scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO EVALUATE CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF JINGINI LANNEA COROMANDELICA MERR (HOUTT): AN IN VIVO STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Rachana K L ◽  
Giri K G Prashanth ◽  
Manjunatha P Mudagal ◽  
Seema Pradeep ◽  
Yashaswini B K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Lannea Coromandelica

Jingini - Lannea coromandelica Merr. (Houtt) is mentioned in Bhava Prakasha Nighantu and Bhavamishra advocates JINGINI for Hridroga. An experimental study was designed with a Model - Isoproterenol (ISO) Induced Cardiac toxicity in order to prove the efficacy of JINGINI for its Cardioprotective activity. Animals were administered with Aqueous and Methanolic extract of JINIGINI in higher and lower dose. The Acute toxicity studies were conducted up to 5000 mg/kg body weight in accordance with OECD 425 guidelines. The higher dose calculated from 1/5th of 5000 mg/kg body weight which summed up to 1000 mg/kg body weight and lower dose calculated from 1/10th of 5000 mg/kg body weight was concluded as 500 mg/kg body weight. The Methanolic extract of JINGINI in Higher and Lower dose (1000 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg /kg body weight respectively) was found to be efficacious in providing the Cardio-protective action in SD Rats.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) in SD Rats and in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes Models

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Jung-Yun Lee ◽  
Tae Yang Kim ◽  
Hanna Kang ◽  
Jungbae Oh ◽  
Joo Woong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Adipogenic Gene

Excess body weight is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated metabolic complications, and weight loss has been shown to improve glycemic control and decrease morbidity and mortality in T2D patients. Weight-loss strategies using dietary interventions produce a significant decrease in diabetes-related metabolic disturbance. We have previously reported that the supplementation of low molecular chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly inhibited blood glucose levels in both animals and humans. However, the effect of GO2KA1 on obesity still remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of GO2KA1 on lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression using 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro and plasma lipid profiles using a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated to differentiate under the adipogenic stimulation in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of GO2KA1. Adipocyte differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining of lipids and the expression of adipogenic gene expression. Compared to control group, the cells treated with GO2KA1 significantly decreased in intracellular lipid accumulation with concomitant decreases in the expression of key transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBP/α). Consistently, the mRNA expression of downstream adipogenic target genes such as fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group. In vivo, male SD rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induced obesity, followed by oral administration of GO2KA1 at 0.1 g/kg/body weight or vehicle control in HFD. We assessed body weight, food intake, plasma lipids, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) for liver function, and serum level of adiponectin, a marker for obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome. Compared to control group GO2KA1 significantly suppressed body weight gain (185.8 ± 8.8 g vs. 211.6 ± 20.1 g, p < 0.05) with no significant difference in food intake. The serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group, whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was higher in the GO2KA1 group. The GO2KA1-treated group also showed a significant reduction in ALT and AST levels compared to the control. Moreover, serum adiponectin levels were significantly 1.5-folder higher than the control group. These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that dietary supplementation of GO2KA1 may prevent diet-induced weight gain and the anti-obesity effect is mediated in part by inhibiting adipogenesis and increasing adiponectin level.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Antidiarrheal Activities of Leaf of Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Md Rahatullah Razan ◽  
Muhammed Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Faiza Tahia ◽  
Md Khalid Hossain ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice

The methanol extract of leaf of Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don exhibited in vivo peripheral analgesic and antidiarrheal activities in Swiss Albino mice. In the peripheral analgesic activity assay, the methanolic extract showed 50.00 ± 8.57% and 70.25 ± 1.18% inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. In addition, the extract also revealed a dose dependant inhibition of castor oil- induced diarrhea with 43.77 ± 3.13% and 56.23 ± 6.49% inhibition of feces at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectivelyBangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(2): 215-218, 2016

Antioxidant and Analgesic Activity of Acer laevigatum Wall, a Traditional Mizo-tribe Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5200-5207
Author(s):  
Andrew Lalthasanga Ralte ◽  
Phaibiang Lapasam ◽  
Freddy Teilang Nongkhlaw ◽  
Pdiangmon Kyndait ◽  
Zothanpuia
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
External Application ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Acer laevigatum is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 10–15 m or more, with a trunk up to 50 cm diameter belonging to the family Sapindaceae. In Mizoram, the decoction of the leaves is used as an external application in sprains. Extraction was carried out by drying the leaves and barks and extracted by using methanol as solvent using the Soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out by methanolic extract of both leaves and barks to determine the chemical constituents present in the plant using a different phytochemical test, acute toxicity for leave and bark extract, in-vitro antioxidant activity and in-vivo analgesic activity of barks extract. Phytochemical screening was performed for both extract and it contains glycoside, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, and steroid. The antioxidant activity test of the methanolic extract of bark extract was performed successfully. In acute toxicity, the LD50 was found that for more than 2000 mg/kg body weight was safe for further uses. The total phenolic content of the bark extract contains 493 ± 0.23 mg of GAE/g and the total flavonoids content of the bark extract was 220 ± 0.034 mg of QE/g. The IC50 value of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was found to be 86.1211 µg/ml and nitric oxide was 75.9 µg/ml. Whereas, in reducing power it was found that the percentage inhibition was increased with an increase in concentration (increase in concen-tration, percentage inhibition was also increased) and reduced Fe3+ (ferricyanide complex) to Fe2+ (ferrous form). Finally, for in-vivo analgesic activity, 4000 mg/kg was more effective than 2000 mg/kg of the bark extract. These results confirm that the methanolic extract of bark of Acer laevigatum possesses antioxidant activity and non-significant or less analgesic activity.

Evaluation of Acute, Subacute and LD50 values of Methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus leaves in Albino mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 2487-2492
Author(s):  
Gajendra Pratap Choudhary ◽  
Ashutosh Pal Jain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
System Response ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Sphaeranthus Indicus ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Sphaeranthus indicus is one of the extremely precious herbs in the Indigenous System of Medicine. The present study was carried out to acute, subacute and LD50 values of methanolic extract of S. indicus leaves in Swiss mice of both sexes. The acute toxicity studies were conducted oral administration of 1.75, 5.5, 17.5, 55, 175, 550, 2000mg/kg body weight SIME used. Observations were recorded systemically up to 24 h after dose administration for behavior related to nervous system response or autonomic functions. Food and water intake, body weight variations, hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed. In sub acute toxicity treatment there were no significant variation in the body weights and haematological parameters except dose-dependent increase in lymphocyte count was noted in both sexes supported immunostimulant activity. Pathologically, significant protective effect on hepatic, renal functions and decreased cholesterol, triglyceride levels. The results did not show any treatment related abnormalities in terms of hematological and biochemical parameters in sub-acute toxicity. After acute administration, no mortality was recorded in mice treated with the SIME orally at a dose of 1000mg/kg. The LD50 values were determined using graphical method; we found a broad therapeutic window and a high therapeutic index value showed that the LD50 of the extract is 2480mg/kg. The results suggest that the plant seems to be high margin of drug safety in mice.

scholarly journals The In vivo Effects of Caffeine on the Hypoglycemic Activity of Gliclazide and Metformin in Healthy Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mohiuddin ◽  
Md Shah Amran ◽  
Md Amjad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Metformin Hcl

An in vivo study has been conducted to observe the effects of caffeine on the hypoglycemic activity ofgliclazide and metformin HCI in rats. For this, healthy rats weighing about 250±25 g were used and the blood sugarlevels were measured after administration of a drug alone and in combination. Diabetes was induced in rats byadministration of alloxan at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight. Drugs were administered in rats and were observed forfour weeks. The blood sugar levels were estimated in two stages; firstly, after two week and secondly, after four weekof administration of drug. It was found that the hypoglycemic activities of both gliclazide and metformin HCl werepotentiated by concurrent application of caffeine and either of the drugs, but the extent of potentiation was more incase of metformin HCI as evident from the blood sugar level of rats.Key words: Caffeine; Gliclazide; Metformin; Diabetes; Alloxan; Blood sugar; Rats.DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v8i1.5335Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 8(1): 47-51, 2009 (June)

THE IN VIVO INVESTIGATION OF Fe3O4-NANOPARTICLES ACUTE TOXICITY IN MICE

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhua Zhao ◽  
Xinli Lin ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Lei Sun ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Different Doses

To observe acute toxicity of naked Fe3O4 -nanoparticles in mice, ICR mice were selected and exposed once to naked Fe3O4 -nanoparticles by tail intravenous injection with different doses, i.e. 0, 102.4, 128, 160, 200, 250 mg/kg of body weight. 15 days later, Fe3O4 distribution and pathologic changes in main organs were investigated. By tail intravenous injection, LD50 of naked Fe3O4 -nanoparticles in mice was 163.60 mg/kg of body weight (147.58, 181.37 mg/kg of body weight, 95% confidence interval). Deaths of mice mainly caused by decompensation and twitching were observed. Immediately after injection, nanoparticles performed fast distribution in lung, liver, spleen etc, yet little were traced in brain, heart and kidney. 15 days after injection, apparent decline of nanoparticles content in lung and spleen was observed, whereas in liver the content rose. Pathologic detection indicated local particle denaturation and necrosis in the cardiac tissue. Protein cast was seen in several kidney tubules, and extravasated blood in carunculae papillaris, yet no pathologic changes were observed in other organs. LD50 of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (9 nm) by means of tail intravenous injection is 163.60 mg/kg, and they mainly distributed in liver, spleen, lung and caused denaturation and necrosis in the cardiac muscle and malfunction of kidney. Also, the process of excreting the particles takes a long time.

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