scholarly journals A Content Review of News about Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) at Media Prior to Emergence in Pakistan by the Year 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ghafoor Ali ◽  
Saima Narjees Husain ◽  
Syed Imran Ahmad Shah
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Global Bifurcation ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Number Of Patients

The study has been carried as a review of news about coronavirus disease (COVID-19) published in main stream newspaper (Daily Jang) prior to emergence in Pakistan. The front page of newspaper Daily Jang-Pakistan was selected for evaluation of study. The duration of study was from 31st December 2019 to 27th February 2020.The data has been qualitatively analyzed about text analysis, interpretative analysis, discourse analysis, rhetorical analysis, narrative analysis, and semiotic analysis whereas quantitatively analyzed for increasing number of patients, death and global bifurcation of affected cases. The first case of COVID-19 apparently reported on 31st December 2019 in China and got place at front page of newspaper on 24th January 2020 with 571 affected persons and 17 deaths.By 28th January 2020 USA, Canada, Australia, France, Japan, Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia and Nepal were affected from new viral disease and till 5th of February 2020 more than two dozen countries confirmed about existence of new disease. China has taken immediate health interventions. Subsequently strategies were made in the world including Pakistan. WHO made global strategies to control new viral disease. Although most countries shifted their citizen from China however Pakistan did not removed their citizen from affected country. In the light of Hadith, Muslim Scholars advised that citizens of Pakistan should not be shifted outside China till control of disease. The scientist started to investigate new disease. The herbal medicine also used in public. Campaign on media started about awareness of new disease. The business activity found to be reduced due to disease. Necessary preventive arrangements were made by the aviation department. Pakistan also banned on import of animal and birds. The burial ceremonies of deceased due to COVID-19 were also limited for participation. Many operations like Haj, Umrah and Olympic 2020 expected to be affected due to new viral disease. However a common marriage found to be reported in South Korea. Dr.Ventiang died on 8th February 2020 who initially suspected and diagnosed for existence and origin of new disease. On 26th   February 2020 a news  on front page indicating to inner page that “many countries affected by corona virus disease and afterward on 27th February 2020 there was a main headline news on the front page that “Corona reached Pakistan.”

scholarly journals Ebola virus disease outbreak in Korea: use of a mathematical model and stochastic simulation to estimate risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019048
Author(s):  
Youngsuk Ko ◽  
Seok-Min Lee ◽  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Moran Ki ◽  
Eunok Jung
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
First Case ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Government

OBJECTIVES: According to the World Health Organization, there have been frequent reports of Ebola virus disease (EVD) since the 2014 EVD pandemic in West Africa. We aim to estimate the outbreak scale when an EVD infected person arrives in Korea.METHODS: Western Africa EVD epidemic mathematical model SEIJR or SEIJQR was modified to create a Korean EVD outbreak model. The expected number of EVD patients and outbreak duration were calculated by stochastic simulation under the scenarios of Best case, Diagnosis delay, and Case missing.RESULTS: The 2,000 trials of stochastic simulation for each scenario demonstrated the following results: The possible median number of patients is 2 and the estimated maximum number is 11 when the government intervention is proceeded immediately right after the first EVD case is confirmed. With a 6-day delay in diagnosis of the first case, the median number of patients becomes 7, and the maximum, 20. If the first case is missed and the government intervention is not activated until 2 cases of secondary infection occur, the median number of patients is estimated at 15, and the maximum, at 35.CONCLUSIONS: Timely and rigorous diagnosis is important to reduce the spreading scale of infection when a new communicable disease is inflowed into Korea. Moreover, it is imperative to strengthen the local surveillance system and diagnostic protocols to avoid missing cases of secondary infection.

Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Narrative Review Based on Current Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Das ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Meenakshi Dhanawat
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
First Case ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract:: A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), appeared and expanded globally by the end of year in 2019 from Wuhan, China, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. During its initial stage, the disease was called the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 February 2020. The WHO declared worldwide the SARS-CoV-2 virus a pandemic on March 2020. On 30 January 2020 the first case of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in India. Now in current situation the virus is floating in almost every part of the province and rest of the globe. -: On the basis of novel published evidences, we efficiently summarized the reported work with reference to COVID-19 epidemiology, pathogen, clinical symptoms, treatment and prevention. Using several worldwide electronic scientific databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Science direct, Scopus, etc were utilized for extensive investigation of relevant literature. -: This review is written in the hope of encouraging the people successfully with the key learning points from the underway efforts to perceive and manage SARS-CoV-2, suggesting sailent points for expanding future research.

scholarly journals Type II alveolar cell MHCII improves respiratory viral disease outcomes while exhibiting limited antigen presentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushila A. Toulmin ◽  
Chaitali Bhadiadra ◽  
Andrew J. Paris ◽  
Jeffrey H. Lin ◽  
Jeremy Katzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Respiratory Homeostasis ◽  
Mhcii Expression

AbstractType II alveolar cells (AT2s) are critical for basic respiratory homeostasis and tissue repair after lung injury. Prior studies indicate that AT2s also express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecules, but how MHCII expression by AT2s is regulated and how it contributes to host defense remain unclear. Here we show that AT2s express high levels of MHCII independent of conventional inflammatory stimuli, and that selective loss of MHCII from AT2s in mice results in modest worsening of respiratory virus disease following influenza and Sendai virus infections. We also find that AT2s exhibit MHCII presentation capacity that is substantially limited compared to professional antigen presenting cells. The combination of constitutive MHCII expression and restrained antigen presentation may position AT2s to contribute to lung adaptive immune responses in a measured fashion, without over-amplifying damaging inflammation.

UPDATE ON CARDIOVASCULAR IMPLICATIONS OF COVID 19

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan ◽  
Gayathri Ananyajyothi Ambat ◽  
Roshini Ambat ◽  
Syed Ilas Basha ◽  
Hema Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Acute Myocardial Injury ◽  
Exercise Induced

On March 11 2020 WHO declares corona viral disease as a global pandemic .COVID 19 pandemic has taken the world by storm and many countries like India is now experiencing a second surge due to mutant strains. Global health emergency has been precipitated by this corona virus disease caused by SARS CoV2.Acute and intermediate effects on cardiovascular system are becoming obvious with progression of time. SARS-CoV-2-related endothelial dysfunction results in an augmented risk for venous thromboembolism, systemic vasculitis, endothelial cell apoptosis, and inammation in various organs. Acute infections have troponin elevation more due to indirect cardiac damage though denite patterns of direct damage do exist. Intermediate evaluation in patients with resolved infections shows increased incidence of exercise induced arrhythmias and residual cardiovascular symptoms. The virus with its zoonotic origin based upon its genomic identity to bat derived SARS corona virus has a human to human transmission mode.ACE 2 receptors facilitate cellular entry and has been implicated in direct and indirect myocardial damage. Myocarditis, acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias and thromboembolism dominates the clinical picture. Role of imaging must be dened in relation to relevant clinical ndings. With arrival of vaccine and widespread vaccination global programs, we can look forward to understanding and managing long term complications of this disease. Prognostic implications of a resolved disease need to be evaluated by future studies.

scholarly journals Neoadjuvant peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and modified multivisceral transplantation for an advanced small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm: an updated case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Ashley K. Clift ◽  
Henk Giele ◽  
Srikanth Reddy ◽  
Rubens Macedo ◽  
Adil Al-Nahhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radionuclide Therapy ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Multivisceral Transplantation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mesenteric Root ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Small Intestinal

AbstractSmall intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (SI-NEN) frequently metastasise to regional lymph nodes, and surgery is the mainstay of therapy for such patients. However, despite the possible use of advanced surgical techniques, the resection of both primary and locoregional diseases is not always attainable. Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation has been performed in a small number of patients with conventionally nonresectable, slow-growing tumours threatening the mesenteric root but has remained controversial. The use of donor skin in “sentinel flaps” in transplantation theoretically offers advantages in tailoring immunosuppression and monitoring for rejection. We represent (with extended follow-up) the first case of a patient with inoperable extensive mesenteric metastases from SI-NEN, who underwent neoadjuvant peptide receptor radionuclide therapy before a modified multivisceral transplant with a concomitant vascularised sentinel forearm flap. At 48 months after transplantation, our patient remained at full physical activity with no evidence of disease recurrence on either tumour biochemistry or radiological imaging.

scholarly journals Nutritional therapy of COVID-19 disease in Intensive care units

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (83) ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
Biljana Damnjanović ◽  
Đuro Šijan ◽  
Ivan Rović ◽  
Igor Lazić ◽  
Saša Knežević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Number Of Patients

Since the beginning of 2020, SARS-CoV 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Corona Virus 2) has been in the focus of scientific circles and beyond. Finding the most efficient therapeutic protocol in prevention and treatment of the new and unknown COVID - 19 (Corona Virus Disease - 2019) disease has been indentified as especially important. SARS-CoV 2 uses various mechanisms to lead patients to malnutrition, which is detected by a higher frequency of admission to hospital treatment, especially on admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Malnutrition has a negative impact on the course and outcome of the disease. In the pandemic, the number of patients on various types of oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation increased, and in correlation with that, there has been a greater need for knowledge and education of staff to use different diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and different approaches in feeding critically ill patients. Nutritional therapy is the basis for maintaining body weight, supporting respiratory function, as well as helping in the overall recovery of patients. Omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins C and D have shown potentially beneficial effects against COVID-19 diseases. The aim of this paper is to consolidate the current knowledge and recommendations in the field of nutritional therapy in patients with COVID-19 treated in the Intensive Care Unit.

ADDRESSING COVID-19 IN KAZAKHSTAN: WHAT ARE THE EFFORTS AND CHALLENGES?

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Л.Ж. Алекешева ◽  
К.К. Тогузбаева ◽  
К.О. Джусупов
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 нанес серьезный удар по системам здравоохранения многих стран мира, включая Республику Казахстан. Чтобы справиться с пандемией, Казахстан разработал план, содержащий три стратегические цели: 1) предотвращение вспышки болезни; 2) Обеспечение оптимального ухода для всех пациентов и 3) Сведение к минимуму воздействия пандемии на системы здравоохранения, социальные услуги и экономическую деятельность. Однако неравномерное распределение финансовых ресурсов по регионам, нерегулярное потребление медицинских услуг и различия в показателях здоровья препятствуют этим усилиям. Другие проблемы - это нехватка медицинских сил, неожиданность ситуации, отсутствие знаний о коронавирусной инфекции и бессилие перед этой новой болезнью. Были трудности с массовым тестированием, поскольку стигма и страх перед карантином вынуждали людей не проходить тестирование. После отмены чрезвычайного положения и строгой изоляции страну охватила эйфория, которая привела к резкому увеличению числа случаев заболевания. Чтобы взять ситуацию под контроль в июне 2020 года был экстренно введен второй локдаун, постепенно стало уменьшаться количество больных и инфицированных. Пандемия показала, насколько хрупка и зависима система: была отложена плановая вакцинация детям до 1 года, временно приостановлено медицинское обследование и оказание медицинских услуг больным хроническими, онкологическими заболеваниями, плановая госпитализация. Многие врачи и медсестры заразились и заболели. На момент написания этой статьи эпидемиологическая ситуация в стране с COVID-19 находится под контролем и надзором, однако давать какие-либо прогнозы относительно его завершения пока рано. Казахстан готовится к вакцинации от коронавирусной инфекции, в первую очередь вакцинации должны подвергаться группы риска, медицинские и социальные работники, а также люди с хроническими заболеваниями. Пока коллективный иммунитет не сформирован, казахстанцы должны проявлять осторожность при снятии ограничений, чтобы предотвратить взрыв новых случаев заболевания. COVID-19 has strained the healthcare systems of many countries worldwide including the Republic of Kazakhstan. To cope with the pandemic, Kazakhstan mounted a plan containing three strategic objectives: 1) Preventing the outbreak of the disease; 2) Ensuring optimal care for all patients, and 3) Minimizing the impact of the pandemic on health systems, social services, and economic activities. However, the uneven distribution of financial resources across regions, irregular consumption of medical services, and inconsistent health indicators hamper these efforts. Other issues are the lack of medical forces, the unexpectedness of the situation, lack of knowledge on coronavirus infection, and powerlessness in front of this new disease. There were difficulties in mass testing as stigma and fear from quarantine forced people not to get tested. The euphoria enveloped the country after abolishing the emergency state after an intense lockdown which resulted in increased cases. A second lockdown was urgently introduced in June 2020 to take control of the situation. The number of patients and those infected gradually began to decline. The pandemic showed the fragility and inter-dependence of the health system- planned vaccinations against many infectious diseases were postponed. Medical examination and provision of medical services to patients with chronic, oncological diseases, planned hospitalization were temporarily halted. Many doctors and nurses became infected and ill. The country's COVID-19 epidemiological situation is somewhat under the control and supervision as of this writing. However, to give any forecasts for its completion is still too early. Kazakhstan is preparing to vaccinate against coronavirus infection. First of all, risk groups, medical and social workers, and people with chronic diseases should be subject to vaccination. Until herd immunity is not formed, Kazakhstanis must keep caution when the restrictions are taken off to prevent an explosion of new disease cases.

Investigating the effects of the outbreak of COVID-19 on perishable food supply chains: an empirical study using PLS-SEM

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Abdul Rehman Khan ◽  
Pablo Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
First Case

PurposeAt the end of 2019, the first case of the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan city of China. The disease was declared a pandemic without imagining the magnitude of damage currently caused in all branches of the economy. One of the most affected sectors was food and mostly perishable food (PF), which are more susceptible to environmental conditions. Thus, the research examines the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on Ecuador's perishable food supply chains (PFSCs) during the pandemic. It contributes to new results on the special issue (SI) PFSC response to event risk and uncertainty, such as those that generated the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe data used are from primary information sources, which were collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was applied to 298 companies belonging to the sector, and later the information was processed through partial least squares structural equation model. The convergent validity, discriminate and robustness tests provide arguments for the suitability of the model. Therefore, the findings are reliable and valid for the adequate measures to improve the PFSC due to a COVID-19 outbreak.FindingsThe results show that the perception of personal risk (PPR) produced by COVID-19 has caused the companies of the PFSC to adopt preventive policies (PO) to avoid contagion and guarantee the operation of the companies. In addition, the PPR has been responsible for the alterations in the demand and price (DP) of PF. Next, PO and DP have a significant effect on PFSC, which shows the evidence favouring the malfunction of PFSC operations due to anti-contagion PO, the mismatch of DP. On the contrary, circular economy practices contribute to the excellent performance of the PFSC. Finally, the research suggests some policy implications to consider in improving the PFSC.Originality/valueThis study is the first to be carried out in Ecuador's country on the PFSC; its contribution is unprecedented and makes it a road-map to be considered to guarantee the correct functioning of the PFSCs, and it will provide policymakers with valid elements to design efficient PFSCs that better respond to unforeseen events and uncertainties. Future research will focus on analysing the management of PF consumption in Ecuador during the pandemic.

Abstract 13719: Long Qt Associated Ventricular Tachycardia Caused by Sex Hormone Therapy

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bina Kviatkovsky ◽  
mohammad abureesh ◽  
Samer Saouma ◽  
Michael P Cinelli ◽  
Philippe Akhrass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Cardiac Repolarization ◽  
Long Qt ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hormonal Therapies

Introduction: Increasing number of patients are currently receiving hormonal therapies for a variety of conditions. Modulation of cardiac repolarization by sex hormones resulting in VT remains controversial. Anastrozole is an aromatase inhibitor (ANI), used as an anti-estrogen medication in women with breast cancer or as replacement therapy for hypogonadism. Arrhythmias associated with ANI are extremely rare and hence ANI is considered relatively safe to use. Case Presentation: We report two cases receiving ANI who presented with VT and long QT (LQT). Case 1, 71 year old female with breast cancer on ANI recently started on levofloxacin 750 mg qd, presented with monomorphic VT. Post-conversion ECG showed sinus rhythm (SR) QT 0.48s/QTc 0.56s. Case 2, 50 year old male with hypogonadism on ANI and clomiphene (CL) presented with monomorphic VT, post conversion ECG showed SR with QT 0.65s/QTc 0.59s. Both patients had normal electrolytes and coronaries. Discussion: Studies have shown that levofloxacin is not associated with significant LQT, however, a relationship between its concentration and the extent of LQT has been demonstrated. LQT in our first case can be explained by an increase in levofloxacin level resulting from inhibition of CYP by ANI. CL is a HERG inhibitor however has not been shown to prolong QT. ANI lower the estradiol level which blocks the membrane trafficking of KCNH2 channels, potentially lengthening the QT. LQT in the second case can be explained by the additive effect of both HERG and KCNH2 inhibition. Conclusion: Although reported as safe, ANI hormone therapy can be arrhythmogenic if combined with agents that potentially affect potassium currents. We recommend QT monitoring in such patients to prevent lethal arrhythmias.

OP40 First Case Of Disinvestment Using Real-World Evidence In Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Livia Pires de Lemos ◽  
Augusto Guerra ◽  
Ramon Pereira ◽  
Rosangela Gomes ◽  
Isabella Godói ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Beta Interferon ◽  
First Case ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Number Of Patients

INTRODUCTION:Beta-interferons are used as first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Brazil. In order to evaluate the possible inferiority of one of the beta-interferons available and support a guideline update, we conducted an eleven-year (January 2000 to December 2010) nationwide real-world performance assessment using the Unified Health System (SUS) databases.METHODS:We assessed whether patients using subcutaneous beta-interferon switched treatment, relapsed or died (composite event) earlier than patients using intramuscular beta-interferons. Patients without a dispensing registry longer than three months were censored. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate the cumulative probability of persistence on initial treatment, and compared groups with the Log-rank test. The influence of the drug on the occurrence of event was assessed with Cox proportional hazards analysis.RESULTS:The number of patients included was 12,154, and the majority started treatment with subcutaneous beta-interferon-1a (45.7 percent), followed by subcutaneous beta-interferon-1b (27.7 percent) and by intramuscular beta-interferon (26.6 percent). Women represented 73.1 percent and the mean age was 38.93±11.34 years old. The group of patients who used intramuscular beta-interferon switched treatment, relapsed or died earlier (median 47 months; 95 percent Confidence Interval, CI 44–52) than patients using the subcutaneous beta-interferons, (69 months (95 percent CI 64–76) for beta- interferon 1a and 73 (95 percent CI 66–84) months for beta-interferon 1b) (p< .0001 for both comparisons). Accordingly, the use of intramuscular beta-interferon was associated with a higher probability of event (Hazard ratio, HR 1.38; 95 percent CI 1.29-1.48), while the use of the other beta-interferons had a protective effect (1a: HR .86; 95 percent CI .81-.92; 1b: HR .89; 95 percent CI .83-.95).CONCLUSIONS:The inferiority of intramuscular beta-interferon found in the real-world corroborates findings from head-to-head studies and systematic reviews conducted by Cochrane and the National Commission for Technology Incorporation in SUS (CONITEC/Brazil). This result led to disinvestment in intramuscular beta-interferon and was the first case of clinical guideline update using real-world evidence in Brazil.

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