Ameliorative Effect of Methanol Extract of Hymenocardia acida Leaves on Gentamicin-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

Aim: This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Hymenocardia acida leaves in rat model of gentamicin induced renal damage. Materials and Methods: Twenty- four (24) Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 150- 200g were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each; Group I served as the control and received normal saline, Group II- IV received gentamicin (40 mg/kg, i.p), Groups III and IV also received 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt., p.o methanol extract of Hymenocardia acida leaves respectively for 15 days. Body weight measurement, serum urea, creatinine, electrolytes analyses and histopathological examination of kidney were carried out. Results: Gentamicin treatment caused nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in Serum urea, creatinine, decreased sodium and chloride ions, elevated serum level of potassium ion and pathological signs such as congestion, focal areas of inflammation, tubular necrosis, and glomerular atrophy. Administration of the extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/ body wt significantly (p< 0.05) decreased Creatinine and urea levels, significantly (p< 0.05) increased sodium and chloride ion and significantly (p< 0.05) decreased potassium ion level when compared to the gentamicin- alone- treated group. Histopathological analysis also revealed a gradual reversal of the pathological features caused by gentamicin toxicity. Conclusion: It was concluded that the extract possesses nephroprotective potential.

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The Effect of High Dosage of Codeine-Containing Cough Syrup on Renal Function on Albino Rats

Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology ◽

10.54987/jemat.v9i2.646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 38-40

Author(s):

Ramlatu Musa Adam ◽

Aishatu Muhammad Bello ◽

Jalil Idi James ◽

Alhassan Ahmad Siddan ◽

Aisami Abubakar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Chloride Ion ◽

Study Groups ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Potassium Ion ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Abused Drugs ◽

Cough Syrup ◽

Nephrotoxic Effect

Codeine-containing cough syrup (CCS) is one of the most abused drugs in the world especially among the youths. However, there is need to study the nephrotoxic effect associated with oral administration of the drug and to ascertain its effect on the kidney. Consequently, understanding the renal abnormalities in chronic use of CCS will be crucial for effective development of interventions. This study assessed the nephrotoxic effect associated with oral administration of codeine-containing cough syrup (Tutolin with Codeine) in albino rats, using the level of creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium and chloride ions as biomarker in the serum of albino rats. The rats were administered orally with Tutolin and Codeine at a dose of 80mg/kg, 160mg/kg, 240 mg/kg and 320mg/kg body weight. After three weeks of oral administration of the syrup to all the groups, there was no difference (P> 0.05) in the levels of sodium ion, chloride ion and creatinine among all the study groups and levels of urea and potassium ion in the group administered with 80 mg/kg, 160 mg/kg and 240 mg/kg body weight of tutolin with codeine compared with the control. After three weeks of oral administration of 80 mg/kg, 160 mg/kg, 240 mg/kg and 320 mg/kg body weight tutolin with codeine cough syrup, urea and potassium ion concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in group given 320mg/kg body weight of tutolin with codeine cough syrup compared with the control. This suggests that at higher doses, tutolin with codeine containing cough syrup may have effect on the kidney.

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Neurotoxic Effect of Fipronil in Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effect of L-Arginine and L-Carnitine

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10070682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 682

Author(s):

Yasmina K. Mahmoud ◽

Ahmed A. Ali ◽

Heba M. A. Abdelrazek ◽

Tahany Saleh Aldayel ◽

Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Binding ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Corticosterone Level ◽

Male Rats ◽

Spatial Learning And Memory ◽

Serum Corticosterone ◽

Group I ◽

Ameliorative Effect

The ameliorative effect of L-arginine (LA) and L-carnitine (LC) against fipronil (FPN)-induced neurotoxicity was explored. In this case, 36 adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: group I received distilled water, group II received 500 mg/kg LA, group III received 100 mg/kg LC, group IV received 4.85 mg/kg FPN, group V received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 500 mg/kg LA and group VI received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 100 mg/kg LC for 6 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed using Barnes maze (BM). Serum corticosterone, brain total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and dopamine were measured. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of ionized calcium-binding adaptor (Iba-1), doublecortin (DCX) and serotonin (S-2A) receptors were performed. Fipronil induced noticeable deterioration in spatial learning and memory performance. In addition, FPN significantly (p < 0.05) diminished brain antioxidant defense system and dopamine coincide with elevated serum corticosterone level. Histopathological examination revealed degenerative and necrotic changes. Furthermore, Iba-1 and DCX were significantly expressed in cortex and hippocampus whereas S-2A receptors were significantly lowered in FPN group. However, administration of LA or LC alleviated FPN-induced deteriorations. In conclusion, LA and LC could be prospective candidates for mitigation of FPN-induced neurotoxicity via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuropotentiating effects.

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EFFICACY OF TRIDHAM AND 1,2,3,4,6-PENTA-O-GALLOYL-β-D-GLUCOSE IN REVERSING LIPID PEROXIDATION LEVELS AND MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZENEANTHRACENE (DMBA) INDUCED BREAST CANCER IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i9.13635 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 288 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stalin Ramakrishnan ◽

Karthick Dharmalingam ◽

Sachidanandham T Panchanatham ◽

Shanthi Palanivelu

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Mammary Carcinoma ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Gastric Intubation ◽

Group I

Objective: To determine the effect of Tridham (TD) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose(PGG) on lipid peroxidation levels and mitochondrial antioxidants status in experimental mammary carcinoma.Methods: Elaecoarpus ganitrus (fruits), Terminalia chebula (seed coats), Prosopis cineraria (leaves), adult female albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 170–190 g and 7,12-dimethylbenzeneanthracene (DMBA) were used for this study. Group I control rats, Group II rats mammary carcinoma induced with DMBA (25 mg in 1 ml olive oil) by gastric intubation. Group III, IV and V DMBA induced rats were treated with TD (400 mg/kg. b. wt/day), PGG (30 mg/kg. b. wt/day) and standard drug, Cyclophosphamide (30 mg/kg. b. wt/day), respectively for 48 d by gastric intubation. Group VI and VII rats served as TD and PGG treated controls, respectively for 48 d by gastric intubation. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed. Mammary glands were isolated and used for biochemical assays and histopathological evaluation.Results: In rats with cancer, the lipid peroxide levels (LPO) were significantly increased and mitochondrial antioxidant levels were decreased. Treatment with TD and PGG decreased LPO levels and increased mitochondrial antioxidant status in mammary carcinoma bearing rats. Histopathological analysis also confirmed the therapeutic effect of TD and PGG. No significant adverse effect was observed in sole drug treated group of rats.Conclusion: TD and PGG have definite therapeutic effect in experimental mammary carcinoma and inhibit growth of cancer cells by restoring mitochondrial antioxidant status and energy metabolism to normal states.

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Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of cardamom against gentamicin induced hepatic damage in rats

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ◽

10.14419/ijbas.v5i1.5435 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohamed Aboubakr ◽

Abdelazem Mohamed Abdelazem

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Aqueous Extracts

The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of cardamom in acute experimental liver injury induced by gentamicin. Twenty four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (six rats in each). Animals of the first group served as control and orally (p.o.) received (1 ml/kg saline). The second experimental group was given gentamicin (80 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days. Third and fourth groups were given aqueous extract of cardamom (100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) + gentamicin for 7 days, respectively. The degree of hepatoprotection was measured using serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, albumin, and lipid profile levels. In the acute liver damage induced by gentamicin, cardamom aqueous extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of AST, ALT, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol) in gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity. Also cardamom aqueous extracts (100 & 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the lowered serum levels of albumin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) in gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity rats. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues supported the hepatoprotection. Our findings concluded that cardamom aqueous extracts possessed hepatoprotective activity against gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

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Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats

AAS Open Research ◽

10.12688/aasopenres.12967.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽

Eka B. Essien ◽

Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Biochemical Assays ◽

Before And After ◽

Liver And Kidney

Background: This study evaluated the effect of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) smoothie on some biochemical parameters on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, known as dichlorvos)-exposed albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 rats of both sexes were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as the negative control and were not exposed to dichlorvos. Group II served as the positive control and were exposed to dichlorvos but received no smoothie. Group III received 500 mg/kg body weight beetroot smoothie and was not exposed to dichlorvos. Groups IV and V were exposed to dichlorvos but received beetroot before and after exposure, respectively. At the end of the 6-week experiment, the animals were euthanized, the blood samples collected for some biochemical assays while the organs (kidney and liver) were harvested and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: From the biochemical assay, it was observed that the beetroot smoothies regulated and significantly reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine observed in the animals that were exposed to dichlorvos. Additionally, the beetroot was able to regenerate the liver and kidney organs that were damaged on exposure to dichlorvos. Conclusion: This study concluded that beetroot smoothie possesses hepato-protective, hepato-curative as well as nephro-curative properties.

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Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens leaves ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-021-03455-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽

Ayomide Micheal Ola-Awe ◽

Omotola Grace Fatile

Keyword(s):

Kidney Diseases ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Mucuna Pruriens ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Initial Exposure ◽

Group I ◽

Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background Mucuna pruriens (L.) has been used for the treatment of several ailments in folkloric medicine. The present study therefore investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of its leaves extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Methodology Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Results Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Extract of M. pruriens leaves restored deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in the liver and kidney with similar potency to silymarin. Hence, leaf extract of M. pruriens is a potential hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agent that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

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Pregabalin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pancreatic Inflammation in Aged Rats

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530319666190306095532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1141-1147 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ozlem Ozmen ◽

Senay Topsakal

Keyword(s):

Caspase 3 ◽

Pancreatic Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Aged Rats ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Group I

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine pancreatic pathology and the prophylactic effects of pregabalin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced sepsis model in aged rats. Methods: Twenty-four female, one-year-old, Wistar Albino rats were assigned to three groups; Group I (control), Group II (study group: 5mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal, single dose) and Group III(treatment group: 5mg/kg LPS+30 mg/kg oral pregabalin one hour before LPS). Animals were sacrificed by exsanguination 6 hours after LPS administration. Blood and pancreatic tissue samples were collected for biochemical, pathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: LPS caused increases in serum amylase and lipase level but led to a reduction in glucose levels. Following histopathological analysis, numerous neutrophil leucocyte infiltrations were observed in vessels and pancreatic tissues. Increased caspase-3 expression was observed in both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas in the LPS group. Similarly, IL-6, caspase-3 (Cas-3), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and serum amyloid-A (SAA) expressions were increased by LPS. Pregabalin improved biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. Conclusion: This study showed that LPS causes pathological findings in the pancreas, but pregabalin has ameliorative effects in aged rats with sepsis. Cas-3, IL-6, iNOS, G-CSF, and SAA all play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced pancreatic damage.

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Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on pesticide dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats

AAS Open Research ◽

10.12688/aasopenres.12967.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽

Eka B. Essien ◽

Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Biochemical Assays ◽

Before And After ◽

Liver And Kidney

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Pre-treatment effects against the diclofenac-induced toxicity by the aqueous leaf extract of Madhuca longifolia on female Wistar albino rats for 10 and 15 days

Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ◽

10.35118/apjmbb.2020.028.4.11 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 132-143

Author(s):

Jerine Peter Simon ◽

Sibi Karthik Saravanan ◽

Jayashree Sathiyaranayanan ◽

Radhakrishnan Vidya ◽

Usha Kumari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Group I ◽

Madhuca Longifolia ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Enzyme Markers

Diclofenac is used to treat rheumatism disorders, which are associated with the damages of renal, gastric and hepatic organs. Diclofenac is a pharmaceutical drug that is known to induce toxicity on its overdosage and long-term usage. Madhuca longifolia is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity. It is an evergreen tree that is reported to have many ethnomedicinal uses. The other properties of Madhuca longifolia include anti-diabetic, analgesic and anti-microbial activities. Our study aims to evaluate the pre-treatment activity against the diclofenac-induced toxicity by the Madhuca longifolia aqueous leaf extract in Wistar albino rats for 10 and 15 days. Rats were divided as Group-I: Normal control, Group-II: Diclofenac on the last two days, Group-III and group-IIIa: Diclofenac + Aqueous Leaf Extract of Madhuca longifolia, Group-IV and group-IVb: Diclofenac + Silymarin, Group -V and group-Va: Aqueous Madhuca longifolia leaf extract. After the sacrifice, the rats were studied for antioxidant assay, renal enzyme markers, liver enzyme markers, and histopathological analysis of the kidney, stomach, intestine, and liver. As a result, we could identify that Madhuca longifolia has reduced the toxic changes in rats caused by diclofenac.

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HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF N-MIRACLE (POLYHERBAL FORMULATION) AGAINST ETHANOL INDUCED TOXICITY IN MALE ALBINO RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i12.39672 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

MEENATCHI SUNDARAM ANGAPPAN

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Treated Group ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Hepatic Regeneration ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Ether Anesthesia ◽

Polyherbal Formulation ◽

Group I ◽

Ameliorative Effect

Objective: The aim of this current study is to investigate the hepatoprotective efficacy of N-Miracle (a polyherbal formulation) against ethanol-induced toxicity in male albino rats. Methods: Male Wistar albino rats weighing 150-200 g were used for the study. A total of 30 male albino rats were selected, divided into five groups. Ethanol-induced liver damage was done on Group III, IV, and V. Group I and Group II served as a normal and drug (N-Miracle) control. After the treatment period, the rats were anaesthetized by light ether anesthesia in a lethal chamber. Hepatic biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, histopathological examination are carried out to document the hepatoprotective effect of N-Miracle (Polyherbal formulation). Results: The results of the present study demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of Aspartate Aminotransaminase (AST), Alanine Aminotransaminase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in ethanol-induced rats as compared to normal and drug control Groups. The level of total protein and albumin were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in ethanol-treated rats. The toxic impact of ethanol was found to be restored in rats treated with N-Miracle (Polyherbal formulation). The present study also exhibited the enzymatic antioxidant efficacy of N-Miracle (Polyherbal formulation) against ethanol-induced toxicity in rats by increasing the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and decreasing the activity of Glutathione-S-transferase in the liver. The findings are also correlated with histopathological examination of N-Miracle treated group, which shows hepatic regeneration and decrease in degradation of hepatocytes. Conclusion: This study could provide a possible explanation to hepatotoxicity resulting from exposure to ethanol. The findings of the present study revealed the ameliorative effect of N-Miracle (Polyherbal formulation) against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by improving the liver function, increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes and restoring the morphological features of the liver.

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