Perinatal Pathology: Practice Suggestions for Limited–Resource Settings

2013 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drucilla J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Perinatal Pathology ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Morbidity Data ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Related

The practice of perinatal pathology in much of the world suffers, as do all subspecialties of anatomic pathology, from inadequate resources (equipment, consumables, and both professional and technical personnel), from lack of education (not only of the pathologist but also of the clinicians responsible for sending the specimens, and the technicians processing the specimens), and from lack of appropriate government sector support. Perinatal pathology has significant public health–related utility and should be championing its service by providing maternal and fetal/infant mortality and morbidity data to governmental health ministries. It is with this pathologic data that informed decisions can be made on health-related courses of action and allocation of resources. These perinatal pathology data are needed to develop appropriate public health initiatives, specifically toward achieving the Millennium Developmental Goals as the best way to effectively decrease infant and maternal deaths and to determine causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. The following overview will focus on the utility of perinatal pathology specifically as related to its public health function and will suggest methods to improve its service in resource-poor settings. This article is offered not as a critique of the current practice that most pathologists find themselves working in globally, but to provide suggestions for improving perinatal pathology services, which could be implemented with the limited available resources and manpower most pathology departments currently have. In addition, we offer suggestions for graded improvements (“ramping up”) over time.

scholarly journals Factors associated with hypertension in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0246085
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Ghazala Shah ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Asma Shah ◽  
Kaustubh Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Related

Background High blood pressure is an important public health concern and the leading risk factor for global mortality and morbidity. To assess the implications of this condition, we aimed to review the existing literature and study the factors that are significantly associated with hypertension in the Pakistani population. Methods We conducted several electronic searches in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, Elsevier, and manually searched the citations of published articles on hypertension from May 2019 to August 2019. We included all studies that examined factors associated with hypertension regardless of the study design. To assess the quality of the research, we used the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We also conducted meta-analyses using the DerSimonian & Laird random-effects model to collate results from at least three studies. Results We included 30 cross-sectional and 7 case-control studies (99,391 participants country-wide) in this review and found 13 (35.1%) to be high-quality studies. We identified 5 socio-demographic, 3 lifestyle, 3 health-related, and 4 psychological variables that were significantly associated with hypertension. Adults aged between 30–60 years who were married, living in urban areas with high incomes, used tobacco, had a family history of hypertension, and had comorbidities (overweight, obesity, diabetes, anxiety, stress, and anger management issues) were positively associated with hypertension. On the other hand, individuals having high education levels, normal physical activity, and unrestricted salt in their diet were negatively associated with hypertension. Conclusion We found several socio-demographic, lifestyle, health-related, and psychological factors that were significantly (positively and negatively) associated with hypertension. Our findings may help physicians and public health workers to identify high-risk groups and recommend appropriate prevention strategies. Further research is warranted to investigate these factors rigorously and collate global evidence on the same.

TXTING4HEALTH: The Role of the Mobile Channel in the Health Care Industry and in the Sphere of Public Health

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Holmen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health Care Industry ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Health Related

The vast mobile network created by high adoption rates and increasing familiarity with mobile device capabilities worldwide has potential for far more than the commercial operations to which it is currently relegated. This will be the next wave of mobile: the social and socially conscious dimension of an already broad medium. Mobile's potential is virtually limitless, and the advantages unique to it align well with the demands of the health care industry. The accuracy and speed provided by the medium are particularly valuable to health care professionals and their patients. The emerging social aspect of mobile is being tapped for myriad health-related uses, including smoking cessation and the treatment of eating disorders. Moreover, the ubiquity of the mobile device is advancing public health initiatives across the globe. This article endeavors to describe the state of the mobile medium and what effects it can have on both the health care industry and public health. It also discusses the particular effect the social aspect of mobile technology is having on certain health initiatives and cites specific examples of the synergy between mobile communication and health-related programs. This article concludes by looking toward the future of mobile health projects.

scholarly journals Current Challenges in Hepatitis B

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
MA Ahad ◽  
MA Alim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

Viral hepatitis and its sequelae is one of the important causes of mortality and morbidity world wide. Hepatitis B is a major cause of chronic liver disease and a significant public health issue. Between 350 million to 400 million people world wide chronically infected with HBV. The HBV prevalence in Bangladesh is 2.3 to 9.7 % with an approximate carrier of 10 million. The prevention and treatment of hepatitis B possess a great challenge.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v19i1.3168 TAJ 2006; 19(1): 38-44

scholarly journals Study of the Injured Persons and the Injury Pattern in Road Traffic Accident in Sana’a City, Yemen

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhameed Ali Al-Thaifani ◽  
Nabil Ahmed Al-Rabeei ◽  
Abdulsalam Mohammed Dallak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Public Health

Background. Fatal road traffic accidents constitute a significant public health problem. Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze road traffic accidents in Sana’a city, Yemen, during 2013–2015. Methods. The required information and data of accidents were collected, respectively, from police reported road accident statistics, Sana’a city. 11684 cases of road traffic accidents during period 2013–2015 were studied. Results. 840 people were killed and 9760 people were injured in RTAs during 2013–2015 in Sana’a city. The accident rates per 100000 of the population were 234.8 in 2013, 180.3 in 2014, and 92.2 in 2015. Mortality rates per 100000 of the population were 15.17 in 2013, 12.2 in 2014, and 8.9 in 2015. High speed was the single most important factor responsible for accidents, deaths, and injuries accounting for 38.1% of RTAs followed by drivers’ fault accounting for 18.9% of the total RTAs. The most common age group involved was ≥18 years. Males accounted for 83.1% of killed and injured persons. Most frequent victims of road traffic accidents were vehicles motor (48.9%) followed by pedestrians (38.1%). More than half of RTAs occurred on the straight road. Conclusion. RTAs are a major source of public health concern in Sana’a city, Yemen. Preventive measures to reduce the burden of mortality and morbidity due to road accidents should be introduced.

Development of a Core Online Health Literacy Course in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Vamos ◽  
Paul Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Literacy Course ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Improve Health

Health literacy has implications for people’s ability to make healthy decisions and manage their own health. To improve health literacy, we need to improve the knowledge and skills of those who receive and those who provide health information and services, while paying attention to demands of the environment that shape people’s skills and abilities. Higher education can play a critical role in nurturing a health literate population. This article articulates the need to integrate health literacy courses into health-related degree programs through the integration of Bandura’s work and Core Competencies for Public Health put forward by Canada. Offering such courses in varying formats will help prepare learners to better understand the growing demand for a health literate workforce and will contribute to the ongoing public health initiatives in improving health-related settings by removing health-related barriers. This article outlines the need for a systematic development of health literacy courses based on the integration of instructional and health literacy principles. An example of a core online undergraduate health literacy course in Canada is presented. Insights are offered into how educators can develop and modify their own health literacy courses, which aim to help learners explore ideologies, practices, tools, and policies guiding health literacy efforts for diverse people across settings.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical management of male infertility-towards new generation therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-431
Author(s):  
Olabode Ekerin ◽  
Calistus Okechukwu K.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Related ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Male Factors

Infertility is one of the most significant public health-related concerns globally. Both male and female factors can cause it. Male factors include poor sperm quality, idiopathic oligospermia, asthenozoospermia, and isolated asthenozoospermia. Many substances, collectively known as nutraceuticals, have been studied for their capacity to enhance hormonal state and sperm parameters through different mechanisms. Nutraceuticals are components in dietary supplements prescribed to prevent or treat a wide range of diseases. This article aims to highlight certain nutrients that can help improve male fertility based on recent advancements in the management of male infertility.

scholarly journals Shisha use and trends in Pakistan: A narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Saba Savul
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Social Trend ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Harmful Effects

Shisha smoking is a growing global epidemic and a preventable cause of mortality and morbidity. Shisha use is popular among youth worldwide constituting a voguish social trend. It is widely regarded as less hazardous and more acceptable than cigarette smoking. However, research evidence has highlighted numerous harmful effects of shisha smoking. A literature review was conducted to identify all available research related to shisha smoking in Pakistan. “Pubmed” and “Google Scholar” were employed as search engines. This review presents and evaluates evidence regarding trends, patterns, knowledge, beliefs and usage of shisha in Pakistan. It culminates with recommendations to increase awareness of shisha and preventive strategies to combat this significant public health issue in Pakistan.

Youth Tobacco Sales-To-Minors and Possession-Use-Purchase Laws: A Public Health Controversy

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Jason ◽  
Steven B. Pokorny ◽  
Kathleen Muldowney ◽  
Melissa Velez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Commercial Sources

Tobacco use among youth remains one of our nation's most significant public health problems, and yet available evidence from prevention and cessation person-centered approaches has been mixed. Given these disappointing outcomes, some have recommended more public health approaches, and these include tobacco sales-to-minors and possession-use-purchase laws. While community members and police officials have endorsed these types of public health initiatives, many within the public health community have been either guarded or even oppositional to such approaches. The primary reasons for this controversy are reviewed in this article. Outcome studies indicate that sales-to-minors laws can be an effective step toward the reduction of youth access to commercial sources of tobacco. However, even with these laws in place, many youth indicate that they continue to have easy access to tobacco, often by means of social sources. Advocates of these approaches have argued that more comprehensive public health interventions are needed, such as programs that combine youth access and possession-use-purchase laws. This article reviews the ongoing debate behind these types of public health efforts, and examines the evidence of such programs to reduce youth tobacco use.

Identifying changes in trends in the age standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Hille
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Piecewise Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Males And Females

ObjectiveTo identify changes in the linear trend of the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia for all persons, males, and females. MethodsA two-piece piecewise linear regression was fitted to the data. The piecewise breakpoint varied through an iterative process to determine the model that best fits the data.ResultsStatistically significant changes in the trendof the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia were found for all persons, males, and females. The optimal breakpoint for all persons and males was at 1998. For females, the optimal breakpoint was at 2005. The trend after these breakpoints was flatter than prior to the breakpoints, but still positive.ConclusionMelanoma is a significant public health issue in Australia. Overall incidence continues to increase. However, the rate at which the incidence is increasing appears to be decreasing.

Trend of Parental Refusal or Delay of Childhood Vaccinations

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan Marie Daoust
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Parental Refusal

The healthcare trend of parental refusal or delay of childhood vaccinations will be investigated through a complex Cynefin Framework component in an economic and educational context, allowing patterns to emerge that suggest recommendations of change for the RN role and healthcare system. As a major contributing factor adding complexity to this trend, social media is heavily used for health related knowledge, making it is difficult to determine which information is most trustworthy. Missed opportunities for immunization can result, leading to economic and health consequences for the healthcare system and population. Through analysis of the powerful impact social media has on this evolving trend and public health, an upstream recommendation for RNs to respond with is to utilize reliable social media to the parents’ advantage within practice. The healthcare system should focus on incorporating vaccine-related education into existing programs and classes offered to parents, and implementing new vaccine classes for the public.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document