scholarly journals Insights from a Pan India Sero-Epidemiological survey (Phenome-India Cohort) for SARS-CoV2

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Naushin ◽  
Viren Sardana ◽  
Rajat Ujjainiya ◽  
Nitin Bhatheja ◽  
Rintu Kutum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
P Value ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
B Blood Group ◽  
Group 1

To understand the spread of SARS-CoV2, in August and September 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India), conducted a sero-survey across its constituent laboratories and centers across India. Of 10,427 volunteers, 1058 (10.14%) tested positive for SARS CoV2 anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NC) antibodies; 95% of which had surrogate neutralization activity. Three-fourth of these recalled no symptoms. Repeat serology tests at 3 (n=607) and 6 (n=175) months showed stable anti-NC antibodies but declining neutralization activity. Local sero-positivity was higher in densely populated cities and was inversely correlated with a 30 day change in regional test positivity rates (TPR). Regional seropositivity above 10% was associated with declining TPR. Personal factors associated with higher odds of sero-positivity were high-exposure work (Odds Ratio, 95% CI, p value; 2∙23, 1∙92–2∙59, <0.0001), use of public transport (1∙79, 1∙43–2∙24, <0.0001), not smoking (1∙52, 1∙16–1∙99, 0∙0257), non-vegetarian diet (1∙67, 1∙41–1∙99, <0.0001), and B blood group (1∙36,1∙15-1∙61, 0∙001).

scholarly journals Association of azotemia with hypoglycemia in severe acute malnutrition how much concerning?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Syed Manazir Ali ◽  
Hari Shankar Meshram
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Predicting Factors

Background: Hypoglycemia is a known complication of SAM which is to be managed early to prevent morbidity and mortality. There is lack of literature regarding hypoglycemia and its associated factors in SAM children. This study aimed to evaluate predicting factors associated with hypoglycemia in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in NRC.Methods: In this case-control design, we compared clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with and without hypoglycemia taken from a population of 299 children with SAM admitted in NRC.Results: Prevalence of hypoglycemia in SAM was 14%. Amongst the association it was found that deranged creatinine (P value of 0.002, odds ratio 2.9, 95% C.I.1.48 - 5.97) and deranged urea (P value 0.0001, odds ratio 3.6, 95% C.I. 1.79 - 7.2) were statistically significant. Diarrhoea (P value 0.7, odds ratio 1.14, 95% C.I. 0.57 - 2.26), leucocytosis (P value 0.23, odds ratio 0.54, 95% C.I. 0.21 - 2.26), leucopenia ( P value 0.6, odds ratio 0.42, 95% C.I. 0.05 - 3.35) were found statistically insignificant.Conclusions: Azotemia in SAM was found significantly associated with hyponatremia. 

scholarly journals Factors associated with non-vaccination against measles among 12-23 months old children in Yirgachefe district of SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Habtamu Degife ◽  
Yoseph Worku ◽  
Muse Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Measles Vaccination

Abstract Immunization is an effective and proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening vaccine preventable infectious diseases. In Ethiopia 5% of childhood mortalities are due to measles. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles outbreaks secondary to non-vaccination are occurring in southern Ethiopia especially in Yirgachefe district. This study was done to assess the risk factors associated with non-vaccination against measles. A Community-based unmatched case control study was conducted in Yirgachefe district from December 1-31, 2016.Cases were children in the age group of 12- 23 months of age who did not take measles vaccination and controls were children in the same age group who took at least one dose of measles vaccine. The study was done in 6 randomly selected kebeles and cases and controls were selected randomly by probability proportional to size sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical significance was interpreted using Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P value <0.05.A total of 320 individuals (107 cases and 214 controls) were approached for interview with a response rate of 93.75%. Of the cases, 57% were males and more than half fall in the 12-18 months age group. Knowledge regarding measles vaccination was also asked and among cases 72% heard about measles, 26% knew that all children should be vaccinated, 31% had awareness about the right age of vaccination, 60% agrees that measles is vaccine preventable and 65% knew that it is contagious. In multivariable logistic regression, Lack of Ante Natal Care follow up(ANC) (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =3.57; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.22-10.44), lack of knowledge on the importance of vaccination, who should be vaccinated and if measles is contagious with an AOR and CI of (AOR=6.81; 95% CI: 1.56-29.64), (AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 1.83-10.04) and (AOR=8.97; 95%CI: 3.15-25.58) respectively were independent risk factors.Education and awareness about measles and its immunization should be given to the community. Additionally, ANC follow up should also be strengthened.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Measures on the Nutrition Plan Service Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Di Lorenzo ◽  
Silvia Mascolo ◽  
Antonio Romanelli
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Reduce Life Expectancy ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Objective: This study analyses the patients' factors can influence the attitude to follow or not the therapeutic weight-loss plan after national lockdown measures adopted from March 2020 to May 2020. Materials and Methods: Patients that visited a private nutritional center in March 2020 were included in this retrospective observational study. All relevant characteristics were noted. In May 2020, patients who did not attend the follow-up visit were labeled as "abandoned". Variation in Body Mass Index (BMI) was noted in the second visit. Univariate logistic regression was performed to test the influence on dependent variables (lost follow-up). Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated. According to BMI distribution, we performed a Student T-test (α= 0.05) or Wilcoxon test (α= 0.05) to test BMI variation in patients that attended the follow-up visit. A P-value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Our population consisted of 77 patients, and 26 patients (33.8%, CI95% 23.4-45.4%) were labelled as "abandoned". Age≥ 54 years old (OR= 8.9048, CI95%:1.888-41.9822, P-value= 0.0057) and suffering from hypertension (OR= 4.8706, CI95%:1.4284-16.6076, Pvalue= 0.0114) were factors associated with the abandon follow-up visits. Wilcoxon test for BMI variation resulted statistically significant (May BMI 29.5 kg/m2 vs March BMI 29.4 kg/m2 , Pvalue= 0.0094). Conclusion: Age and hypertension are related to the risk of abandoning healthcare services after ending the national lockdown. The losing follow-up phenomenon could worsen clinical conditions and reduce life expectancy. An increase in BMI during lockdown should be interpreted as a personal difficulty in complying with therapeutic prescriptions.

scholarly journals Factors associated with non-vaccination against measles among 12-23 months old children in Yirgachefe district of SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Habtamu Degife ◽  
Yoseph Worku ◽  
Muse Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Measles Vaccination

Abstract Immunization is an effective and proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening vaccine preventable infectious diseases. In Ethiopia 5% of childhood mortalities are due to measles. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles outbreaks secondary to non-vaccination are occurring in southern Ethiopia especially in Yirgachefe district. This study was done to assess the risk factors associated with non-vaccination against measles. A Community-based unmatched case control study was conducted in Yirgachefe district from December 1-31, 2016.Cases were children in the age group of 12- 23 months of age who did not take measles vaccination and controls were children in the same age group who took at least one dose of measles vaccine. The study was done in 6 randomly selected kebeles and cases and controls were selected randomly by probability proportional to size sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical significance was interpreted using Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P value <0.05.A total of 320 individuals (107 cases and 214 controls) were approached for interview with a response rate of 93.75%. Of the cases, 57% were males and more than half fall in the 12-18 months age group. Knowledge regarding measles vaccination was also asked and among cases 72% heard about measles, 26% knew that all children should be vaccinated, 31% had awareness about the right age of vaccination, 60% agrees that measles is vaccine preventable and 65% knew that it is contagious. In multivariable logistic regression, Lack of Ante Natal Care follow up(ANC) (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =3.57; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.22-10.44), lack of knowledge on the importance of vaccination, who should be vaccinated and if measles is contagious with an AOR and CI of (AOR=6.81; 95% CI: 1.56-29.64), (AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 1.83-10.04) and (AOR=8.97; 95%CI: 3.15-25.58) respectively were independent risk factors.Education and awareness about measles and its immunization should be given to the community. Additionally, ANC follow up should also be strengthened.

scholarly journals A study in a teritary centre for clinical assessment of pelvic inflammatory disease risk among women attending outpatient department

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3823
Author(s):  
Sowmya D. ◽  
Sowjanya D.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is associated with major medical and economic consequences for women of reproductive age. Identification of the risk factors associated with PID is crucial to efforts for prevention of these consequences. This study is done to evaluate the risk factors for PID in women attending OPD at Gangori hospital.Methods: This Study is an observational study, Conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangori hospital, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, From January 2015 to June 2015. Risk factors of PID were assessed in 70 women with PID (study group) and then it was compared with 70 controls attending the Women's Clinic at the same institution. Significance of difference in proportion in various variables of PID in both the group was inferred by odd’s ratio and Chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding variables.Results: A total of 70 women with PID and an equal number of controls were included. Cases were significantly younger than controls (p<0.001). The women were mainly of lower socioeconomic status. Risk factors identified by bivariate analysis were less than secondary level education, Odds ratio [OR] 5.29; (95% confidence interval: 1.680 to 16.675) P value 0.005. Parity >0, Odds ratio 2.521 (95% CI: 1.140 to 5.577) P value 0.033. Spontaneous abortion >0, Odds ratio 3.11 (95% CI: 1.311 to 7.362) P value 0.015. Lack of a birth control method, Odds ratio 7.18 (95% confidence interval: 3.091 to 16.662) p value<0.001. younger than 18 years at age of first sex, Odds ratio 2.84 (95% CI: 1.404 to 5.753) P value 0.006. Sex during the previous menses Odds ratio 5.39 (95% CI: 2.317 to 12.529) P value <0.001. Vaginal discharge/bleeding, Odds ratio 5.84 (confidence interval 2.717 to 12.578) P value <0.001. With multivariate analysis to control for confounders the risks still identified were sex during the previous menses, parity >0, lack of contraception, vaginal discharge and age at first sex.Conclusions: Identification of the risk factors associated with PID is most important effort for prevention of the disease and its sequelae. Educating the women, encouraging the use of condoms and other methods of contraception for PID prevention, sexually transmitted disease prevention and also birth control. Another finding is that, it is better to avoid coitus during the menses.

Hubungan Pengetahuan, Usia Dan Paritas Dengan Kejadian Komplikasi Kehamilan Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Iii Di Rumah Sakit Ibu Dan Anak Aisyiyah Samarinda

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Siti Komariah ◽  
Hary Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Latar Belakang:Komplikasi kehamilan adalah kegawat daruratan obstetrik yang dapat menyebabkan kematian pada ibu dan bayi. Penyebab komplikasi kehamilan diantaranya kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang deteksi dini kehamilannya, usia pasien < 20 tahun dan > 35 tahun serta anak lebih dari 3.Tujuan :Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, usia dan paritas dengan kejadian komplikasi kehamilan pada ibu hamil trimester III.Metode Penelitian:Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, sehingga sampel adalah ibu hamil trimester III yang berkunjung di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Aisyiyah Samarinda berjumlah 84 orang. Analisis yang digunakan uji chi square.Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik, terdapat usia berisiko antara < 20 tahun dan > 35 tahun, terdapat paritas berisiko > 3 orang anak dan komplikasi kehamilan berupa hipertensi, anemia, preeklempsia dan plasenta previa. Ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan kejadian komplikasi kehamilan (p value : 0,001 < α : 0,05 dan odds ratio : 6,800 > 1). Ada hubungan usia dengan kejadian komplikasi kehamilan (p value : 0,003 < α : 0,05 dan odds ratio : 5,837 > 1). Ada hubungan paritas dengan kejadian komplikasi kehamilan (p value : 0,002 < α : 0,05 dan odds ratio : 6,250 > 1).Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengetahuan kurang baik berjumlah 27 responden (32,1%), usia berisiko (< 20 tahun dan ≥ 35 tahun) berjumlah 25 responden (29,8%), paritas berisiko (1 atau ≥ 3 orang anak) berjumlah 21 responden (25%) dan ada komplikasi kehamilan berjumlah 18 responden (21,4%), Ada hubungan pengetahuan, usia dan paritas dengan kejadian komplikasi kehamilan pada ibu hamil trimester III di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Aisyiyah Samarinda.

Is there a relationship between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Erfan Ayubi ◽  
Saeid Bashirian ◽  
Ronak Hamzehei ◽  
Ensiyeh Jenabi
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Education ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression (PPD) is poorly understood and seldom studied. Objective: In an effort to explore this issue, the present study investigated the relationship between gestational diabetes and PPD. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed with 342 women who were referred to four urban health centers of Hamadan city, west of Iran. We used convenience sampling as a method to recruit women in each health center. We used a researcher-made checklist for gathering data on socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors of PPD. The Persian validated version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PPD. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]). Results: Gestational diabetes was identified as the most important risk factor for PPD with OR (95% CI) of 2.19 (1.11, 4.31); P-value=0.02 after adjusting for other variables. Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio showed that PPD among lesseducated women (primary school) was 3.5 times higher compared to women with a university education (OR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.27, 9.84; P-value=0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that PPD is more likely among women with gestational diabetes and those who were less educated. Interventional and educational activities for reducing the risk of PPD can be targeted for use with this population.

Demographic factors associated with missed follow-up among solid tumor patients treated at a large multi-site academic institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 2635-2643
Author(s):  
Samantha L Freije ◽  
Jordan A Holmes ◽  
Saleh Rachidi ◽  
Susannah G Ellsworth ◽  
Richard C Zellars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
African American Race

Aim: To identify demographic predictors of patients who miss oncology follow-up, considering that missed follow-up has not been well studies in cancer patients. Methods: Patients with solid tumors diagnosed from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed (n = 16,080). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine predictors of missed follow-up. Results: Our study revealed that 21.2% of patients missed ≥1 follow-up appointment. African–American race (odds ratio [OR] 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17–1.51), Medicaid insurance (OR 1.59; 1.36–1.87), no insurance (OR 1.66; 1.32–2.10) and rural residence (OR 1.78; 1.49–2.13) were associated with missed follow-up. Conclusion: Many cancer patients miss follow-up, and inadequate follow-up may influence cancer outcomes. Further research is needed on how to address disparities in follow-up care in high-risk patients.

scholarly journals P318 Left atrial dysfunction assessed by echocardiography in relation to left atrial fibrosis in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Pilichowska ◽  
J Baran ◽  
P Kulakowski ◽  
B Zaborska
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Left Atrial Dysfunction ◽  
Left Atrial Fibrosis ◽  
Group 1

Abstract PURPOSE Left atrial (LA) fibrosis is the hallmark of LA remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF), alters LA function and may predict poor catheter ablation (CA) outcome. LA fibrosis may be assessed invasively using electroanatomical mapping (EAM) during electrophysiological study. The aim was to assess LA function parameters in relation to degree of LA fibrosis derived from EAM in patients with AF. METHODS Patients (pts) n = 39 (79% males, mean age 56+/-10) with non-valvular AF were studied with TTE and TEE before first CA during sinus rhythm. LA strain (LAS) and strain rate (LASR) were analyzed in reservoir (r), conduit (cd) and contractile (ct) phases. The velocities of mitral A, E" and A" were measured with Doppler. E/E" and LA stiffness index - the ratio of E/E" to LASr were assessed. LA appendage flow velocity (LAAv) was measured in TEE. LA volume using biplane area-length method was calculated. The EAM of LA was build using Carto System before CA. Low amplitude potentials area (LAPA) was quantitatively analyzed and expressed as a percentage of LA surface using the cut-off &lt;0.5 mV to detect sites of fibrosis. LA parameters were compared between mild (LAPA &lt;10%) moderate (LAPA 10-40%) and extensive degree of LA fibrosis (LAPA &gt;40%) (table). RESULTS The mean LA volume was 35 ± 11 mL/m². The LAPA ranged from 2 to 78 % of LA surface. Reduced LA function was observed in the LAPA &gt;40% group. Extensive LAPA altered mainly LA compliance parameters. Traditional LA systolic function parameters did not differ in relation to degree of LAPA. CONCLUSION LA compliance is mostly affected by LA fibrosis, thus LA diastolic parameters may be useful in the noninvasive assessment of LA fibrosis. Whether these parameters should be a part of the proper selection of candidates for CA requires further studies. LA function parameters LA parameters Group 1 LAPA &lt;10% n = 13 Group 2 LAPA &gt;10% &lt;40% n = 13 Group 3 LAPA &gt;40% n = 13 P-value Group 1 + 2 vs 3 Mitral A 0.55 ± 0.10 0.55 ± 0.24 0.73 ± 0.32 0.077 A" 9.19 ± 1.74 7.85 ± 1.43 7.92 ± 2.40 0.376 LASr 31.48 ± 4.52 26.48 ± 8.79 19.63 ± 6.76 &lt;0.001 LAScd 17.30 ± 3.05 15.44 ± 6.93 10.91 ± 4.04 0.003 LASct 14.18 ± 5.36 11.05 ± 3.67 8.72 ± 4.78 0.024 LASRr 1.22 ± 0.19 1.24 ± 0.21 0.92 ± 0.20 &lt;0.001 LASRct -1.71 ± 0.46 -1.37 ± 0.34 -1.04 ± 0.33 &lt;0.001 LA stiffness 0.20 ± 0.07 0.34 ± 0.17 0.63 ± 0.29 &lt;0.001 LAAv 0.83 ± 0.18 0.55 ± 0.17 0.60 ± 0.16 0.178

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, Symptom Profiles and Sero-Neutralization in a Suburban Area, France

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Anne Gégout Petit ◽  
Hélène Jeulin ◽  
Karine Legrand ◽  
Nicolas Jay ◽  
Agathe Bochnakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
The World ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Total Immunoglobulin

The World Health Organisation recommends monitoring the circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We investigated anti–SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulin (IgT) antibody seroprevalence and in vitro sero-neutralization in Nancy, France, in spring 2020. Individuals were randomly sampled from electoral lists and invited with household members over 5 years old to be tested for anti–SARS-CoV-2 (IgT, i.e., IgA/IgG/IgM) antibodies by ELISA (Bio-rad); the sero-neutralization activity was evaluated on Vero CCL-81 cells. Among 2006 individuals, the raw seroprevalence was 2.1% (95% confidence interval 1.5 to 2.9), was highest for 20- to 34-year-old participants (4.7% (2.3 to 8.4)), within than out of socially deprived area (2.5% vs. 1%, p = 0.02) and with than without intra-family infection (p < 10−6). Moreover, 25% of participants presented at least one COVID-19 symptom associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity (p < 10−13), with highly discriminant anosmia or ageusia (odds ratio 27.8 [13.9 to 54.5]); 16.3% (6.8 to 30.7) of seropositive individuals were asymptomatic. Positive sero-neutralization was demonstrated in vitro for 31/43 seropositive subjects. Regarding the very low seroprevalence, a preventive effect of the lockdown in March 2020 can be assumed for the summer, but a second COVID-19 wave, as expected, could be subsequently observed in this poorly immunized population.

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