scholarly journals Policentryczność regionów miejskich w Polsce = Polycentricity of urban regions in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-474
Author(s):  
Bartosz Bartosiewicz ◽  
Szymon Marcińczak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

Studies dealing with the issue of polycentric urban development, both functional and morphological, often promote different approaches to the measurement of polycentricity. Relying on data on commuting patterns and the intra-regional distribution of population in Poland in 2011, we apply two measures of polycentricity to shed more light on the functional and morphological development of urban regions in Poland. We also explore the relationship between the two dimensions of polycentricity, using a functional/morphological primacy index and a general functional polycentricity index. The results reveal regions for which the different measures suggest divergent conclusions, while also implying that the measure used can determine the strength and statistical significance of the relationship between the two dimensions to polycentricity. As, in our view, it is the measure advocated by Burger et al. (2011) that best seems to differentiate between the different forms of urban structure, we use this to summarise patterns of polycentric urban development in Poland. The results illustrate: the statistical significance of the relationship between the two (morphological and functional) dimensions to polycentricity in Poland’s urban regions, and the way in which the level of functional polycentricity is higher than the degree of functional polycentricity.

scholarly journals Workplace location, polycentricism, and car commuting

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 785-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitwi Wolday ◽  
Petter Naess ◽  
Anders Tønnesen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Structure ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Survey Data ◽  
Commuting Distances ◽  
Workplace Development ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Although significant strides have been made regarding the relationship between urban structure and travel, some doubt appears to be lingering concerning the impacts of polycentric urban development. For example, the debate on whether a polycentric or monocentric workplace location pattern is favorable for reducing negative environmental effects from transportation has not been entirely settled. This study intends to contribute to clearing up some of the misconceptions by focusing on the implications of spatial distribution of jobs on commuting patterns among employees within the Oslo metropolitan area. Results show a strong tendency for a higher share of car commuting among employees working in suburban workplaces. This pattern persists also for suburban workplaces located close to suburban transit nodes. The share of transit commuters shows the opposite pattern. Commuting distances also tend to increase the farther from the city center the workplace is located. These conclusions are based on cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal survey data as well as semi-structured in-depth interviews of workers, including several interviewees who had changed their workplace locations. To our knowledge, this is the first mixed-methods study on the influence of workplace location on commuting behavior. The results raise doubt about the appropriateness of polycentric intra-metropolitan workplace development as a strategy for sustainable mobility.

From Festies to Tourrats: Examining the Relationship between Jamband Subculture Involvement and Role Meanings

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Grateful Dead ◽  
Security Officer ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Affective Meanings ◽  
Continuous Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Acts

I introduce two continuous measures of subculture involvement (ideological embeddedness and behavioral-relational involvement), and use them to examine the relationship between involvement in the jamband subculture and the affective meanings (evaluation, potency, and activity) associated with 18 roles that are relevant to that subculture. I expect the two measures of involvement to be related positively to the evaluation and potency of fourteen subculture roles (deadhead, drinker, drug user, environmentalist, festie, hippie, phishhead, rainbow person, rastafarian, raver, stoner, tourrat, vendor, wharfrat), and negatively to the evaluation and potency of four authority roles (capitalist, nark, police officer, venue security officer). Using data from self-administered surveys ( N = 418 for familiar subculture and authority roles, N = 219 for less familiar subculture roles), I find that subculture members learn meanings for relevant roles as a result of their socialization in the subculture; more specifically, as a result of their levels of ideological embeddedness and behavioral-relational involvement. This study enhances other investigations of subculture and meaning socialization. First, whereas past studies have examined between-group meaning variation, I investigate within-group meaning variation. A within-group analysis should indicate whether or not groups are heterogeneous, a finding that might reduce negative acts such as stereotyping. Second, I introduce two continuous measures designed to capture two dimensions of subculture involvement: ideological embeddedness and behavioral-relational involvement. Similar to previous conceptualizations of involvement, these two measures represent both attitudinal and behavioral involvement. Third, previous qualitative research within the related Grateful Dead subculture suggests that although not all subculture roles are equal in terms of evaluation, most subculture roles tend to be equal in potency. I further investigate this hypothesis using evaluation and potency to represent the affective meaning of roles, and I examine the implications of these findings for the jamband subculture.

scholarly journals KLAIPĖDOS IR KITŲ BALTIJOS UOSTAMIESČIŲ URBANISTINĖS STRUKTŪROS KAITA GLOBALIZACIJOS KONTEKSTE

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Eglė Truskauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Integrated Planning ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
City System ◽  
The Relationship

The paper presents a part of the dissertation work “Urban dynamics of the Lithuanian seaside”. This section covers the problems of Klaipėda urban development and assessment of new opportunities under the effect of globalization factors. Klaipėda is compared with the other Baltic seaports in order to investigate its potential for redevelopment and dynamics of the urban structure. The study reveals the most important trend of urban dynamics in the era of globalization – an integrated development of the seaport and city system. Common development of these structures allows to solve the problems of both port and city in the most efficient way. In such a context Klaipėda appears as a seaport city which is changing along the seaside contrary to the natural seaport life cycle. This contradiction occurs because of urban development which is complicated by natural factors, land shortage and difficulties in coordinating different interests of stakeholders. Klaipėda seaport could also be applicable for rational decision-making in the field of urban development. It could be implemented by applying the pratice of the other Baltic seaports which is based on analysing the seaside efficiency, using new seaport development models and trends of systematic urban planning. On this basis Klaipėda should become an area of urban development with an integrated planning of the seaport and city system considering the relationship between these still little related parts. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiama platesnio disertacinio darbo „Lietuvos pajūrio urbanistinė dinamika“ dalis. Ši dalis skirta Klaipėdos urbanistinės raidos problemoms nagrinėti ir naujoms galimybėms įvertinti, veikiant globalizacijos faktoriams. Klaipėda lyginama su kitais Baltijos uostamiesčiais, tiriant jų plėtros potencialą ir urbanistinės struktūros dinamiką. Tyrime ryškėja svarbiausia globalizacijos epochos urbanistinės dinamikos tendencija – uosto ir miesto sisteminė plėtra. Šių struktūrų bendras vystymas leidžia efektyviai spręsti tiek uosto, tiek miesto problemas. Tokiame kontekste Klaipėda išsiskiria kaip uostamiestis, kuris palei pakrantę juda atvirkščiai, nei diktuoja natūralus uostų raidos ciklas, nes kryptingą urbanistinę plėtrą komplikuoja gamtiniai veiksniai, teritorijų stygius bei sunkiai suderinami įvairių ūkinių subjektų, turinčių interesų pakrantėse, poreikiai. Pritaikius kitų Baltijos uostų aktualią praktiką, nagrinėjant pakrančių efektyvumą, taikant naujus uostų plėtros modelius ir sisteminio planavimo diktuojamas urbanistinės raidos kryptis, Klaipėdos uostamiestyje taip pat galima rasti racionalių plėtros sprendimų. Klaipėdai siūloma urbanistinės raidos kryptis – sisteminis uosto ir miesto planavimas, rūpinantis ryšiais tarp šių, kol kas menkai susijusių, uostamiesčio dalių.

scholarly journals Psychological Alienation and its Relationship to Psychological Security among a master's Students at Taif University: الاغتراب النفسي وعلاقته بالأمن النفسي لدى طلبة مرحلة الماجستير بجامعة الطائف

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samirah Ghafil Alazmi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The study aimed to identify the feelings of psychological alienation among master's students at Taif University and identify the levels of such feelings. The study also aimed to identify the relationship between the level of psychological alienation and psychological security among the students. The study followed the descriptive approach; where the study sample consisted of (60) master's students at Taif University in Saudi Arabia. The study tool consisted of two measures; the psychological alienation and psychological security measures. The study came out with a set of results, the most important of which were: The total score of responses to the dimension of social isolation was 60.8%. The total score of responses to the dimension of anomie was 54.4%. The total score of responses to the dimension of nihilism was 60.8%. The total score of responses to the dimension of the feeling of impotence reached 45%. The total score of responses to the dimension of reification was 40.5%. The sample's assessment levels on the dimensions of life satisfaction ranged between 36-77.7%; where the total score of responses to this dimension was 71.7%. The total score of responses to the dimension of social appreciation was 59.6%. The total score of responses to the dimension of social stability reached 56%. In addition, the study found a negative relationship of statistical significance between the level of psychological alienation and psychological security among master's students at Taif University according to the correlation coefficient (0.633). In light of the previous results, the study recommended creating a climate in the university that satisfies the needs of the students; keeping them away from feeling alienated, and the need for psychological counselors to be present to provide psychological guidance to students at the university.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF SUCCESSION URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Elvira A. GROMILINA
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The modern development of cities is infl uenced by a large number of factors, for example, the political environment, global climate change, and the epidemiological situation. The article examines the relationship between the subsystems of urban structure, ensuring its successive development, with the aspects of sustainable development. Aspects of succession urban development in the context of sustainable development are divided into three groups: environmental, economic and social. The urban planning process consists of short-term and long-term programs. Taking into account the identifi ed aspects, the principles of urban planning are formulated, which are aimed at preserving and developing the successive elements of the architectural and planning structure of the city.

Urban Form and Vehicular Travel: Some Empirical Findings

1998 ◽  
Vol 1617 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Miller ◽  
Amal Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Work Trip ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Some empirical findings are presented on the relationship between urban form and work trip commuting efficiency, drawn from the analysis of 1986 work trip commuting patterns in the greater Toronto area. Work trip commuting efficiency is measured with respect to the average number of vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) per worker in a given zone. Preliminary findings include VKT per worker increases as one moves away from both the central core of the city and from other high-density employment centers within the region; job-housing balance, per se, shows little impact on commuting VKT; and population density, in and of itself, does not explain variations on commuting VKT once other urban structure variables have been accounted for.

scholarly journals Perceived Self-Efficacy and Its Relationship to Achievement Motivation among Parallel Program Students at Prince Sattam University

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Harahsheh
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Relationship

The study aimed to identify the level of perceived self-efficacy and achievement motivation and the relationship between them. The sample of the study included 164 students. The researcher used the measure of perceived self-efficacy and the measure of achievement motivation. The measure of perceived self-efficacy consisted of 72 paragraphs distributed on nine dimensions. While the measure of achievement motivation consisted of 20 paragraphs. It has been conducted the necessary honesty and reliability coefficients for them.The results indicated to the high levels of perceived self-efficacy and achievement motivation, to a correlation which is very weak and a positive direction (proportional) with statistical significance between perceived self-efficacy dimension (behavioral) and achievement motivation, to six correlation relationships which are weak and a positive direction (proportional) with statistical significance between perceived self-efficacy dimensions (emotional, social, self-confidence, others-confidence, cognitive, moral) and achievement motivation, to the presence of correlation relationship which is medium and positive direction (proportional) with statistical significance at the significance level (α = 0.05) between perceived self-efficacy and its two dimensions (persistence and perseverance, academic) and achievement motivate.

Visual Evoked-Response Correlates of Speechreading Performance in Normal-Hearing Adults

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Samar ◽  
Donald G. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Visual Evoked Response ◽  
Latency Measure ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visual Evoked

The relationship between the latency of the negative peak occurring at approximately 130 msec in the visual evoked-response (VER) and speechreading scores was investigated. A significant product-moment correlation of -.58 was obtained between the two measures, which confirmed the fundamental effect but was significantly weaker than that previously reported in the literature (-.90). Principal components analysis of the visual evoked-response waveforms revealed a previously undiscovered early VER component, statistically independent of the latency measure, which in combination with two other components predicted speechreading with a multiple correlation coefficient of S4. The potential significance of this new component for the study of individual differences in speechreading ability is discussed.

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

Innovative Thinking on the Relationship between the Provision of Local Services and Inequality in Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Yoram Ida ◽  
Amir Hefetz ◽  
Assaf Meydani ◽  
Gila Menahem ◽  
Elad Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Local Services ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
Mandatory Service ◽  
The Relationship

What innovative policy tools can be introduced so that the provision of local services will mitigate inequality among residents of different localities? Based on the ‘new localism’ approach, this article examines one such tool—a mandatory national standard for services provided by local authorities (a ‘service basket’)—and suggests that the implementation process should consider local variation and autonomy. The novelty of our approach lies in including both objective and normative considerations in the methodological instrument that we developed to capture these two dimensions. This innovative methodology also enabled us to estimate existing service gaps among local authorities and the burdens some will face upon instituting a mandatory service basket.

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