scholarly journals In vivo Antioxidant Effects of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Water Extract in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
O. J. Mba ◽  
U. I. Edward ◽  
O. A. Aja ◽  
I. E. Atiaetuk ◽  
M. K. Ndukwe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the invivo antioxidant effects of coconut (Cocos nucifera) water extract in wistar albino rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) male wistar albino rats of mean weight 128 g were used for the study. The animals for the study were grouped into five (5) of six (6) rats each. Group 1 served as the normal control group that received feed and water only while groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 served as the test groups that were orally given 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml, and 40 ml of the coconut water extract for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed after 28 days and the blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis.  Results: From the result obtained there is a significant increase (p< 0.05) between the normal control group (group 1) and the test group (group 2) that received 20 ml of the coconut water extract for MDA. There is a significant increase (p< 0.05) between the normal control group (group 1) and the test groups (groups 2 and 5) that received 10 ml and 50 ml of the coconut water extract for SOD. Also, there is a significant increase (p< 0.05) between the normal control group (group 1) and the test groups (groups 2, 3 and 4) that received 20 ml, 30 ml and 40 ml of the coconut water extract for Catalase. For GSH and Vitamin C, there is a significant increase (p< 0.05) between the normal control group (group 1) and the test groups (groups 2, 3, 4 and 5) that were orally given 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml and 40 ml of the coconut water extract. Conclusion: The present investigation showed that the coconut water extract increased antioxidant properties in wistar albino rats and may also be used pharmacologically in the treatment of diseases implicated by free radicals.

scholarly journals Some Toxicological Studies of Methanol Leaves Extract Lannea acida in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Jude Nwaogu ◽  
Aminu Umar Argungu ◽  
Sadiq Abubakar Sifawa
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Chronic Dose ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Chronic Study ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Control Group Group

Aim: The current study determined phytochemical constituents evaluated the acute and sub-chronic toxic profiles of Lannea acida methanol leaves extract (LAMLE) in Wistar albino rats Methodology: The phytochemical screening of LAMLE was conducted using standard methods. A total of 31 male albino rats were used for the antioxidant studies. A total of 31 male albino rats were used for the toxicological study. The LD50 was determined using six (6) rats according to OECD, 2001 using fixed limit dose. For the sub-chronic study, the rats were divided into five (5) groups of five (5) rats. Control group (group 1) received distilled water orally 2ml/kg. Groups (2-5) received doses of 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg of the extracts. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloids and Steroids. The LD50 of the extract was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg. There were significant reduction in the concentration of ALT, ALP and ALB (P<.05) in the group that received the highest dose of the extract when compared to the normal control while other liver biomarkers were not significantly different (P>0.05) from the control. The sub-chronic dose of 2000mg/kg of the extracts shows significant (P<.05) decrease in all kidney function biomarkers except chloride when compared to the control. The haematological parameters (WBC, RBC, HGB, Neutruphils) showed a significant decrease in Group 5 when compared to the normal control group while MCV and lymphocytes showed significant decrease (P<.05) when compared to the control.   Conclusion: The result suggests that the methanol leaves extracts of Lannea acida is relatively safe and can be used in medicinal formulations.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Linalool in Rats Against Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulya Altınok-Yipel ◽  
İbrahim Ozan Tekeli ◽  
Şule Yurdagül Özsoy ◽  
Mehmet Güvenç ◽  
Alpaslan Kaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group 1

Abstract. This study aimed to investigate and compare hepatoprotective activity of Coriandrum sativum (Cs) and it is major component linalool (Ln) against experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Essential oil of Cs was isolated by hydrodistillation method and chemical composition was determined by GS-MS analysis. 42 male Wistar Albino rats were divited into 7 groups each containing 6. The experimental groups were designed as: Normal control group, 1 ml/kg CCl4administirated group, 25 mg/kg Silymarin and CCl4administirated group, 100 and 200 mg/kg Cs and CCl4administirated groups, 100 and 200 mg/kg Ln and CCl4administered groups. The protective activities were determined according to the results of liver biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP), antioxidant parameters (GSH, GPx, CAT), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and histopathological examination. Linalool percentage of Cs was 81.6%. The groups treated with linalool (100 and 200 mg/kg) (p < 0.01) and coriander (200 mg/kg) (p < 0.05) had significantly reduced AST (262–375) and ALT (101–290) levels (U/L) compared to the CCl4(600–622) group. The levels (nmol/g protein) of MDA (11–12) were significantly lower (p < 0.01), the levels of GSH (11–12) and the activities of CAT (23–24) were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in linalool groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) compared to the CCl4(18-5-10 respectively) group. These results were also supported by histopathological findings and indicate that Cs and Ln shows hepatoprotective activity against liver damage. In this regard, evaluation of activities of major components are needed to compare to medicinal plants in experimental diseases models.

scholarly journals Body Weight and Platelet Count Changes in Zidovudine Administered Wistar Albino Rats Treated with Ethanolic Extracts of Annona muricata and Fagara zanthoxyloide

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ekere, Oghenekaro Uchechukwu ◽  
Ikpeama, Utomoibor Evelyn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Zidovudine administration either in single or fixed-dose combination usually results in a decrease in body weight and in some cases thrombocytopenia. The present study investigated the body weight and platelet count changes observed in zidovudine pre-administered Wistar albino rats on treatment with ethanolic extracts of the leaves Annona muricata (AM) and roots of Fagara zanthoxyloide (FZ). Plants samples were collected from Alakahia community, Rivers state and Opoo community, Ogun state; while Wistar albino rats were grouped into normal control, negative control (receiving zidovudine at 100 g/ml/Kg bw), AM and FZ extract treatment (at 4.5 and 3.8 g/ml/Kg B.W respectively) groups with analysis performed bi-weekly. All tests were performed using standard procedures with all reagents of analytic grade. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed significantly high amounts of alkaloids (10.47- 21.15 mg / 100 g), phenols (10.60-15.22 mg / 100 g) and tannins (14.23 - 50.19 mg / 100 g). The investigation into their proximate compositions also showed high fat (5.78 ± 0.02) in FZ, moisture (10.47 ± 0.05) in AM and fibre (7.37 ± 0.03) in FZ. The amino acid phenylalanine (5.10-6.01 g / 100 g), isoleucine (4.44-5.20 g / 100 g), lysine (4.03 -5.31 g / 100 g) was observed to be available in the extracts. In the normal control group body weight increased by 20.75 g at week 6 while administration of Zidovudine, resulted in a decreased in bodyweight by 1.14 g in week 2 and 3.32 g in week 6. Extract treatment caused a significant increase (p≤0.05) in body weight by 17.95g (AM) and 18.23g (FZ) at week 6. Platelet count was also observed to significantly decrease (p≤0.05) by 33.42% in the negative control group when compared to the normal control. This was observed to significant increases in extract treatment by 49.56% (AM) and 51.32% (FZ). The results thus suggest a possible beneficial effect of the extracts of AM and FZ in checkmating the weight and platelet loss observed as a side effect of zidovudine therapy as well as the possible use in haemorrhagic conditions to reduce bleeding without thromboembolism.

scholarly journals Effect of Amomum subulatum seeds against cypermethrin induced haematological changes in wistar albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Goutham Sagarkatte Puttanna ◽  
Purushotham K. ◽  
Swarnalatha Nayak ◽  
Eesha B. Rao ◽  
Ravi Mundugaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Amomum Subulatum ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Cypermethrin is a well know agricultural pesticide used in the developing countries. It is associated with significant toxic potential on human health. Hence the present study was aimed to evaluate the protective role of Amomum subulatum against cypermethrin induced haematalogical changes in Wistar albino rats.Methods: The albino rats were divided into five different groups of six rats each. Group I considered as normal control, group II cypermethrin control (25mg/kg body weight p.o.), group III only test drug and group IV and V administered with cypermethrin 25mg/kg body weight along test drug 1.08 and 2.16mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. At the end of 28th day blood was withdrawn and total haematalogical parameters were estimated.Results: In the cypermethrin control there was significant reduction in the WBC, Platelet, MCHC and considerable reduction in the haemoglobulin concentration in comparison to normal control. The test drug administered at both dose levels was significantly reversed the cypermethrin induced changes in haematalogical parameters.Conclusions: Authors can conclude that the Amomum subulatum has potency to reverse the cypermethrin induced haematalogical changes.

scholarly journals Effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
White Vinegar ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

White vinegar is mildly acidic with a pH of 2-3 that has long been used as a relish and traditional medication that depends on its concentration. Yet even a small amount of white vinegar in a small concentration may cause serious poisoning. Recently, many sorts of white vinegar have been developed using fundamental sources and technologies to satisfy customer needs. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats. Thirty female rats were used, they were divided into three groups, group 1 was given distilled water as the normal control group, group 2 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (5 %)) and group 3 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (10 %)) for two weeks. PAS stain in all treated tissues showed a decrease in carbohydrate contents when compared with the control group. In conclusion, white vinegar consumption has adverse effects on carbohydrate contents in hepatic and renal tissues in rats, hence the quantity of white vinegar should be discouraged or reduced.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antihypercholesterolemic Potential of Swietenia mahagoni Leaf Extract

Cholesterol ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Yelaware Puttaswamy ◽  
Asna Urooj
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

The present investigation aims to evaluate antihypercholesterolemic potential of Swietenia mahagoni leaf aqueous extract (MAE) in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rat model. In the study, Wistar albino rats (170–220 g) were segregated into 5 groups; all the groups except normal control group were given high fat diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. After induction of cholesterolemia, normal control and positive control groups were treated with saline, statin group was treated with atorvastatin, and remaining two groups received MAE in two doses (250 and 500 mg kg−1 BW) for a treatment period of one month. After the treatment period, weight of rats was recorded and they were anesthetized and decapitated. Blood samples were taken and triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, malondialdehyde (MDA), and urea were determined. Liver and kidney were taken for the estimation of lipid peroxides. The positive control group showed higher values of triglycerides (109±5.1 mg/dL), total cholesterol (134±4.6 mg/dL), LDL-C (44±1.2 mg/dL), MDA, and bile acid content when compared to a normal control group (triglycerides (89±3.2 mg/dL), total cholesterol (72±3.4 mg/dL), and LDL-C (28±1.2 mg/dL)). Treatment with MAE decreased the cholesterol levels, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels and the effect was dependent on the dose. The results of this study indicated that MAE possesses hypolipidemic potential and thus could be useful in the treatment of hypercholesterolemic condition.

scholarly journals Effects of ethanolic extracts of Datura metel on blood lipid profile of male albino rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode A. Arowora ◽  
Chinedu Imo ◽  
Chukwuma S. Ezeonu ◽  
Zuhairah I. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> This study was carried out to investigate the effects of <em>Datura metel (</em>leaf, seed and fruit<em>)</em> on blood lipid profile of male albino rats.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty-five albino rats (8 weeks old) weighing between 66g and 84g were purchased and randomly allotted into 7 groups. The normal control (group 1) received normal saline, while groups 2 to 7 received extracts of <em>Datura metel</em> at low (300 mg/kg body weight) and high doses (600 mg/kg body weight). The extracts were administered orally for seven consecutive days, while the animals were sacrificed on the 8th day; blood samples were collected, allowed to stand for fifteen minutes and then centrifuged.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There was a general decreasing trend in the mean values of low density lipoprotein levels across  the groups, however, group 7 (with lowest value) was found to be significantly lower (p &lt;0.05) than other groups when compared with the normal control. Also, there was a general decreasing trend in the values of high density lipoprotein compared with normal control group, however lowest value was recorded to be 1.35±0.06 mmol/l for group 5. There were no significant differences (p &gt;0.05) in triglyceride levels across the groups, while total cholesterol in groups 5 and 6 had significant differences with values of 2.05±0.06 mmol/l and 2.13±0.10 mmol/l respectively when compared with the normal control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study suggests that ethanolic extracts of<em> Datura metel </em>have active ingredients that are capable of improving blood lipid profile and this might be useful in the management of cardiovascular diseases. </p>

scholarly journals Effect of Tamarindus indica juice intake on some oxidative stress markers in carbon tetrachloride induced rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
N.S. Sadi ◽  
S.M. Abubakar ◽  
A. Ibrahim ◽  
A.M. Umar ◽  
A.M. Gadanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Stress Markers

Tamarind tree is a multipurpose tree of which almost every part finds at least some use, either nutritional or medicinal. Due to its pleasant acidic taste and rich aroma, the pulp is widely used for domestic and industrial purpose. A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Tamarind juice intake in CCl4 induced oxidative stress albino rats. The Proximate, antinutrient, and Phytochemical contents of tamarind juice were analyzed using standard AOAC methods while mineral contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Oxidative stress markers were also analyzed using colorimetric assay kit. The serum levels of oxidative stress markers were compared between the normal and test groups. Experimental rats were divided into five groups: Normal control group, negative control (CCl4) group, standard drug (Vitamin C) group, tamarind low and high dose group. At the end of the experiment, significant increase in malondialdehyde level and decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and glutathione Peroxidase activities were recorded in CCl4-exposed rats as compared to normal control group. In the tamarind supplemented groups, the level of MDA along with the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx were comparable with the normal control rats (p>0.05). Thus, it appears that tamarind juice ameliorate the effect of CCl4; suggesting that consumption of natural compounds with an antioxidant profile may be a preventive alternative to those diseases associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Histopathological Evaluation of the Methanol Extract of Napoleonae imperialis Leaves against Methotrexate-Induced Renal Damage in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
O. J. Mba ◽  
C. E. Odo ◽  
P. C. Chikezie ◽  
U. I. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
Significant Pathology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves against methotrexate renal histology in albino rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) male albino rats of mean weight 130 g were used for this study. The animals for the study were grouped into five (5) of six (6) rats each. Group A received feed and water only and Group B was induced with methotrexate without treatment. Groups (C and D) were orally given 250 mg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of leaves extract, and group E was orally given the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt) respectively for 28 days. All the rats used in this study were initially subjected to renal damage using 0.5 ml/kg of methotrexate except the normal control group. The rats were sacrificed after 28 days, and the kidney were carefully dissected from the abdominal region. They were fixed in normal saline for 72 hours and sliced into a thickness of 2.1mm samples of and processed for histopathological examination. Results: The photomicrographs result showed that in group A, (normal control group) evenly distributed glomeruli of smaller size, with normal mesangial cellularity. In group B, (positive control group) there is a significant pathology and mild interstitial inflammation. In groups (C and D) (tests group that received 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt of the extract) there is no significant pathology, in group E, there is no significant pathology. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the leaves extract may have exerted nephroprotective effects in albino rats, and may also be used pharmacologically in the management of organ toxicity.

scholarly journals Effect of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.) Seed Oil on Liver and Kidney Biomakers of Albino Rat

2021 ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Jude Nwaogu ◽  
Isah Musa Fakai ◽  
Ibrahim Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Vegetable oil has been used for cocking and ethnomedicinal purpose in developing countries. The aim of this research was to determine the toxicological effect of Balanites aegytiaca seed oil in albino rats. Acute and sub chronic toxicological evaluations were carried out on albino rats. The albino rats were divided into six experimental groups (n = 6 albino rats/ group). Five different doses of Balanites aegytiaca seed oil; 1000mg/kg, 2000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg and 5000mg/kg were administered orally (gavage) to groups 2 – 6 respectively, once per day for 28 consecutive days. While control group received saline with Tween® 80 2%. Standard laboratory methods were used to assess liver and kidney functions indices. The acute toxicity screening revealed that the Balanite aegyptiaca seed oil (BASO) was non-toxic with LD 50 above 5000mg/kg. The liver function test parameters revealed non-significant (p>0.05) difference in serum AST and ALT activities between control group and treated groups. However, there is significant (p<0.05) increased of serum ALP activity in treated groups when compared to normal control group. Serum albumin concentration significantly (p<0.05) decreased in treated groups when compared to normal control group.  No significant difference (P>0.05) in the concentration of total protein, total and direct bilirubin observed in treated groups when compared to normal control group. While kidney function test parameters showed alterations in serum creatinine and Potassium concentrations in treated groups compared to normal control group. Oral administration of B. aegyptiaca seed oil for 21 days did not displayed signs organs damage. The results suggest that prolonged consumption of Balanites aegytiaca seed oil could not cause adverse effects on the liver and kidney organs.

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