scholarly journals Chronic dermatophytosis: A clinical, epidemiological, mycological study

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Abdullah Mancy
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chronic Dermatophytosis ◽  
Shed Light

Background: Dermatophytes are a common cause of superficial fungal infection of the skin. The emergence of epidemic-like attacks of those chronic and recurring represents a public health problem. Materials and Methods: Two hundred patients with suspected fungal infection of the skin attending the Dermatology and Venereology Department of Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital were examined. Fifty-nine patients with chronic dermatophytosis were selected for the study and fifty of those were subjected for culture. History taking and a physical examination were conducted for all patients. A wet mount of 10% potassium hydroxide and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar was done for selected cases. Results: Among 59 patients with chronic infections, the main age group affected was 29 years old, with a nearly equal sex ratio. The mean duration of the illness was 1.2 years. Tinea corporis was the most common type. The Trichophyton genera were the most common (65%), and Trichophyton mentagrophyte was the most common species isolated (46%). Conclusion: Multiple factors have been associated with the appearance of epidemic-like attacks of chronic dermatophyte infections in Iraq in the last several years. Herein, we would like to shed light on these factors and the pathogens responsible.

Point-of-Care Testing Using Invasive and Non-Invasive Hemoglobinometers: Reliable and Valid Method for Estimation of Hemoglobin among Children 6–59 Months

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gomathi Ramaswamy ◽  
Kashish Vohra ◽  
Kapil Yadav ◽  
Ravneet Kaur ◽  
Tripti Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hematology Analyzer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Introduction Globally around 47.4% of children and in India, 58% of children aged 6–59 months are anemic. Diagnosis of anemia in children using accurate technologies and providing adequate treatment is essential to reduce the burden of anemia. Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices is a potential option for estimation of hemoglobin in peripheral and field settings were the hematology analyzer and laboratory services are not available. Objectives To access the validity of the POCTs (invasive and non-invasive devices) for estimation of hemoglobin among children aged 6–59 months compared with hematology analyzer. Methods The study participants were enrolled from the pediatric outpatient department in Haryana, India, from November 2019 to January 2020. Hemoglobin levels of the study participants were estimated in Sahli’s hemoglobinometer and invasive digital hemoglobinometers (DHs) using capillary blood samples. Hemoglobin levels in non-invasive DH were assessed from the finger/toe of the children. Hemoglobin levels measured in POCTs were compared against the venous blood hemoglobin estimated in the hematology analyzer. Results A total of 120 children were enrolled. The mean (SD) of hemoglobin (g/dl) estimated in auto-analyzer was 9.4 (1.8), Sahli’s hemoglobinometer was 9.2 (1.9), invasive DH was 9.7 (1.9), and non-invasive DH was 11.9 (1.5). Sahli’s hemoglobinometer (95.5%) and invasive DH (92.2%) had high sensitivity for the diagnosis of anemia compared with non-invasive DH (24.4%). In contrast, non-invasive DH had higher specificity (96.7%) compared with invasive DH (83.3%) and Sahli’s hemoglobinometer (70%). Invasive DH took the least time (2–3 min) for estimation of hemoglobin per participant, followed by Sahli’s (4–5 min) and non-invasive DH (5–7 min). Conclusion All three POCT devices used in this study are reasonable and feasible for estimating hemoglobin in under-5 children. Invasive DHs are potential POCT devices for diagnosis of anemia among under-5 children, while Sahli’s can be considered as a possible option, where trained and skilled technicians are available. Further research and development are required in non-invasive DH to improve accuracy. Lay summary In India, anemia is a serious public health problem, where 58% of the children aged 6–59 months are anemic. Point-of-care testing (POCT) using digital hemoglobinometers (DHs) has been recommended as one of the key interventions by the Anemia Mukt Bharat program since 2018 in India. These POCT devices are easy to use, less invasive, can be carried to field, require minimal training and results are available immediately. Therefore this study assessed the validity of POCT devices—invasive DH, non-invasive DH and Sahli’s hemoglobinometer among 6–59 months children in facility setting compared with the gold standard hematology analyzer. A total of 120 children under 6–59 months of age were enrolled from the pediatric outpatient department in Haryana, India, from November 2019 to January 2020. The (mean hemoglobin in g/dl) invasive (9.7) and non-invasive DH (11.9) overestimated hemoglobin value, while Sahli’s (9.2) underestimated hemoglobin compared with hematology analyzer (9.4). Invasive DH (92.2%) and Sahli’s hemoglobinometer (95.5%) reported high ability to correctly identify those with anemia compared with non-invasive DH (24.4%). In contrast, non-invasive DH (96.73%) had higher ability to correctly identify those without the anemia compared with invasive DH (83.3%) and Sahli’s (70%).

External Ventricular Drain Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. C. Wong ◽  
Wayne W. S. Poon
Keyword(s):  
Major Trauma ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Object The authors explored the relationship among the duration of external ventricular drainage, revision of external ventricular drains (EVDs), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection to shed light on the practice of electively revising these drains. Methods In a retrospective study of 199 patients with 269 EVDs in the intensive care unit at a major trauma center in Australasia, the authors found 21 CSF infections. Acinetobacter accounted for 10 (48%) of these infections. Whereas the duration of drainage was not an independent predictor of infection, multiple insertions of EVDs was a significant risk factor. Second and third EVDs in previously uninfected patients were more likely to become infected than first EVDs. An EVD infection was initially identified a mean of 5.5 ±0.7 days postinsertion (standard error of the mean); these data—that is, the number of days—were normally distributed. Conclusions This pattern of infection is best explained by EVD-associated CSF infections being acquired by the introduction of bacteria on insertion of the drain rather than by subsequent retrograde colonization. Elective EVD revision would be expected to increase infection rates in light of these results, and thus the practice has been abandoned by the authors' institution.

scholarly journals The efficacy of plant extracts on cecal amebiasis in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enerst C. Ohanu ◽  
Paul C. Inyang-Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Amebiasis caused by <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Treatment failure with specific chemotherapy has been reported suggesting the possibility of drug resistance. This study investigated the anti-amoebic effects of four plant extracts on cecal amebiasis in rats. The cecal amebiasis was induced by the injection of 3.0×105 troph/mL of <em>E. histolytica</em> parasite directly into the rat’s caecum. A total of 137 rats were used for these studies; five rats in each group for both positive and negative control, 15 rats in each group to test the four plant extracts and metronidazole. The infected rats were treated for cecal amebiasis using each of the four plant extracts at graded doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and with metronidzole at a dose of 62.5 mg/kg,100 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg for five consecutive days. The efficacy of the four plant extracts were evaluated based on Neal’s, 1951 method. The plant extracts of Garlic, <em>Guava</em>, Pawpaw and Pumpkin at 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body-weight gave a cure rate of 80%, 100%, 60%, 40% and 40%, 80%, 40%, 0%, respectively. The mean parasite count in the cecal contents of the treated rats at a dose 400 mg/kg were 18.5±1.6, 0.0±0.0, 33.3±1.8 and 49.5±4.0, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). This study has revealed that Guava at a high dosing level (400 mg/kg body weight) is as good as the standard drug in reducing the both parasite load (probably with limited side effect).

scholarly journals Role of Oxidative Stress as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Children on Regular Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-421
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Mazhar Nadeem ◽  
Sunila Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regular Hemodialysis

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide, and its main consequences include loss of renal function leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), significant increase in morbidity and mortality, and a decrease in health-related quality of life. Aims and Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in those children who are on regular hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ hospital, Faisalabad during July 2020 to January 2021. The data were collected from the age of less than 18 years children of both sexes. There were 50 children who was selected for this study. At the time of the study, all the patients were on regular three HD sessions per week. In HD patients, venous blood samples were drawn immediately before and after hemodialysis session. Baseline laboratory investigations were carried out for all patients and controls including complete blood count, serum urea and creatinine, arterial pH, arterial blood gases and infection screening, which included blood and urinary cultures by standard methods.  Results: The data were collected from 50 dialysis patients. The mean age of this study is 15years. We collected all the demographic data of patients. The mean value of Urea is 64.34±2.44 mg/dl). At before-dialysis session, duration of disease positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.969, P <0.001), but, negatively correlated with TAC (r = −0.469, P <0.002). At after-dialysis session, HIF-1α negatively correlated with each of TPX (r = −0.529, P <0.001) and OSI (r = −0.459, P <0.003); while, OSI positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.944, P <0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that HD patients, the clinical and prognostic significance of oxidative status associated with cardiovascular risk factors is very different from the general population. Although a direct causality cannot be inferred from such kind of correlative investigations.

scholarly journals Quality of life of alcohol dependent patients attending a deaddiction centre in Kannur district

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
R. Ratheesh ◽  
Bindu Mohandas ◽  
P. P. Venugopalan ◽  
A. K. Sarada ◽  
Suprej K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Psychological Domain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is individuals' perceptions of their position in life. QOL of alcohol dependent patients is an area that has received relatively less attention compared to other alcohol related problems.Methods: A deaddiction centre based cross sectional study was done on 370 individuals using a predesigned questionnaire during the period of 2012-2013. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to find association between the study variables.Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 38.08±8.46 years. The mean duration of drinking was 12.62±7.47 years. The overall score of the QOL and the perceived health in alcohol dependent patients was 3.19±0.89 and 3.01±0.98 respectively. The mean of the transformed scores of physical, psychological, social and environmental domains are 69.12±12.82, 57.84±12.81, 58.52±17.05, 68.62±10.23 respectively. Statistical analysis of age with physical, environmental and social domains showed a significant negative correlation; literacy status with QOL, perceived health, physical, psychological, social and environmental domains showed a significant positive correlation; socio economic status with QOL and psychological domain showed a significant positive correlation; duration of drinking with QOL, perceived health, physical and psychological domain showed a significant negative correlation.Conclusions: Harm from alcohol use is a major public health problem. Reducing the level of social and health harms from alcohol requires preparation and planning.

scholarly journals Stochastic Estimation and Non-Linear Wall-Pressure Sources in a Separating/Reattaching Flow

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naguib ◽  
L. Hudy ◽  
W. M. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Wall Pressure ◽  
Stochastic Estimation ◽  
Piv Measurements ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Plate Geometry ◽  
Shed Light

Simultaneous wall-pressure and PIV measurements are used to study the conditional flow field associated with surface-pressure generation in a separating/reattaching flow established over a fence-with-splitter-plate geometry. The conditional flow field is captured using linear and quadratic stochastic estimation based on the occurrence of positive and negative pressure events in the vicinity of the mean reattachment location. The results shed light on the dominant flow structures associated with significant wall-pressure generation. Furthermore, analysis based on the individual terms in the stochastic estimation expansion shows that both the linear and non-linear flow sources of the coherent (conditional) velocity field are equally important contributors to the generation of the conditional surface pressure.

scholarly journals A comparative study between ferrous carboxy maltose and iron sucrose in the management of post-partum anaemia in tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4866
Author(s):  
Seeta Sunil Garag ◽  
Sanjana Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem contributing tremendously to maternal morbidity and mortality. It is the most common indirect cause of maternal mortality. Variety of injectable iron preparations are now available which can be effective tools for combating post-partum anaemia. This study aims to compare FCM (Ferrous carboxy maltose) and iron sucrose in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in post-partum women at KIMS, Hubli, Karnataka, India.Methods: This study was conducted at KIMS, Hubli in the year 2018-19 wherein 100 post-partum women with hb levels ranging from 5-10g% were selected for the study and randomly allocated into 2 groups- FCM group and iron sucrose group. They were administered 1g of FCM and 1g of iron sucrose respectively after clinical evaluation and baseline measurement of hb. They were followed up after 2 weeks for repeat hb% and review of signs and symptoms. FCM and iron sucrose were compared in terms of their efficacy.Results: The mean increase in hb% was found to be 3.2 g% in the FCM group and 2 g% in the iron sucrose group. FCM was also found to be more efficacious in providing relief of common signs and symptoms like easy fatigability and pallor compared to iron sucrose.Conclusions: Ferrous carboxy maltose was found to be more efficacious compared to iron sucrose.

scholarly journals Assessment of the prevalence of vertical hepatitis B transmission in two consecutive generations

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Larissa Akeme Nakano ◽  
Jéssica Toshie Katayose ◽  
Rodrigo Martins Abreu ◽  
Luis Cláudio Alfaia Mendes ◽  
Maria Cleusa Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Hepatitis B Transmission ◽  
The Mean

Summary Introduction: Hepatitis B is an important public health problem in the world and one of the forms of contagion would be through vertical transmission. Precose diagnosis allows the adoption of prophylaxis measures, which results in prevention in more than 90% of cases. Objective: To describe the prevalences of vertical transmission and compare two generations (mother/patient and patient/child). Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which included 101 patients. The interviews were performed through the application of the instrument of data collection and information of the physical file before the medical consultation. Results: The mean ± SD of age was 50.9 ± 13.1 years, the male gender predominated, with 56.4% of the patients, and the predominance was white, with 43.6%. Vertical transmission between mother and patient occurred in 17.8% and between patient and child, in 7.9%. In all of the eight cases of vertical transmission, the diagnosis was after the birth of children infected with HBV, and in 3/8 (37.5%), there was more than one case of infection by this mechanism per patient, totaling 13 children with the disease. Conclusion: There was a reduction in vertical transmission, showing that preventive measures were effective.

scholarly journals Emerging Terbinafine Resistance in Trichophyton: Clinical Characteristics, Squalene Epoxidase Gene Mutations, and a Reliable EUCAST Method for Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditte M. L. Saunte ◽  
Rasmus K. Hare ◽  
Karin M. Jørgensen ◽  
René Jørgensen ◽  
Mette Deleuran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homology Modeling ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Squalene Epoxidase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT In recent years, cases involving terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton isolates have been reported increasingly, particularly in India. We present 14 cases of terbinafine treatment failure in Trichophyton-infected Danish patients due to acquired resistance. Patients infected with Trichophyton rubrum (n = 12) or Trichophyton interdigitale (n = 2) with elevated terbinafine MICs during 2013–2018 were included. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was performed following a modified EUCAST E.Def 9.3.1 method (5 days of incubation) with or without cycloheximide and chloramphenicol (CC) supplementation of the growth medium. The squalene epoxidase (SE) target gene was sequenced, and 3-dimensional enzyme homology modeling was performed. Most patients (12/14 [86%]) were male. The mean age was 53.5 years (range, 11 to 77 years). The mean duration of infections was 4.8 years at the time of resistance detection. Prior systemic terbinafine treatment was documented for all patients, and topical therapy for 62% (information was missing in one case). Overall, nine isolates (64%) displayed high terbinafine resistance (MICs, 4 to >8 mg/liter), while two (14%) displayed moderate (MICs, 1 to 2 mg/liter) and three (21%) displayed low (MICs, 0.125 to 0.25 mg/liter) terbinafine resistance compared with control isolates. MICs generated with or without CC supplementation were similar, but CC prevented contamination. Known and novel SE amino acid substitutions (F397L, L393F, L393S, F415S, H440Y F484Y, and I121M V237I) were detected in resistant but not control isolates. Three-dimensional homology modeling suggested a role of the novel I121M and V237I alterations. Terbinafine resistance has been detected in Denmark using a modified EUCAST method, which facilitated susceptibility testing of dermatophytes. Action is needed for this emerging public health problem.

scholarly journals METACHRONOUS COLORECTAL LIVER METASTASES HAS BETTER PROGNOSIS - IS IT TRUE?

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudemiro QUIREZE JUNIOR ◽  
Andressa Machado Santana BRASIL ◽  
Lúcio Kenny MORAIS ◽  
Edmond Raymond Le CAMPION ◽  
Eliseu José Fleury TAVEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Hepatic Metastasis ◽  
Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Recurrence Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Colorectal Hepatic Metastasis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Liver metastases from colorectal cancer are an important public health problem due to the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer worldwide. Synchronous colorectal liver metastasis has been associated with worse survival, but this prognosis is controversial. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the recurrence-free survival and overall survival between groups of patients with metachronous and synchronous colorectal hepatic metastasis. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with colorectal liver metastases seen from 2013 to 2016, divided into a metachronous and a synchronous group. The Cox regression model and the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test were used to compare survival between groups. RESULTS: The mean recurrence-free survival was 9.75 months and 50% at 1 year in the metachronous group and 19.73 months and 63.3% at 1 year in the synchronous group. The mean overall survival was 20.00 months and 6.2% at 3 years in the metachronous group and 30.39 months and 31.6% at 3 years in the synchronous group. Patients with metachronous hepatic metastasis presented worse overall survival in multivariate analysis. The use of biological drugs combined with chemotherapy was related to the best overall survival prognosis. CONCLUSION: Metachronous colorectal hepatic metastasis was associated with a worse prognosis for overall survival. There was no difference in recurrence-free survival between metachronous and synchronous metastases.

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