scholarly journals Screening of faba bean (Vicia fabaL.) accessions to acidity and aluminium stresses

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiflemariam Y. Belachew ◽  
Frederick L. Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Pot Experiments

BackgroundFaba bean is an important starch-based protein crop produced worldwide. Soil acidity and aluminium toxicity are major abiotic stresses affecting its production, so in regions where soil acidity is a problem, there is a gap between the potential and actual productivity of the crop. Hence, we set out to evaluate acidity and aluminium tolerance in a range of faba bean germplasm using solution culture and pot experiments.MethodsA set of 30 accessions was collected from regions where acidity and aluminium are or are not problems. The accessions were grown in solution culture and a subset of 10 was grown first in peat and later in perlite potting media. In solution culture, morphological parameters including taproot length, root regrowth and root tolerance index were measured, and in the pot experiments the key measurements were taproot length, plant biomass, chlorophyll concentration and stomatal conductance.ResultResponses to acidity and aluminium were apparently independent. Accessions Dosha and NC 58 were tolerant to both stress. Kassa and GLA 1103 were tolerant to acidity showing less than 3% reduction in taproot length. Aurora and Messay were tolerant to aluminium. Babylon was sensitive to both, with up to 40% reduction in taproot length from acidity and no detectable recovery from Al3+challenge.DiscussionThe apparent independence of the responses to acidity and aluminium is in agreement with the previous research findings, suggesting that crop accessions separately adapt to H+and Al3+toxicity as a result of the difference in the nature of soil parent materials where the accession originated. Differences in rankings between experiments were minor and attributable to heterogeneity of seed materials and the specific responses of accessions to the rooting media. Use of perlite as a potting medium offers an ideal combination of throughput, inertness of support medium, access to leaves for detection of their stress responses, and harvest of clean roots for evaluation of their growth.

Soil acidity and growth of a legume. II. Reactions of aluminium and phosphate in solution and effects of alumminium, phosphate, calcium, and pH on Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium subterraneum, in solution culture

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
DN Munns
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phosphate Supply ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Lucerne (M. sativa L.) grew as well in solutions maintained at pH 4 as at pH 5, and its growth at pH 4 was little affected by calcium concentrations above 5 mM when aluminium was not added (< 0. l µM). Phosphate concentrations above l µM were adequate for growth if maintained, and if phosphate was kept below 5 0 µM at pH 4 or below 10 µM at pH 4.5, then aluminium concentrations of the order of 100 µM could be maintained without evident reaction between aluminium and phosphate in solution. Under these conditions, uncomplicated by precipitation or phosphate deficiency in the nutrient solution, aluminium toxicity depressed yields, root elongation, and calcium and phosphate concentrations in shoots and roots, and it made the shoots look phosphate-deficient ; but it could not be remedied by increasing phosphate supply even when this restored plant phosphate to high levels. Only where addition of phosphate caused aluminium to precipitate in the solution did it alleviate the toxicity. Increasing the calcium concentration from 1 mM to 5 mM slightly alleviated the effects of aluminium, except at highly toxic concentrations. T. subterraneum took up more aluminium than lucerne, but tolerated aluminium in the medium better. Adding ethylenediaminetetra-acetate to solutions containing 200 µM aluminium concentrations improved the growth of both species to the extent that concentrations of free aluminium were reduced by chelation.

Screening of Dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) genotypes for aluminium tolerance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Talha Ansari ◽  
A. K. Pandey ◽  
A. S. Mailappa ◽  
Siddhartha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Pod Length

The present investigation was carried out to screen the dolichos bean genotypes for aluminium tolerance. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors (20 genotypes with four aluminium concentration of 0, 15, 30, 45 mg of Al/kg soil) with three replications. Main effect and interaction effects were studied for vine length, root length, root tolerance index, root dry matter, shoot dry matter, leaf dry matter, total dry matter and extractable aluminium in soil at 4th week after sowing whereas the pod weight, pod length and yield were observed at harvesting stage. The genotypes and aluminium treatment showed significant difference for all the studied parameters. The interaction effect was also found to be significant for all the characters except for vine length. From the present study it was concluded that genotypes Pusa Sem 3, G2 and G4 were tolerant to aluminium toxicity upto 45 mg Al/kg as well as high yielding.

Soil acidity and growth of a legume. III. Interaction of lime and phosphate on growth of Medicgo sativa L. in relation to aluminium toxicity and phosphate fixation

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
DN Munns
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Concentrations ◽  
Phosphate Fixation

On some acid sandy loam soils, lucerne required large additions of phosphate to grow normally unless lime was also applied. Plant symptoms, and analyses of plants, soil solutions, and 0.01M calcium chloride extracts, supported the hypothesis that, in the unlimed soils, additions of phosphate overcame aluminium toxicity as well as phosphorus deficiency. Both lime and large additions of phosphate lowered the concentrations of aluminium in the soil solutions and in the plants. Lime did not significantly affect either the equilibrium concentrations or the rates of release of phosphate in the soils. Yet at rates of phosphate adequate in the presence of lime, plants without lime looked phosphate-deficient, grew poorly, and usually contained deficient concentrations of phosphorus. The principal effects were consistent with effects of aluminium and phosphate in solution culture at the same concentrations as those observed in the soils. Aluminium toxicity was associated with 10 to 100 µM concentrations of aluminium in the soil solution and 3 to 10 µg atoms/g dry weight in the plant tops. Phosphorus deficiency was associated with phosphate concentrations of the order of 1µM or less in the soil solutions and 100 µg atoms/g or less in the plant tops.

scholarly journals Exogenous Auxin-Mediated Salt Stress Alleviation in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽  
Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Mohammad Saidur Rhaman
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Auxin not only controls the development processes, but also regulates the stress responses of plants. In this investigation, we explored the potential roles of exogenously applied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in conferring salt tolerance in the faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Our results showed that foliar application of IAA (200 ppm) to salt-exposed (60 mM and 150 mM NaCl) plants promoted growth, which was evidenced by enhanced root–stem traits. IAA application ensured better osmotic protection in salt-stressed plants which was supported by reduced proline and enhanced soluble sugar, soluble protein, and total free amino acid contents in the roots, stem, and seeds. IAA application also increased the number of nodules in salt-stressed plants, which may facilitate better nitrogen assimilation. Moreover, IAA mediated improvements in mineral homeostasis (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and the translocation of Na+, while it also inhibited excessive accumulation of Na+ in the roots. Salt-induced oxidative damage resulted in increased accumulation of malondialdehyde, whereas IAA spraying relegated malondialdehyde by improving antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Together, these results together with a principal component analysis uncovered that foliar spraying of IAA alleviated the antagonistic effects of salt stress via enhancing osmolyte accumulation, ionic homeostasis, and antioxidant activity. Finally, exogenous IAA enhanced the yield of broad beans under high salinity conditions.

scholarly journals Organic Materials and Their Chemically Extracted Humic and Fulvic Acids as Potential Soil Amendments for Faba Bean Cultivation in Soils with Varying CaCO3 Contents

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Ihab M. Farid ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Ghozoli ◽  
Mohamed H. H. Abbas ◽  
Dalia S. El-Atrony ◽  
Hassan H. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Factor C

Organic amendments are important sources of nutrients that release upon organic matter degradation, yet the stability of these organics in arid and semi-arid regions is relatively low. In contrast, humic substances (HS) are resistant to biodegradation and can keep nutrients in the soil available for the plant over a long time. Combinations between humic substances (HS) and mineral-N fertilizers are assumed to retain higher available nutrients in soils than those recorded for the sole application of either mineral or organic applications. We anticipate, however, that humic substances might not be as efficient as the organics from which they were extracted in increasing NP uptake by plants. To test these assumptions, faba bean was planted in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions following a complete randomized design while considering three factors: two soils (calcareous and non-calcareous, Factor A), two organics (biogas and compost, Factor B) and combinations of the organics and their extracts (HA or FA) together with complementary doses of mineral-N ((NH4)2SO4) to attain a total rate of 50 kg N ha−1 (the recommended dose for faba bean plants) (Factor C). Results indicated that nitrogenase activity increased significantly due to the application of the used organics. In this respect, compost manure caused higher nitrogenase activity than biogas manure did. Humic substances raised NP-availability and the uptake by plants significantly; however, the values of increase were lower than those that occurred due to the compost or biogas manure. Moreover, the sole application of the used organics recorded the highest increases in plant biomass. Significant correlations were also detected between NP-availability, uptake and plant biomass. This means that HS could probably retain nutrients in available forms for long time periods, yet nutrients released continuously but slowly upon decomposition of organics seemed more important for plant nutrition.

scholarly journals Seribiodiversity and their Role in Sustainable Development in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay ◽  
Ashmita Ghosh ◽  
Mrinal Ray
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Fe Toxicity

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive signaling molecule in plants which modulates a variety of physiological processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, the effects of exogenous NO supplied as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in wheat seedlings under ironinduced oxidative damage was investigated. An appropriate concentration of NO was determined by conducting a preliminary experiment. In solution culture, wheat seeds were grown in the control (100 μM Fe), and toxic Fe (400 μM Fe) levels and the toxic Fe supply was treated with various levels of (50, 100, 200 and 500 μM) sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The results indicated that 400 μM Fe significantly decreased percentage germination, tolerance index, root lengths as well as fresh and dry weight compared to control. Exogenous SNP attenuated the inhibition of wheat seed germination. The promoting effect was most pronounced at 100 μM SNP. The accumulated concentration of iron and active Fe was significantly decreased by SNP treated Fe toxic seedlings. Toxicity of Fe caused oxidative stress by elevating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents in roots of wheat seedlings. One hundred μM SNP counteracted Fe toxicity by reducing the H2O2, MDA and proline contents of toxic Fe exposed seedlings. Meanwhile, application of SNP markedly reduced the activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), non protein thiols (NPT) and of glutathione reductase (GR) and increased ascorbate (ASc) compared with Fe toxic treatment alone, thereby indicating the modulation of the antioxidative capacity in the root under Fe stress by NO. The results indicated that the exogenous application of SNP, improved the antioxidant enzymes activity of wheat seedlings against Fe induced oxidative stress.

Evaluation of solution culture techniques for studying aluminium toxicity in plants

1991 ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. C. Blamey ◽  
D. C. Edmeades ◽  
C. J. Asher ◽  
D. G. Edwards ◽  
D. M. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Culture Techniques

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Some Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Durum Wheat Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5610
Author(s):  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Lia Shooshtari ◽  
Neda Maleki-Tabrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Durum wheat performance in the Mediterranean climate is limited when water scarcity occurs before and during anthesis. The present research was performed to determine the effect of drought stress on several physiological and agro-morphological traits in 17 durum wheat genotypes under two conditions (control and drought) over two years. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the various durum wheat genotypes responded differently to drought stress. Drought stress significantly reduced the grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, number of spikes per plot, number of grains per spike, thousand grains weight, grain yield, biomass, and harvest index in all genotypes compared to the control condition. The heatmap-based correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with phenological characters (days to heading, days to physiological maturity, and grain filling period), as well as number of spikes per plant, biomass, and harvest index under drought conditions. The yield-based drought and susceptible indices revealed that stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), and harmonic mean (HM) were positively and significantly correlated with grain yields in both conditions. Based on the average of the sum of ranks across all indices and a three-dimensional plot, two genotypes (G9 and G12) along with the control variety (G1) were identified as the most tolerant genotypes. Among the investigated genotypes, the new breeding genotype G12 showed a high drought tolerance and yield performance under both conditions. Hence, this genotype can be a candidate for further multi-years and locations test as recommended for cultivation under rainfed conditions in arid and semi-arid regions.

Nitrogen form affects physiological responses and root expansigenous honeycomb aerenchyma in the emergent macrophyte Acorus americanus

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Alejandra Equiza ◽  
Janusz J. Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Root Porosity ◽  
N Form ◽  
Acorus Americanus

High nitrogen (N) concentrations and high NH4+:NO3− ratios that are characteristic of heavily eutrophic and constructed wetlands may be detrimental to the growth and establishment of macrophytes in wetlands formed in the oil sands reclamation areas. This study investigates the effects of N form on the physiology, growth, and root expansigenous honeycomb aerenchyma structure of Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf., an important macrophyte targeted for wetland reclamation in Canada. Three populations of A. americanus were grown in aerated solution culture and provided for up to 3 months with two different concentrations of N (2 mmol·L−1, 8 mmol·L−1) as NH4+, NO3−, or NH4+ + NO3−. Fresh mass and physiological parameters including gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal traits, nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration, root morphology, and aerenchyma structure were examined. The effects of N form were concentration-dependent. At 2 mmol·L−1 N, NH4+ + NO3− plants had higher fresh mass, photosynthetic rates, number of first-order roots, root diameter, and maximum root length than those provided solely with NH4+ or NO3−. At 8 mmol·L−1 N, both NH4+ and NH4+ + NO3− treatments had a negative impact on growth, net photosynthesis, and chlorophyll concentrations, and they also led to thinner and shorter roots with necrotic tips, a significant reduction in fractional root porosity, and a denser aerenchyma with smaller lacunae. The results indicate that high levels of NH4+-N may negatively affect the establishment of A. americanus plants in constructed wetlands through its impact on growth, net photosynthesis, and root morpho-anatomy.

scholarly journals Breeding for abiotic stresses for sustainable agriculture

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1492) ◽  
pp. 703-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R Witcombe ◽  
P.A Hollington ◽  
C.J Howarth ◽  
S Reader ◽  
K.A Steele
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Good Potential

Using cereal crops as examples, we review the breeding for tolerance to the abiotic stresses of low nitrogen, drought, salinity and aluminium toxicity. All are already important abiotic stress factors that cause large and widespread yield reductions. Drought will increase in importance with climate change, the area of irrigated land that is salinized continues to increase, and the cost of inorganic N is set to rise. There is good potential for directly breeding for adaptation to low N while retaining an ability to respond to high N conditions. Breeding for drought and salinity tolerance have proven to be difficult, and the complex mechanisms of tolerance are reviewed. Marker-assisted selection for component traits of drought in rice and pearl millet and salinity tolerance in wheat has produced some positive results and the pyramiding of stable quantitative trait locuses controlling component traits may provide a solution. New genomic technologies promise to make progress for breeding tolerance to these two stresses through a more fundamental understanding of underlying processes and identification of the genes responsible. In wheat, there is a great potential of breeding genetic resistance for salinity and aluminium tolerance through the contributions of wild relatives.

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