Earth

ruffin_darden ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Stead ◽  
Jean Garner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Assigning the moniker stakeholder to the planet has stirred a rather interesting debate in recent years. Proponents have insisted that the Earth is both the ultimate source of economic resources and the ultimate sink for economic wastes, meaning that it “affects or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives” (Freeman, 1984, p. 46). They have said that giving the Earth stakeholder status can effectively tie the ecological health of the planet to the economic survival of the firm, and they have demonstrated this by focusing primarily on the economic benefits which can accrue to firms that effectively respond to the ecological concerns of regulators, consumers, investors, lenders, insurers, and so forth. However, others have questioned assigning the Earth stakeholder status. They have said that doing so convolutes the definition of stakeholder too much by expanding it to something other than “person[s] and groups” (Freeman, 1984, p. 46), and they have said that referring to the planet as a stakeholder is an idealistic view which defies the realities of the relationship between economic activity and the Entropy Law. Regardless of the side, the arguments in this debate have focused primarily at the economic level. Does the Earth’s central place in humanity’s economic survival suffice to give it stakeholder status? Does the Earth have voices on boards of directors? Is the underlying assumption made by those who advocate giving the Earth stakeholder status—that economic activity is ecologically sustainable—truly reflective of the relationship between economics and entropy? However, for us this debate took an interesting turn away from the economic level at the 1997 Ruffin Lectures in Business Ethics when Ian Mitroff said, “The Earth is a stakeholder, but it is a spiritual stakeholder.”

scholarly journals Lagal aspects of water users organizations´ business

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Умиджон Улугов ◽  
Umidjon Ulugov
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Operational Management ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Enterprise Activity

Modern Tajikistan experiences considerable difficulties in a solution of the problem of rational management of objects of water infrastructure which don´t belong to maintaining public authorities, and are step by step transferred to hands of water users. In the present article the actual problems of economic (enterprise) activity of associations of water users in the Republic of Tajikistan urged to solve problems of maintaining, operational management of an internal irrigational network of the Republic of Tajikistan are considered. In article the separate data which have become a basis for reforming of sector of agriculture, to reforming of the former collective farms and state farms in modern Dehkan (farmer) farms and also on lack of essential measures on definition of the property right to constructions, the equipment, the earth of internal irrigational networks of Tajikistan are entered. Way out creation of a new civil form – associations of water users is considered – to whom functions on the maintenance of an internal irrigational network due to economic activity are assigned. Arguments concerning equivalence of economic activity commercial and as result – a contradiction to standards of the civil legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan are given in article.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Nature of the Psycholinguistic Discourse Neuroeconomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-286
Author(s):  
Tamara Tkach ◽  
Anatoliy Tkach ◽  
Ivan Rekun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Multidisciplinary Nature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Fields

Introduction. The article is devoted to the issues of multidisciplinary interaction in new scientific fields, which involve a wide variety of convergences, no matter how strange at first glance they may seem. One of these phenomena is the interaction of psycholinguistics and neuroeconomics. The goal. The article examines the transition of modern science to multidisciplinary discourse, which makes it necessary to conceptualize and possibly operationalize methods of psycholinguistics. The conceptualization of new areas of neuroeconomics, in a psycholinguistic context, presupposes a certain mental experience that includes, in addition to the processes of creating new concepts and contextual economic knowledge, also defining the role of interests, intentions, emotions in human economic activity. Methods. Multivariate analysis, comparative analysis, extrapolation. Results. It is proved that in recent decades the development of new areas of economic science, namely those related to the development of neuroeconomics, has significantly expanded the field of psycholinguistics. The production of new paradigms of economic theory, the formation of the corresponding definitions, objects requires the design and definition of them both in form and in content. It considers the need for a theoretical and orderly definition of the functional meaning of the psycholinguistic context of new definitions, the result of which can be a conceptual system for communication between specialists in various fields of science at the level of their professional understanding. It seems that the central issues in the psycholinguistic discourse of neuroeconomics have become the relationship between economics, psychology, linguistics and psycholinguistics. Such connection is undoubtedly of a multidisciplinary nature, which contributes to the deepening of the relationship between scientific thought, culture and language and became the impetus for understanding the nature of human cognition at a higher, multidisciplinary level of development of science. This is a necessary component for understanding the meanings and structure of concepts, terms and definitions, as well as communications at a higher scientific level. Conclusions. It is concluded that new areas of neuroeconomics such as behavioral economics, behavioral finance, emotional economics, psychological economics, have become areas of economic theory that, explicitly or implicitly, take into account the psychological characteristics of human perception and behavior in the process of economic activity. These definitions catalyze the theoretical integration of various scientific fields, and, above all, psycholinguistic science.

Bureaucrats, Businessmen and Bananas: The Colonial Office and Shipping Services in the West Indies, 1895-1925

1992 ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Robert G. Greenhill
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
The West ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Colonial Office

The interplay between the Colonial Office and British businessmen around the turn of the last century forms the background of this essay. Although the subject has been well-documented in a number of scholarly books and articles, we still lack an unambiguous definition of the relationship. Wide interpretations are still possible on the limits and the extent of the influence exercised by both officials and entrepreneurs. On the one hand, it is argued that the Colonial Office “had an instinctive dislike of government intervention in economic activity.”...

scholarly journals SOCIAL TOURISM: ESSENCE, STRUCTURE AND INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Holod ◽  
Yuliia Flenchak ◽  
Oksana Pidvalna
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Religious Festival

The article deals with the scientific approaches to understanding and research of social tourism and substantiates the theoretical and methodological principles and practical areas of this type of economic activity innovative development. The theoretical developments of authors who studied social tourism in relation to the definition of this concept, its structure are analyzed. Topical issues are the coordination of the conceptual and terminological apparatus, clarification of methodological approaches to understanding the nature and structure of social tourism. The practical problems of the organization of social tourism, in particular, the obstacles that arise on the way of innovative development of this type of economic activity are considered. Given the identified barriers that significantly limit the active development of social tourism, ensuring the availability of recreation for low-income groups requires the development and implementation of a number of specific measures, which include defining the state social policy in tourism, development and adoption of legislation and regulations that would regulate relations in the field of social tourism, the creation of social infrastructure in tourism, providing systems and mechanisms to support certain social segments of the population on opportunities to receive social tourism services, training skilled workers to work in the social tourism system. Three blocks of social tourism types by organizational features are singled out. The specifics of socialization of social types of tourism (sports-health, medical-health, sports, inclusive, ecological, rural, ethnic, religious, festival) are investigated and innovative directions of their development are substantiated. It is concluded that the whole set of interconnected organizational forms of innovation within the region forms a tourism system, the main purpose of which in modern conditions should be to ensure regional and national tourism competitiveness, taking into account the influence of social factors. Social tourism has an important role given the specifics of the current stage of social development, as well as its central place in the structure of the social doctrine of tourism.

scholarly journals Import Operations with Goods: Features of Taxation and its Accounting Reflection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (513) ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
N. O. Lytvynenko ◽  
◽  
M. M. Nashkerska ◽  
Y. Y. Fal ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Tax Credit ◽  
Personal Account ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article, based on the analysis of views of scholars on the essence of the term of «import operation» and establishing the relationship of its content with the terms of «import activity» and «import», suggests a generalized definition of the term of «import operations with goods» as an aggregate of inter-relational actions, that are carried out by the subject of one country by means of buying (acquiring) commodity and material valuables from a resident of another country with mandatory or optional crossing of the customs border for further use (consumption) of such assets or their marketing. Import operations with goods are part of import activities. On analyzing the current legislative and normative regulations of foreign economic activity, the peculiarities of import operations carried out by entrepreneurial entities in Ukraine were disclosed and some inconsistencies in the accounting display of certain costs related to customs clearance of goods during import together with tax credit for the operations on the import of goods into the customs territory of Ukraine were identified. In order to correctly define the income taxation base for enterprises that carry out import operations with goods, it is proposed to differentiate (with the appropriate guidance, provided in the annex to the regulation on accounting policy) the non-base costs related to customs clearance of imported goods as those included in the original cost of goods under the article «Other expenses», and those related to the costs of certain period. The article proposes particular directions for improving the reflection in the system of double-recording of the tax credit on the operations of the import of goods into the customs territory of Ukraine, which will ensure compliance with the indicators both in the value added tax declaration and on the taxpayer’s personal account, considering their analytical context.

Linguistic and Geographical Dynamics of Orographic Terms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (121) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
B Abdualiuly
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The terrain is diverse. Depending on the features in different regions, geographicalobjects are assigned different names. Each nation, based on its life and worldview, depending onnature, gives different names to the places in which it lives. The article will provide a linguistic andgeographical analysis of the relationship of the triad man – earth – name, taking into account thetraditions common to all peoples inhabiting the Earth, including the principles of naming theKazakh ethnic group. Geographical names in modern science are evaluated as the “language of theearth”. It is divided into generalizing and individualizing names. The generalizing names includefolk terms, the individualizing names are toponyms, the first have a descriptive meaning, the secondare individualizing, i.e. they perform the function of personification from other forms. Since theyare closely related to each other, they originate from each other, in most cases they are of a longnature. This is the evolutionary dynamics of language development.In this article, prepared on the basis of the concepts of “interdisciplinary connection”,“complexity”, which attract attention by their relevance in modern science, the regularities of thedevelopment of orographic terms are also considered. The course of development is divided intoterminological, as an element of an artistic language, and toponymic directions of development. Thefigurative meaning, the term meaning, the toponymic meaning are a vivid manifestation of thesethree directions in one word. The truth is that over time, becoming more and more autonomousfrom each other, each in its own way turns into a separate sphere. The research is devoted to thetheoretical and applied description of the degree of quality with the definition of the lexical systemof orographic terms that have developed in the language of the people for centuries.

Determining the discount rate when evaluating trade organizations: Some features

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
E.A. Grigor'eva ◽  
A.S. Buzhikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Subject. This article deals with the issues of determining the market value of the trading business, taking into account a number of characteristics. Objectives. The article aims to develop certain provisions of the methodology and practice of evaluating the business of trading organizations, namely, taking into account the additional risk of inventory feasibility when calculating the discount rate. Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, and the cognition, and economic and analytical research methods. Results. The article presents a three-tiered classification of stocks and a definition of risk based on the criteria for dividing stocks by purpose, degree of implementation, and shelf life in accordance with the scale. Based on the classification, the article offers certain recommendations for determining the discount rate when evaluating trading organizations, aimed at taking into account additional risk. Conclusions. Various evaluation procedures within the framework of traditional approaches and methods in relation to trading organizations do not take into account risk specific to this type of economic activity. The proposed methodology for calculating the discount rate for trade organizations takes into account the features of their functioning.

ECOLOGICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE JONAH NARRATIVE – HAVE THEY SUCCEEDED IN OVERCOMING ANTHROPOCENTRISM?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willie Van Heerden
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Text ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
The Relationship

A central concern of ecological biblical hermeneutics is to overcome the anthropocentric bias we are likely to find both in interpretations of the biblical texts and in the biblical text itself. One of the consequences of anthropocentrism has been described as a sense of distance, separation, and otherness in the relationship between humans and other members of the Earth community. This article is an attempt to determine whether extant ecological interpretations of the Jonah narrative have successfully addressed this sense of estrangement. The article focuses on the work of Ernst M. Conradie (2005), Raymond F. Person (2008), Yael Shemesh (2010), Brent A. Strawn (2012), and Phyllis Trible (1994, 1996).

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CAPITAL OF UKRAINE - THE HERO CITY OF KYIV AS A GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF UKRAINE AND THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF THE CITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Chepov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
District Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The qualitative and clear definition of the legal regime of the capital of Ukraine, the hero city of Kyiv, is influenced by its legislative enshrinement, however, it should be noted that discussions are ongoing and one of the reasons for the unclear legal status of the capital is the ambiguity of current legislation in this area. Separation of the functions of the city of Kyiv, which are carried out to ensure the rights of citizens of Ukraine and the functions that guarantee the rights of the territorial community of the city of Kyiv. In the modern world, in legal doctrine and practice, the capital is understood as the capital of the country, which at the legislative level received this status and, accordingly, is the administrative and political center of the state, which houses the main state bodies and diplomatic missions of other states. It is the identification of the boundaries of the relationship between the competencies of state administrations and local self-government, in practice, often raises questions about their delimitation and ways of regulatory solution. Peculiarities of local self-government in Kyiv city districts are defined in the provisions of the Law on the Capital, which reveal the norms of the Constitution in these legal relations, according to which the issue of organizing district management in cities belongs to city councils. Likewise, it is unregulated by law to lose the particularity of the legal status of the territory of the city. It should be emphasized that the subject of administrative-legal relations is not a certain administrative-territorial entity, but the social group is designated - the territorial community of the city of Kiev, kiyani. Thus, the provisions on the city of Kyiv partially ignore the potential of the territorial community.

Compliance and Conflict of Value in Public Policy Implementation: Comparison between the New Order and the Reformation Era

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwiyanto Indiahono ◽  
Erwan Purwanto ◽  
Agus Pramusinto
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Public Policy Implementation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conflict Of Value ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to examine differences in the relationship of bureaucratic and political officials during the New Order (Soeharto’s era) and the Reformation (post-Soeharto) era within the arena of public policy implementation. This is a matter of importance given that there is a change in relations between the two from integration in the New Order to bureaucratic impartiality in the Reformation Era. This study attempts to answer the question: How were the relations of bureaucratic and political officials in the implementation of local level public policy during the New Order and the Reformation Era? A qualitative research has been conducted in Tegal Municipality using the following data collection techniques: interview, focus group discussion, documentation, and observation. Tegal Municipality was selected as the study location because of the unique relationship shown between the mayor and the bureaucracy. Its uniqueness lies in the emergence of bureaucratic officials who dare to oppose political officials, based on their convictions that bureaucratic/public values should be maintained even if it means having to be in direct conflict with political officials. This research indicates that the relationship between bureaucratic and political officials in the arena of local level policy implementation during the New Order was characterized as being full of pressure and compliance, whereas during the Reformation Era bureaucrats have the audacity to hinder policy implementation. Such audacity to thwart policies is considered to have developed from a stance that aims to protect public budget and values in policies. The occurring conflict of values here demonstrates a dichotomy of political and bureaucratic officials that is different from the prevailing definition of politics-administration dichotomy introduced at the onset of Public Administration studies.

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