Evaluation of Acute, Subacute and LD50 values of Methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus leaves in Albino mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 2487-2492
Author(s):  
Gajendra Pratap Choudhary ◽  
Ashutosh Pal Jain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
System Response ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Sphaeranthus Indicus ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Sphaeranthus indicus is one of the extremely precious herbs in the Indigenous System of Medicine. The present study was carried out to acute, subacute and LD50 values of methanolic extract of S. indicus leaves in Swiss mice of both sexes. The acute toxicity studies were conducted oral administration of 1.75, 5.5, 17.5, 55, 175, 550, 2000mg/kg body weight SIME used. Observations were recorded systemically up to 24 h after dose administration for behavior related to nervous system response or autonomic functions. Food and water intake, body weight variations, hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed. In sub acute toxicity treatment there were no significant variation in the body weights and haematological parameters except dose-dependent increase in lymphocyte count was noted in both sexes supported immunostimulant activity. Pathologically, significant protective effect on hepatic, renal functions and decreased cholesterol, triglyceride levels. The results did not show any treatment related abnormalities in terms of hematological and biochemical parameters in sub-acute toxicity. After acute administration, no mortality was recorded in mice treated with the SIME orally at a dose of 1000mg/kg. The LD50 values were determined using graphical method; we found a broad therapeutic window and a high therapeutic index value showed that the LD50 of the extract is 2480mg/kg. The results suggest that the plant seems to be high margin of drug safety in mice.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity and Acute and Repeated-Dose Toxicity Study of Geranyl Cinnamate Ester in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Micheli Zanetti ◽  
Mikaela Scatolin ◽  
Amanda Rebonatto Oltramari ◽  
Maria Luiza Lima da Costa Lopes ◽  
Rubieli Carla Frezza Zeferino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Repeated Dose Toxicity ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

In the present study, the antifungal activity and toxicity of the geranyl cinnamate ester (GCE) were investigated. The GCE showed antifungal activity at a minimum concentration of 0.16 μL/mL against Candida albicans and at concentrations greater than 2.5 μL/mL against Aspergillus niger. In acute toxicity studies, the administration of GCE (2.000 mg/kg) affected the body weight gain and food intake but did not induce the mortality of the animals studied. After the investigation of repeated-dose toxicity of GCE at 2 and 4 mg/kg, the hematological and biochemical parameters were changed. In addition, the adrenal weight of male mice treated with GCE at 4 mg/kg was affected. In conclusion, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) acute toxicity parameters, the geranyl cinnamate ester can be classified into safety category number 5. The results of this study suggested that the geranyl cinnamate ester may be a source of natural antifungals.

scholarly journals TOCOSH FLOUR (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Toxicological Assessment of Traditional Peruvian Fermented Potatoes

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Jonas Roberto Velasco-Chong ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderón ◽  
Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas ◽  
Renán Dilton Hañari-Quispe ◽  
Linder Figueroa-Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Potato tocosh is a naturally processed potato for nutritional and curative purposes from traditional Peruvian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of tocosh flour (TF). For sub-acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to rats daily once a day for 28 days at doses of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW). Animals were observed for general behaviors, mortality, body weight variations, and histological analysis. At the end of treatment, relative organ weights, histopathology, hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. For acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to mice at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW at a single dose in both sexes. Body weight, mortality, and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after treatment. The results of acute toxicity showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) value of TF is higher than 2000 g/kg BW but less than 5000 mg/Kg BW in mice. Death and toxicological symptoms were not found during the treatment. For sub-acute toxicity, we found that no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of TF in rats up to 1000 g/kg BW. There were statistically significant differences in body weight, and relative organ weight in the stomach and brain. No differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed when compared with the control group. For sub-acute toxicity, histopathological studies revealed minor abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues at doses of 5000 mg/Kg. Based on these results, TF is a traditional Peruvian medicine with high safety at up to 1000 mg/kg BW for 28 days in rats.

scholarly journals Effect of prolonged vigabatrin treatment on hematological and biochemical parameters in plasma, liver and kidney of Swiss albino mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Al-Shabanah OA ◽  
El-Hadiyah TM ◽  
Al-Majed AA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

We have evaluated vigabatrin (γ-vinyl γ-aminobutyric acid), an irreversible inhibitor of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-transaminase responsible for GABA degradation, for its effects on food consumption, body weight changes, fluid intake, changes in hematological and biochemical parameters in plasma liver and kidney of Swiss albino mice. Mice received vigabatrin 0.26% wlv chronically in drinking water for 7, 14 and 21 days. Changes in all the parameters were recorded aRer 7, 14 and 21 days respectively in different groups. Food consumption was comparable to the control group with minor fluctuations. The body weight declined significantly but only after 3-week treatment with no appreciable change in organ indices or relative organ indices. There were essentially no adverse effects on hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, HGB, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and basophils) with this treatment. However, there was a decrease in monocyte counts during the first week and an increase in the neutrophil counts during the third week of vigabatrin treatment. In one part plasma biochemical parameters like AST, ALT, CK-MB, creatinine, glucose and urea were also assessed with the same dose regimen. It was observed that only CK-MB and GPT activity levels were altered slightly significantly and are thought to be a result of cross enzyme inhibitions. In this experiment it was observed that lipid peroxide levels measured, as malondialdehyde did not change appreciably in both liver and kidney tissues. However, the levels of glutathione (non-protein sulfhydryl; GSH) declined significantly in comparison to control in liver and kidney. A comparison of level of GSH in liver and kidney shows that this depletion was at early time points in the former. The depletion of GSH suggests the possible involvement of GSH in detoxification process and corroborates its role in protection.

scholarly journals Antidepressant and Sedative-hypnotic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Grewia asiatica Linn. Leaves in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Rasna Jebin ◽  
Md Islam Molla ◽  
Surid Mohammad Chowdhury ◽  
Md Rajdoula Rafe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Hypnotic Activity

Grewia asiatica (Family-Malvaceae), known as Phalsa in Bangladesh, is also native to India, Nepal, Pakistan, Cambodia and Thailand. The plant has a long history of traditional uses. The present investigation was designed to evaluate acute toxicity test, antidepressant and sedative-hypnotic activities of the methanolic extract of the leaves of G. asiatica. In acute toxicity test, methanolic soluble fraction of the plant extract of G. asiatica showed no significant changes in the body weight between the control and treated group at the doses of 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg body weight. The extract could not significantly reduce immobility time in comparison with control group and standard drug (Nortriptyline) treated group in forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Sedative-hypnotic activity was evident at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight after observing in hole board test. Sedative-hypnotic activity of short duration of action was also evident in hole cross and open field test. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(2): 185-191, 2019

scholarly journals The effect of a formulation based on maduramycin and nicarbazine on rats and broiler chickens in a subacute experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Roman Dotsenko ◽  
Maryna Romanko ◽  
Yevheniia Vashchyk ◽  
Andriy Zakhariev ◽  
Andrii Zemlianskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The aim: to determine the effect of a preparative form of an antiemeric agent based on maduramycin and nicarbazine on the body of white rats and broiler chickens under the conditions of a subacute experiment. Materials and methods. The formulation based on maduramycin and nicarbazine was administered to rats and broiler chickens with feed for 28 days. One control and three experimental groups were formed for the experiment: Group I – animals received a complete diet without admixture of the formulation (control group), Group II – animals that were administered the formulation (by the amount of active substances) at a dose of 5.0 mg / kg, III – 25.0 mg / kg and IV – 50.0 mg / kg of feed, respectively. In order to establish the toxic effect of the formulation on the body of experimental birds on 7, 14, 28 days of the experiment and 7 days after discontinuation of the formulation, 5 heads from each group were killed under light ether anesthesia, blood samples were taken for hematological and biochemical studies. Results. During the study of the general clinical condition of rats and broiler chickens of the experimental groups, no significant changes in behavior and appearance were detected, compared with the control. Hematological parameters of broiler chickens it was found that the receipt of the formulation with feed at doses of 5, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight, causes a decrease in hemoglobin and an increase in hematocrit in broiler chickens on day 7 of the experiment. It was found that the changes are reversible, on the 28th day of the experiment the value of these indicators was within the physiological norm. In the study of hematological and biochemical parameters of rats, it was found that the receipt of the formulation with food in doses of 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg for 28 days, causes a decrease in hemoglobin and increase hematocrit, total protein, albumin, creatinine and urea in male rats on the 7th day of the experiment. Conclusions. Under conditions of repeated oral administration of the preparation mixture to rats and poultry at doses of 5, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight in the absence of clinical signs of poisoning, insignificant fluctuations in hematological and biochemical parameters were identified

scholarly journals Anti-arthritic Evaluation of Different Extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. in FCA Induced Arthritis In Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Parmar ◽  
Neetesh Kumar Jain ◽  
Vivek Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa

The main aim of study is to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of different extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa in arthritic rats. Different extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction methods by using the various polar and non polar solvents and their % yields were calculated. Arthritis was induced by FCA induced arthritis model in rats and paw volume was measured on different days. Body weights of all animals were also measured simultaneously and at the end of experiment some haematological parameters were measured. On preliminary phytochemical studies extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, fatty acids, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Among all extracts, methanolic extract significantly decreased the paw volume in all treated groups. Methanolic extracts also restored the body weight significantly. The results of our study revealed that all the extracts treated group’s causes significant alterations in the hematological parameters and maximal effects were observed at 400 mg/kg. Since methanolic extract showed best activity in arthritic model and its phytochemical study showed presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, so it may be possible that anti-arthritic activity of root extracts may be due to presence flavonoids.  Keywords: Arthritis, FCA induced arthritis, Boerhaavia diffusa, haematological parameters, and Body weight

scholarly journals ANTICANCER EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA ON MAMMARY CARCINOMA IN RATS WITH REFERENCE TO GLYCOPROTEIN COMPONENTS, LYSOSOMAL, AND MARKER ENZYMES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Nandhakumar Elumalai ◽  
Indumathi Parameswaran ◽  
Sachidanandam T Panchanatham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Anticancer Effect

  Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the anticancer potential of Annona squamosa (AS) against 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in rats.Methods: The tumor was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by gastric intubation of 25 mg DMBA in 1 ml olive oil. After 3 months of induction period, the methanolic extract of AS at different doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg body weight were administered orally a dose per day to mammary carcinoma-bearing rats for 45 days. The serum and tissue levels of glycoprotein components as well as the activities of marker enzymes and lysosomal enzymes were measured in DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma-bearing rats.Results: Administration of AS resulted in decrease in the levels of marker and lysosomal enzymes and also alterations in the body weight and tumor volume were also restored to near normalcy in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the present study indicate that AS has anticancer effect and it exhibits its potential effect at the dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight in mammary carcinoma-bearing rats.Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the methanol extract of AS possesses anticancer properties. Further study is needed to isolate the active principle of this extract responsible for anticancer activity to develop the future pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein intake on the body composition and metabolic parameters of neutered dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Mayumi Kawauchi ◽  
Juliana Toloi Jeremias ◽  
Paula Takeara ◽  
Danilo Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Time Interaction

AbstractNeutering is a common veterinary recommendation and is often associated with obesity development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of two different amounts of protein intake by neutered dogs regarding maintenance energy requirement (MER), body composition, and biochemical and hormonal parameters. A total of fourteen healthy adult dogs were fed either a diet containing 59·7 g protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) (P60) or a diet with 94·0 g protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) (P94) for 26 weeks after neutering to maintain their body weight prior to neutering. A mixed model was fitted to verify diet, time and diet × time interaction effects on biochemical parameters, serum concentrations of insulin, glucagon, leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). MER and the body composition data were evaluated within diets (paired t test) and within times (unpaired t test). A time effect was found for fructosamine, TAG, total lipids and IGF-1 serum concentrations. The diet × time interaction was significant for glucagon (P < 0·05). No differences between diets in the MER within each time were found. However, there was a reduction in the MER of dogs fed the P60 diet 26 weeks after neutering (P = 0·042). The fat body mass of dogs fed the P60 diet increased (P < 0·05) after neutering, even without a body-weight change. Some of the biochemical parameters changed over time, but all remained within the normal range. For the period evaluated in the present study, a diet with 94·0 g of protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) metabolisable energy seems to be a beneficial nutritional strategy to maintain the MER and the body composition of dogs after neutering.

scholarly journals Hematological, parasitological and biochemical parameters in sheep during the peripartum period

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Caroline M G David ◽  
Ricardo LD Costa ◽  
Guadalupe A E Parren ◽  
Miguel A S Rua ◽  
Ellen C P Nordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Physiological Variations

Background: Pregnancy in all animal species requires special care and attention. During this period there is great variation in hematological and biochemical parameters. Many times these parameters are misinterpreted as being obtained from nonpregnant animals with unknown parasite status. Objective: To characterize the hematological, biochemical, and parasitological values within the peripartum period of Santa Ines sheep naturally infected. Methods: For this purpose, 45 ewes were used, with an average body weight of 50 kg. Data were collected during pregnancy, birth and, lactation. Measurements included body weight, body condition score (BCS), evaluation of conjunctive staining, and collection of blood and feces. Results: All variables changed throughout physiological stages. Weight and BCS were different between periods (p<0.05). Fecal egg counts (FEC) were higher in the peripartum period, with a predominance of Haemonchus ssp, 92.85%. Mean hematological and biochemical values varied throughout the study, (p>0.05). Conclusion: The influence of peripartum on the parameters studied should be considered and its use as a reference value. Regarding the physiological variations observed during peripartum, proper animal management could help minimizing the negative effects of parasitic infections on productivity.

scholarly journals SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF A STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDE FROM THE FLOWERS OF ALANGIUM SALVIIFOLIUM WANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Adeeba Anjum ◽  
Ashik Mosaddik ◽  
Mir Imam Ibne Wahed ◽  
Md. Ekramul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Steroidal Glycoside ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The current study was carried out to investigate the sub-acute toxicity of 3-O--D-glucopyranosyl-(24)-ethylcholesta-5,22,25-triene, a steroidal glycoside isolated from the flowers of Alangium salviifolium Wang on Long Evan’s rat. After intra-peritoneal administration of the compound at a dose of 300 μg/rat/day for 14 consecutive days, no mortality or significant changes in body weight or behavior were observed. The blood samples of the rats were examined for hematological and biochemical parameters which were statistically insignificant when compared to that of the control group. All the vital organs showed normal histopathological architecture (heart, lungs, liver and kidney) in comparison to the control group. This preliminary investigation demonstrate that the compound is safe at dose of 300 μg/rat/day for 14 consecutive days. But acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity evaluations as well as clinical trials need to be done.

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