scholarly journals In vivo Approach: Potential Diuretic Activity of M. charantia Linn. on Alloxan Induced Albino Wistar Rats in Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Umesh B. Wahul ◽  
Ambadas S. Kadam ◽  
Laxmikant H. Kamble ◽  
Ayaz S. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Insight Into

The screening of perfect diuretics for non –clinical utility in Diabetes mellitus is a relatively novel approach which gain insight into underlying the pathophysiological processes. This study aim to evaluate the diuretic effect of crude aqueous & alcoholic extract of M. charantia Linn. using Albino Wistar Rat model. The methodology of animal study includes the spectral analysis of Na+, K+, Cl-concentration against the body weight, this was done by spectrophotometry. In this study, the comparative observation of Diuretic activity with standard and extracted compound has shown that the estimated 24‐hour urine contains the Na+-3.82 g, 3.82 g, 3.92 g  and K+-1.35 g, 1.39 g, 1.48 gwt. For Vehicle control, Standard drug, and Extracted compound respectively. Which possess the favouring result means from the spot urine were 10.7±7.0 g/24 hand 3.9±2.1 g/24 h, respectively. Coefficients were 0.035, 0.022, 0.046 at (d±2SD=7.07 g, 4.42 gand 8.92 g) for sodium chloride and 0.068, 0.031, 0.046 at (d ± 2SD = 4.92 g, 2.31 g and 3.34 g) for potassium chloride. The present study guide formulation of non-clinical trials with statistical study to further measuring the claimed efficacy of M. charantia as a natural remedy for diabetes mellitus.

In-vivo evaluation of lipid lowering ability of Chloris paraguaiensis extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Control

Hyperlipidemia is the immediate results of the excessive fat intake in food. This results in the elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. This leads to heart conditions like CAD, hypertension, congestive heart failure as risk factors which can be lethal. There are many drugs to treat and control the lipids levels in the body. These drugs are either designed to prevent LDL accumulation and VLDL synthesis. Some drugs also lower the elevated levels of saturated lipids in the body. But many drugs are known to cause side effects and adverse effects; therefore, alternatives to the drugs are the subjects for current investigations. Herbs and medicinal plants are used as treatment sources for many years. They have been used in the Indian medical systems like Ayurveda, Siddha etc. As the application of herbs in the treatment is growing, there is an urgent need for the establishment of Pharmacological reasoning and standardization of the activity of the medicinal plants. Chloris paraguaiensis Steud. is Poyaceae member that is called locally as Uppugaddi. Traditionally it is used to treat Rheumatism, Diabetes, fever and diarrhoea. The chemical constituents are known to have anti-oxidant properties and most of the anti-oxidants have anti-hyperlipidemic activity too. Since the plant has abundant flavonoid and phenol content, the current research focusses on the investigation of the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the plant Chloris extracts. Extracts of Chloris at 200mg/kg showed a comparably similar anti hyperlipidemia activity to that of the standard drug. The extracts showed a dose based increase in the activity at 100 and 200mg/kg body weight.

Hypoglycemic Activity of Methanol Fraction of Tectona grandis (Linn) Bark in Experimental Rat Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 4247-4252
Author(s):  
Bishwanath Mishra ◽  
Durga M. Kar ◽  
Laxmidhar Maharana ◽  
Sujit Dash ◽  
Ganesh P. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Single Dose Study ◽  
Dose Study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a now a major global health problem and its incidence is increasing day by day in whole world. There are various medicinal plants in India those possess antidiabetic property which are traditionally used in management of diabetes. Tectona grandis Linn. (TG) plant belonging to family Verbenaceae is medicinally reported and claims to cure various diseases in Indian traditional system of medicine (Ayurveda) and also in folklore. The purpose of this present study is to examine the hypoglycemic potential of methanol fractions (50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight) of Tectona grandis bark (MFTG) from defatted hydro-alcoholic extract in normoglycemic, streptozotocin induced (45mg.kg‒1) diabetic and glucose loaded hyperglycemic rats by single and multiple oral administration in comparison to standard drug Glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Initially acute oral toxicity study of MFTG was carried out in rats to estimate the dose for animal study. The study report showed that the MFTG (200mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.01) reduces blood glucose level both in normoglycemic and diabetic rats induced by Streptozotocin and oral glucose loaded methods till the end of 8 hour and 3hour respectively during the single dose study and from the 15th day to 30th day in multi dose study. Hence the present study reveals that MFTG possess significant hypoglycemic activity which inspires the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

The Stability of Veins Under Torsion

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R. Garcia ◽  
Hai-Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
The Stability

Twisted veins are observed throughout the body and are often associated with health risks such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus [1]. Recently, it has been shown that veins will buckle and become tortuous when lumen pressure exceeds a critical value [2]. However, veins also undergo twist deformations in vivo due to body movement, vein grafting, and microanastomosis procedures which may lead to reduced patency, kinking, and thrombus formation [3, 4]. In spite of this, little data is available regarding the stability of veins when subject to twist deformations. Therefore, it is of clinical interest to investigate the mechanical stability of veins under torsion.

Chromium, Nickel and Iron as clues to the formation histories of exoplanetary bodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Buchan ◽  
Amy Bonsor ◽  
Oliver Shorttle ◽  
Jon Wade ◽  
John Harrison
Keyword(s):  
White Dwarfs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subsequent Evolution ◽  
Geological Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Geological Constraints ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Key Parameter

&lt;p&gt;We are now entering an era of rocky exoplanet detection. To determine whether an exoplanet is &amp;#8216;Earth-like&amp;#8217;, we must estimate not only its mass, radius and insolation, but also its geological composition. These geological constraints have wide ranging implications, not least for a planet&amp;#8217;s subsequent evolution and habitability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Polluted white dwarfs which have accreted fragments of planetary material provide a unique opportunity to probe exoplanetary interiors. We can also learn about their formation histories, including the geological process of core-mantle differentiation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cr, Ni and Fe behave differently during differentiation, depending on the conditions under which it occurs. This alters the Cr/Fe and Ni/Fe ratios in the core and mantle of differentiated bodies. The pressure inside the body is a key parameter, and depends on the body&amp;#8217;s size.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In our work, we present a novel approach for modelling this behaviour and use it to gain crucial insight into the sizes of exoplanetary bodies which pollute white dwarfs.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Effects of Plant Flavonoids: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Foo Sok Yen ◽  
Chan Shu Qin ◽  
Sharryl Tan Shi Xuan ◽  
Puah Jia Ying ◽  
Hong Yi Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Multiple Organs

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with chronic high blood glucose levels, and it is associated with defects in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. It is also a major public issue, affecting the world's population. This disease contributes to long-term health complications such as dysfunction and failure of multiple organs, including nerves, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and eyes. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds found in nature and usually present as secondary metabolites in plants, vegetables, and fungi. Flavonoids possess many health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and naturally occurring flavonoids contribute to antidiabetic effects.Many studies conducted in vivo and in vitro have proven the hypoglycemic effect of plant flavonoids. A large number of studies showed that flavonoids hold positive results in controlling the blood glucose level in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and further prevent the complications of diabetes. The future development of flavonoid-based drugs is believed to provide significant effects on diabetes mellitus and diabetes complication diseases. This review aims at summarizing the various types of flavonoids that function as hyperglycemia regulators such as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and glucose cotransporters in the body. This review article discusses the hypoglycemic effects of selected plant flavonoids namely quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, naringenin, fisetin, and morin. Four search engines, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder, are used to collect the data.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Pigmented Rice and Impact on Health

JURNAL PANGAN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Arfina Sukmawati Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Sources

The high number of free radicals that are not balanced with the amount of antioxidants in the body triggers oxidative stress. Oxidative stress causes impaired vascular function, damage to proteins and lipids in membrane cell, and nucleic acid (DNA) mutations. Chronic cell damage has a negative effect on tissue that triggers various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and others), cataracts, retinal damage, maculopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, stroke, diabetes mellitus , immunodepression, cancer, aging, hyperoxia, dermatitis, and others. The application of a healthy lifestyle for example by consuming food sources of bioactive compounds can minimize health risks. Rice is the staple food of the Indonesian people. Some types of rice contain red and black pigments which are known to have high antioxidant activity compared to white rice. The pigment comes from anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. Various studies in vitro and in vivo prove that anthocyanin and proantocyanidine act as antioxidants and potency as a preventative for various diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, and etc.

scholarly journals Evidence of the hypoglycemic capacity of some natural products for the alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Karla Guadalupe Perez-Avila ◽  
Cruz Vargas-De-León ◽  
José Antonio Morales-González ◽  
Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is characterized by the chronic presence of blood glucose levels caused by a defect in the secretion of insulin or in the action of this hormone in the body which must be treated integrally with a multidisciplinary approach. The natural treatment of this disease is a common practice around the world, especially in Latin America, there are several clinical studies, in vivo or in vitro assays that focus on assessing the hypoglycemic capacity of various natural products used empirically by the population for years for the phytotherapeutic treatment of the disease as well as the chemicals related to the mechanism of action that produces the hypoglycaemic effect. In the present article, a brief review of the evidence of the hypoglycemic capacity of some natural products for the alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus 2

scholarly journals In-vivo Hypoglycemic Activity of Grewia asiatica Fruit Extract in Streptozotocin Mediated Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Zuneera Akram ◽  
Aisha Noreen ◽  
Muzammil Hussain ◽  
Maryam Inayat ◽  
Sobia Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Glucose Levels

Diabetes mellitus has high global prevalence and occurrence and is considered to bean endocrinological and/or metabolic disorder. Conventional drug treatment is costly and has toxic side effects, although it is successful in treating diabetes mellitus. If effective and less toxic, herbal medicine will thus include alternative therapy. This research has been designed to investigate the role of Grewia asiatica extract in the control of diabetes in male albino rats with Streptozotocin mediated type 2 diabetes. Grewia asiatica fruit extract at a dose of 200mg/kg was given to Streptozotocin mediated type II DM Rats. A known anti-diabetic drug, Glibenclamide has been used as a standard drug. The method of the research was to monitor the effect of Grewia asiatica on the blood glucose level of Rats. In this study, Rats were split into four categories i.e. Control, Streptozotocin treated, Streptozotocin + Glibenclamide treated and Streptozotocin +Grewia asiatica extract-treated group.  Grewia asiatica fruit extract significantly improve the blood glucose levels as compared to the standard drug Glibenclamide in Streptozotocin mediated diabetic group. Conclusion: It was concluded that Grewia asiatica may be used in the treatment of diabetes or decreasing the elevated level of blood sugar.

scholarly journals IN VIVO STUDY OF GLUCOSE AND PROTEIN LEVELS USING THE DIABETIC WISTAR RAT MODEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
Goshen D. Miteu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Post Induction

Background and Aims The diabetic animal model was developed as a type for studies in vivo because of the death rates in many countries associated with the prevalence of diabetes, this disease is a respecter of no person. This study assessed and compared total protein and albumin concentration, basal fasting blood sugar and post induction fasting blood sugar levels in rat model. Methods Qualitative and Quantitative test and analysis were carried to assess the levels of albumin and total protein and their absorbance levels were read and recorded in g/dL, while the fasting blood sugar was determined using the glucometer strip method at intervals and recorded in mg/dL. Group A served as the negative, non-diabetic control for the study and they were fed normally with water without inducing diabetes while Group B served as the positive control, diabetic untreated group where Diabetes mellitus was induced using 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan and left untreated. Results Plasma total protein in diabetic Wistar rat (8.44 ±4.39 g/dl) did not change significantly (P>0.05) compared with the control Wistar rat (10.04 ± 4.14). However, the level of 1-week post-induction FBS in diabetic Wistar rat (475.75 ± 66.74 mg/dl) was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to that of the control (85.0 ± 6.7 mg/dl). Conclusions Protein levels may not change within a week after developing diabetes mellitus and as such should not be the sole biomarker to test for diabetes.

scholarly journals TPGS-Stabilized Curcumin Nanoparticles Exhibit Superior Effect on Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation in Wistar Rat

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heni Rachmawati ◽  
Dewi Safitri ◽  
Aditya Trias Pradana ◽  
I Ketut Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Curcumin Nanoparticles ◽  
Edema Model ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 1000 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol compound derived from the rhizome of the Curcuma genus, has a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological applications. Previously, curcumin nanoparticles with different stabilizers had been produced successfully in order to enhance solubility and per oral absorption. In the present study, we tested the anti-inflammatory effect of D-&alpha;-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-stabilized curcumin nanoparticles in vivo. Lambda-carrageenan (&lambda;-carrageenan) was used to induce inflammation in rats; it was given by an intraplantar route and intrapelurally through surgery in the pleurisy test. In the &lambda;-carrageenan-induced edema model, TPGS-stabilized curcumin nanoparticles were given orally one hour before induction and at 0.5, 4.5, and 8.5 h after induction with two different doses (1.8 and 0.9 mg/kg body weight (BW)). Sodium diclofenac with a dose of 4.5 mg/kg BW was used as a standard drug. A physical mixture of curcumin-TPGS was also used as a comparison with a higher dose of 60 mg/kg BW. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed on the edema in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model and by the volume of exudate as well as the number of leukocytes reduced in the pleurisy test. TPGS-stabilized curcumin nanoparticles with lower doses showed better anti-inflammatory effects, indicating the greater absorption capability through the gastrointestinal tract.

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