scholarly journals A Study on Socio-economic Condition of Sheep Rearers of District Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Saumya Rawat ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Uttarakhand is a hilly state and a very little land is under cultivation but animal husbandry appears to be a good source of livelihood for farmers and sheep rearing is one of the major components of animal husbandry in Uttarakhand which help farmers to run their life. Sheep rearing is very much prevailing in hilly regions of the State. Aim: To find the socio-economic condition of the rearers. Methodology: A study was conducted in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. A total of 80 rearers were selected randomly from the Bhatwari block of Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand and a pre structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the rearers. Respondents were classified into three categories on the basis of number of sheep viz. small (having less than 50 sheep), medium (between 50-100 sheep), and large (more than 100 sheep). Results: Study showed that small rearers have 46.86 average numbers of sheep whereas medium size rearers have 73.88 and large rearers have 258.52 average numbers of sheep. Out of which number of Ram were lowest. Most of the rearers were from 35-50 years of age group. 48.74 % of rearers had completed their primary education and 14.11% of rearers were illiterate. Majority of rearers (i.e., 68.75) were engaged with two occupations. On an average 57.48 % of rearers were OBCs (Other backward class) and 29.99 % were from tribal community(i.e.,Bhotiya). The average income of small, medium and large farm group is ₹53,440, ₹89,627 ₹1,96,802 respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is need to eradicate the lack of awareness about the new technologies and educate the rearers about more efficient way of sheep rearing. With this women participation and youth should also be encouraged to involve in sheep rearing.

scholarly journals Characterization of smallholder cattle production systems in South-Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Mugumaarhahama ◽  
Rodrigue Balthazar Basengere Ayagirwe ◽  
Valence Bwana Mutwedu ◽  
Nadège Cizungu Cirezi ◽  
Dieudonné Shukuru Wasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Cattle Farming ◽  
South Kivu

AbstractIn South-Kivu province, cattle farming is an integral component of farmers’ livelihoods and one of the few income-generating opportunities for smallholders. However, very few studies have been conducted to characterize smallholders’ cattle production systems. This study documents cattle production systems to better understand their current situation, constraints they face and opportunities they offer. For that purpose, an investigation was conducted based on a structured survey questionnaire and participatory interviews with 863 farmers in South-Kivu province. Collected data were analysed using factorial analysis of mixed data and clustering techniques. The results revealed three types of smallholder cattle farms differing mainly in their herds’ sizes and landholding. The first category is the most common and includes farmers raising small herds (6.3 ± 6.7 cattle) of local breeds in herding system (in this work, “herding system” refers to a rearing system for which the farmer drives and stays with his animals on pastures and fallow land during the day) and grazing fodder in community pastures, fallow lands and roadside grasses, while land constitutes a scarce resource. In the second category, some farmers have small tracts of land (< 5 ha) and others have large tracts (> 5 ha), but all have medium-size herds (45.1 ± 19.4 cattle) made up of local breeds, which they rear in herding system. They also exploit community pastures, fallow land and roadside fodder for animal feeding. The third and last category includes farmers with large cattle herds (78.1 ± 28.1 cattle) of local, crossbred and exotic breeds raised free range in the fenced paddocks on vast areas of land (> 5 ha) found in high-altitude regions. However, while being different according to the above-considered characteristics, the three categories of cattle farming remain extensive pastoral farms dominated by male farmers. Agriculture and/or animal husbandry are their main source of income while their livestock are also composed of goats and poultry, beside cattle. Still, the three farming groups require more inputs and improvement strategies for increased productivity in the challenging environment characterized by low land accessibility and high demand for milk and meat. Fodder cultivation and crop-livestock integration through agro-ecological systems as well as access to credit and extension services are the proposed strategies for the improvement of this economic sector.

Developing an economy based on knowledge and innovation in the context of the middle income trap

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Paweł Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
Middle Income Trap

The article is a contribution to the discussion on the necessity to change the current model of economic growth of Poland for model of economy based on knowledge and innovation. In this way, our country will be able to overcome the threats that might push the economy into the trap of the average income, expressed in long-term slowdown in GDP growth. The endogenous growth theory, formed after 1989 and characterized by duplication of Western technology, enabled relatively rapid growth by over 20 years. Currently, Poland to ensure an economic growth is facing the need for innovative technologies and innovation. Risks associated with middle income trap are very real because of the disappearance of comparative advantage, which results from relatively low labor costs. The creation in Poland conditions to accelerate economic growth requires action to increase the propensity of entrepreneurs to reach for new technologies and innovation and attractive market offer from the national centers for research and development.

Use of insecticides and other capturing techniques of bush cricket (Tettigonia viridissima): dietary implications among population of Tubah, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
J. Sonchieu ◽  
H.C. Roméo ◽  
Y. Wenceslas ◽  
N.K. Mireille
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
North West ◽  
West Region ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Worldwide consumption of insects is today regarded as a good source of protein supplementation. This study aims at exploring the dietary factors, cooking, preservation techniques, and harvesting methods of longhorn grasshoppers (Tettigonia viridissima). The survey was conducted from September 2016 to January 2017 in Tubah council (North-West Region, Cameroon) using a semi-structured questionnaire, which was administered to two hundred T. viridissima harvesters. Chi-square was used to compare variables in a particular group for related measured factors. The main objective of the questionnaire was to find out how longhorn grasshoppers were harvested and consumed in the community. The harvesting of grasshoppers included three major techniques: hand picking (53%), trapping (29%) and use of insecticides (18%). Insecticides used (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) are from class II chemical toxicity. Dietary factors focused on: cooking methods (frying, roasting and boiling) and methods of preservation (sun drying and refrigerating). For the local population, grasshoppers constitute a good source of proteins from the month of September to January, but its safety is a concern as far as insecticides are used in harvesting them. Therefore, the population should be educated on the health risks linked to this malpractice method and the local and national authorities informed.

scholarly journals Systemic glucocorticoid usage in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK: prevalence and risk factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa A Elkholly ◽  
Dan O’Neill ◽  
Andrea K Wright ◽  
Kennedy Mwacalimba ◽  
Laura S Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Systemic Glucocorticoid ◽  
Oral Preparation ◽  
Systemic Glucocorticoids ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
The Uk ◽  
To Receive

Glucocorticoids are widely used in primary care veterinary practices. The study aimed to quantify the usage of systemic glucocorticoids (SGC) in dogs in the UK using primary care treatment records recorded during 2013 in the VetCompass Programme. From a study population of 455 557 dogs, 28 472 dogs (6.2 per cent, 95 per cent CI 6.2 to 6.3) received a total of 50 971 SGC therapy events in 2013. Prednisolone represented the most frequently used oral preparation (27 362 events, 90.0 per cent of oral events). Dexamethasone sodium phosphate was the most commonly used injectable agent (12 796 events, 62.7 per cent of injectable events). The most common breed treated was Staffordshire Bull Terriers (2236/28 472 dogs, 7.9 per cent, 95 per cent CI 7.5 to 8.2) and within-breed prevalence of SGC usage was 2236/32 635, 6.9 per cent, 95 per cent CI 6.6 to 7.1. The most commonly treated age group was dogs older than eight years (8931/28472, 31.4 per cent) and the most commonly treated bodyweight group was 10.01–20.0 kg (7918/28 472, 27.8 per cent). Dexamethasone and prednisolone were the most commonly prescribed SGC. Short-acting and intermediate-acting injectable SGC were more commonly used compared with long-acting injectable SGC. Older and medium size dogs were most likely to receive SGC and certain breeds appeared predisposed. These data can provide a useful benchmark for glucocorticoid usage and highlight the benefits from ‘Big Data’ analyses.

scholarly journals Being Materialistic Makes You Happy or Not: A Probe

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Service Class ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Oxford Happiness Questionnaire

Does money bring happiness? This study was undertaken to understand and analyze the relationship between materialism and happiness. The sample consists of on young male and female students in the age group of 18-21years belonging to service class family and living in the tri-city of Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali. For the purpose of study respondents were selected randomly who were administered the structured questionnaire to measure happiness and materialism using Oxford Happiness questionnaire, Richards and Dawson Materialism Scale. Descriptive analysis, correlations, and t-ratios was applied to the data. Results revealed non- significant relationship between materialism and happiness. Gender difference was also studied.

scholarly journals Socio-economic condition of fishermen and intermediaries involved in marine fish marketing chain in Cox’s Bazar area, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Md Khabirul Ahsan ◽  
Nusrat Sultana Runa ◽  
Subrata Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Muhammad Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Md Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Marketing Chain ◽  
Fish Marketing ◽  
And Training

Study was conducted to know the socio-economic condition of the fishermen and intermediaries of fish marketing chain in Cox’s Bazar area, Bangladesh. Socio-economic condition of the fishermen and intermediaries were not so good in the study area. It was found that about 35% fishermen and intermediaries were illiterate, 16% fishermen and intermediaries were semiliterate who only could write their names. 55% household of the fishermen and intermediaries had tin shed house with tin wall. Average income for most of fishermen and intermediaries was about Tk. 400-500 and 66% were found to borrow money from different source for continuing their business. Poor road and transport facilities, lack of credit facilities, insufficient supply of ice, inadequate training facilities and large number of intermediaries in the chain were the main problems of the marine fish marketing chain. It is therefore necessary to provide institutional and organizational support, government support, extension service and training facilities to the market operators for sustainable fish marketing systems.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 67-73

scholarly journals Prevalence of oral habits in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Pedro Diniz Rebouças Rebouças ◽  
Levy Sombra de Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Matos Costa Lima ◽  
Lorena Walesca Macedo Rodrigues ◽  
Regina Glaucia Lucena Aguiar Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Absolute Frequency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objective: this quantitative descriptive study aimed to evaluate the presence of deleterious oral habits and associated factors in children attending the Amadeu Barros Leal day care in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 75 children (51% of girls) aged 0 to 5 years. Data were collected through the application of a structured questionnaire to the parents or guardians and analyzed statistically with Fisher’s exact or Chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval. The results were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage. Results: 89% of the children participating in the study were breastfed, and 43.5% of them were breastfed at least until the first year of age. As much as 19% of the children slept with their mouths open and 39% used a pacifier, 56.7% of which used it constantly during the day and at night. About 91% of children used a feeding bottle, and most of bottles (79%) did not have an orthodontic nipple. In addition, 60% of children aged 24-36 months had the deleterious habit of grinding their teeth. Conclusion: in the present study, we investigated children from 0 to 5 years old and observed that this age group is predisposed to deleterious oral habits. In this way, more studies that trace a safe epidemiological profile aiming to reduce these harmful habits are extremely necessary.

scholarly journals The impact of pictorial warning attached on cigarette packet to the attitude of smoking habit

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Dr. Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Prof. Dr. Belal Ahmed ◽  
Prof. Dr. Md. Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Warning Message ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted to assess the effect pictorial warning message on cigarette packets to the attitude and practice of smokers using a semi-structured questionnaire employing purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 214 by face to face interview carried out in different cities, towns, and villages of Bangladesh from August 2016 to February 2017. Almost 97.6% were male and Most of the respondents (40.9%) belonged to the 20-29 years age group. Majority (58.3%) of them were educated from secondary to graduate few percent below primary. Highest 22.9% respondents were students followed by 17.6% private job holder, 16.9% day labor and only 1.4% was jobless. About 40.2% started smoking by the influence of friends, 26.2% started on curiosity and 20% due to depression and majority 41.0% smoked 1-5 cigarette sticks per day. More than half (65.5%) of respondents felt relax to refreshing by smoking and about two third 77.6% continued their smoking due to habitual act or psychological pleasure Almost 93.4% gave attention to the pictorial warning on the cigarette packets. About 46.4% thought pictorial warning in cigarette packets alarms for not to smoke and only 23.8% thought smoking will cause cancer; 21.4% thought smoking is injurious to health. After seeing the pictorial warning on cigarettes 57.6% reduced the smoking number of sticks per day also attempted to quit smoking. To reduce this restricting the advertisement of tobacco, arranging campaign to raise awareness among people about the health and environmental hazards of smoking and increase the tax on tobacco.

scholarly journals Intelligent Devices in Rural Wireless Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Daniel Fuentes ◽  
Rosalía Laza ◽  
Antonio Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Intelligent Devices ◽  
The Cost

The rural wireless networks are increasingly in demand by associations and autarchies to expand Internet access in this type of areas. The problem of such solutions centers not only in network deployment and its maintenance, but also in the equipment installation on clients, which always has big costs. This installation and configuration must be performed by a technician on site, so that the equipment can be integrated in the infrastructure. To try to mitigate this problem, it is presented a solution that allows the clients to install, with transparency, the device at home, reducing not only the cost for the management entity but also for the clients. This way, for info-excluded people or with new technology low experience level, it is the user that integrates himself in the network, making him part of the process, fostering the network usage.In this article are specified not only the system architecture but also the way that it works and how it obtains the desirable result. The tests made to the solution show the quickness, reliability and autonomy in the execution of the tasks, making it a benefit for rural wireless networks.This solution, by its robustness and simplicity, allowed an uptake to the IT by people who never thought to do it, namely an advanced age group (elderly) who want to join the world of the new technologies

scholarly journals Worth of Artificial Intelligence in the Epoch of Modern Livestock Farming: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna Aharwal ◽  
Biswajit Roy ◽  
Somesh Meshram ◽  
Aayush Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Measuring Device

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a human intelligence in machine encountered daily and impacts our lives. It is expected that the use of such technology in the livestock industry will automate the livestock processes and easy to manage. Biometric identification plays a key role in artificial intelligence which shows the individual identity, helps in the process of insurance and claim leakages, continue monitoring of farm animal is essential can be done with new technologies. Infra red temperature measurement camera is the newly added technology with sensor system in (AI). It is a temperature measuring device in the form of electromagnetic waves and the infrared radiation intensity. AI system consists of agent, sensor, actuators and effectors which are connected to cloud. It helps in the detection of estrus, animal diseases, body condition score and various physiological parameters using video surveillance data collection method. Artificial neural network is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) which is based on a collection of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons and stored in a central database system. Sustainable economic future of dairy farms and to achieve 100% compliance rate. Modern dairy farms uses robotic system to deliver vaccines, machine milking and measurement of feed as per individual performance of the animal. AI analyzes the animal origin food quality traceability method from farm to fork. AI helps in the complete mechanized animal husbandry right from the birth of animal to production and food product. The future of AI in animal sector is not predictable, but advantages and daily increasing demand of AI over other sector will ensure future in animal sector as well.

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