bakarman ◽

Abdel Moniem Mukhtar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The University ◽

At Home

BACKGROUND: Living with the family at home or away from it at the university dorm might affect the behavior of students, including their dietary habits. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in dietary habits between Saudi undergraduate students living with their families and those living at university dorms.METHODS: A cross-sectional study done at six Saudi universities. We recruited 354 undergraduate students. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits, physical activities, perceived body weight and gastro-intestinal symptoms. Differences between students living at home with their families and those living on campus at university dorms were assessed using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Three quarters of our sample were female (77%). Almost 80% of the students lived with their families. Change in dietary habits after joining the university was significantly more common among students living at university dorms (p< 0.001). Major changes in dietary habits were found in 68.6% of students living at home with their families and in 31.4% of those living at university dorms. Moreover, we found significant difference between students living with their families and those living at university dorms, regarding place of breakfast (p= 0.003), place of lunch (p< 0.001), place of dinner (p= 0.002) and perceived body weight (p= 0.018).CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS: Most of the students were living with their families. However, students living at university dorms were at higher risk of unhealthy change in their dietary habits. More nutritional interventions to enhance the health of students should be introduced.

Download Full-text

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa ◽

10.30602/jlk.v1i2.147 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽

Sri Tumpuk

Keyword(s):

Screening Test ◽

Venous Blood ◽

The Body ◽

Ethylene Diamine ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽

The Difference ◽

Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk K2EDTA dan K3EDTA. K3EDTA biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

Download Full-text

Variation in performance on common content items at UK medical schools

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-02761-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David Hope ◽

David Kluth ◽

Matthew Homer ◽

Avril Dewar ◽

Richard Fuller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Standard Setting ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Pass Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Institutional Differences ◽

Common Content ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Due to differing assessment systems across UK medical schools, making meaningful cross-school comparisons on undergraduate students’ performance in knowledge tests is difficult. Ahead of the introduction of a national licensing assessment in the UK, we evaluate schools’ performances on a shared pool of “common content” knowledge test items to compare candidates at different schools and evaluate whether they would pass under different standard setting regimes. Such information can then help develop a cross-school consensus on standard setting shared content. Methods We undertook a cross-sectional study in the academic sessions 2016-17 and 2017-18. Sixty “best of five” multiple choice ‘common content’ items were delivered each year, with five used in both years. In 2016-17 30 (of 31 eligible) medical schools undertook a mean of 52.6 items with 7,177 participants. In 2017-18 the same 30 medical schools undertook a mean of 52.8 items with 7,165 participants, creating a full sample of 14,342 medical students sitting common content prior to graduation. Using mean scores, we compared performance across items and carried out a “like-for-like” comparison of schools who used the same set of items then modelled the impact of different passing standards on these schools. Results Schools varied substantially on candidate total score. Schools differed in their performance with large (Cohen’s d around 1) effects. A passing standard that would see 5 % of candidates at high scoring schools fail left low-scoring schools with fail rates of up to 40 %, whereas a passing standard that would see 5 % of candidates at low scoring schools fail would see virtually no candidates from high scoring schools fail. Conclusions Candidates at different schools exhibited significant differences in scores in two separate sittings. Performance varied by enough that standards that produce realistic fail rates in one medical school may produce substantially different pass rates in other medical schools – despite identical content and the candidates being governed by the same regulator. Regardless of which hypothetical standards are “correct” as judged by experts, large institutional differences in pass rates must be explored and understood by medical educators before shared standards are applied. The study results can assist cross-school groups in developing a consensus on standard setting future licensing assessment.

Download Full-text

Determination Of Factors Affecting Father-Baby Attachment

Gevher Nesibe Journal, IESDR ◽

10.46648/gnj.245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (14) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Emine Serap ÇAĞAN ◽

Birsen KARACA SAYDAM ◽

Sinem GÜLÜMSER ATEŞ ◽

Rabia EKTİ GENÇ ◽

Esin ÇEBER TURFAN

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infant Attachment ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Attachment Figure ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Package Program ◽

The Difference

Introduction: The primary attachment figure is mostly defined as the mother, and studies focus on the mother. However, in many babies, basic attachment is just as good with the father as with the mother. It is seen that there are very few studies in the literature investigating the correlations of father-infant attachment relationships.. The aim of this study is to determine the father-infant attachment status and to determine the factors affecting attachment. Method: The population of the cross-sectional study consisted of the spouses of all puerperant women hospitalized in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between September 1, 2018 and October 1, 2018. The sample size consisted of 156 fathers who agreed to participate in the study. Father identification form and father-infant attachment scale were used to collect the study data. The analysis of the data obtained from the research was carried out on the computer using the SPSS 16.0 package program. Results: 156 fathers participated in the study. The mean age of the fathers is 33.64±6.49, and 38.5% of them have a bachelor's degree. 91.0% of fathers stated that they felt ready for fatherhood. The fathers' Father-Infant Attachment Scale mean score was 82.60±7.72 In the analysis, the difference between the variables and the total score of the scale was found to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: At the end of the study, the bonding process of fathers participating in the study with their babies and the factors affecting this process were evaluated and it was seen that the father-infant attachment scale mean scores of the fathers participating in the study were high and were similar to other studies. In addition, when the basic factors affecting father-infant attachment were compared with the attachment scale mean score, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference.

Download Full-text