scholarly journals Haemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocine-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Ethanol Extract of a Herbal Mixture (Aju Mbaise)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. T. Nnadiukwu ◽  
C. C. Monago-Ighorodje ◽  
L. C. Chuku
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Animal House

Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of Aju Mbaise herbal mixture on some haematological indices of diabetic Wistar albino rats. Sample: Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was estimated in diabetic rats treated with ethanol extract of Aju Mbaise herbal mixture. Study Design: In the course of the experiment, fifty-four (54) rats with initial weight range of 30 – 40 g were grouped into 6 of 9 rats per group. The first group served as the normal control (NC) while the remaining five groups were induced with diabetes type 2 using high-fat diet for 8 weeks and streptozotocin at 35 mg/kg body weight. Group II served as the diabetic control while the remaining groups (III, IV, V & VI) were treated with metformin and three different concentrations of the plant extract respectively. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Animal house of the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, between July 2018 and January 2019. Methodology: The haemoglobin and packed cell volume were estimated after 4th, 8th and 12th week of treatment using MINDRAY Auto-Haematology analyzer. Results: From the results obtained, it was observed that the diabetic control group has a PCV and haemoglobin concentration that is significantly (P<.05) lower when compared to that of the normal control group and the other treated groups. Conclusion: The study has shown that Aju Mbaise herbal mixture is a haematopoietic agent as it had the tendency to synthesize blood cells.

scholarly journals Farrerol ameliorates diabetic hepatopathy in rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus via modulation of oxidativeinflammatory stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Li Dong ◽  
Lixia Yang ◽  
Fengsui Liu ◽  
Haitao Zhan ◽  
Xinwei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tnf Α

Purpose: To investigate the effect of farrerol on diabetic hepatopathy in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomly assigned to four groups of ten rats each: normal control, diabetic control, farrerol control and treatment groups. With the exception of normal control and farrerol control groups, the rats were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for four weeks, and thereafter injected streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (i.p.) for induction of T2DM. Rats in farrerol control and treatment groups received 50 mg/kg farrerol orally/day. Serum levels of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein  cholesterol (HDL-C) and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed in liver homogenate while mRNA and protein expressions of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were assayed in liver using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were also determined using qRT-PCR.Results: Diabetes mellitus (DM) led to significant reductions in rat body weight and SOD activity, while increasing fasting blood glucose (FBG) and MDA levels (p < 0.05). However, treatment with farrerol significantly reversed the effect of DM on these parameters (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher in diabetic control group than in normal control group, but were significantly reduced after farrerol treatment (p < 0.05). Treatment with farrerol also significantly reversed the effect of DM on rat lipid profile (p < 0.05). The expression of GLUT2 protein was significantly downregulated in the liver of diabetic control rats, when compared with normal control rats, but was significantly upregulated after treatment with farrerol (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study show that farrerol alleviates STZ-induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia via reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation, and upregulation of GLUT2 protein expression. Thus, farrerol has antidiabetic and hepatoprotective potentials for clinical use in  humans. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Farrerol, Hepatopathy, High-fat diet

scholarly journals Influence of Antioxidant Supplementation on High Fat Diet-Streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
L. C. Chuku ◽  
N. C. Chinaka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diabetic Control Group

The influenceof antioxidant supplementation on high fat diet-streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in Wistar albino rats was investigated. Appropriate (RDA) proportions of some antioxidant rich substances which includes; vitamins (A, B3, B6, B12, C and E), minerals (calcium, selenium, chromium, magnesium, potassium and zinc), α-lipoic acid, cinnamon powder, curcumin (Meriva®), cordyceps, resveratrol, quercetin, D-ribose-L-cysteine were pulled together in corn oil and stored at 4°C for use. Serum glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidise (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured using standard methods. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 20.0 and significant level was set at P≤0.05. Results of in vitro oxidative stress indices and antioxidant enzyme activity indicate that after 4 weeks of treatment, there was no significant change (p≥0.05) in serum FBS levels of treated groups compared to the normal control group, but there was a significant decrease (p≤0.05) after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment when compared to the diabetic control group. There was no significant difference (p≥0.05) in the activities of antioxidant enzymes when compared to the normal control group, while in the diabetic control there was significant increase (p≤0.05) compared to the other groups. The results after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in serum GSH level of normal and treated groups compared to diabetic control group, whereas there was a significant decline (p≤0.05) in serum MDA level of treated and normal control groups when compared to diabetic control. The results therefore suggest that the supplement may possess significant (p≤0.05) free radical scavenging potentials which could be beneficial to health.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effect of Extract from Nelumbo Nucifera L., Morus Alba L., and Raphanus Sativus Mixture in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Obese Mice

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Sup Sim ◽  
Sun-Il Choi ◽  
Bong-Yeon Cho ◽  
Seung-Hyun Choi ◽  
Xionggao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat

The antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities of a mixture of Nelumbo nucifera L., Morus alba L., and Raphanus sativus were investigated and their anti-obesity activities were established in vitro and in vivo. Among the 26 different mixtures of extraction solvent and mixture ratios, ethanol extract mixture no. 1 (EM01) showed the highest antioxidant (α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic contents) and anti-adipogenic (Oil-Red O staining) activities. EM01 inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. Furthermore, body, liver, and adipose tissue weights decreased in the high-fat diet (HFD)-EM01 group compared to in the high-fat diet control group (HFD-CTL). EM01 lowered blood glucose levels elevated by the HFD. Lipid profiles were improved following EM01 treatment. Serum adiponectin significantly increased, while leptin, insulin growth factor-1, non-esterified fatty acid, and glucose significantly decreased in the HFD-EM01 group. Adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes were suppressed, while fat oxidation-related genes increased following EM01 administration. Thus, EM01 may be a natural anti-obesity agent.

scholarly journals Myricitrin Ameliorates Hyperglycemia, Glucose Intolerance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1870
Author(s):  
Do Yeon Kim ◽  
Sang Ryong Kim ◽  
Un Ju Jung
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression And Activity

To test the hypothesis that myricitrin (MYR) improves type 2 diabetes, we examined the effect of MYR on hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: non-diabetic, diabetic control, and MYR (0.005%, w/w)-supplemented diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by HFD and STZ, and MYR was administered orally for 5 weeks. Myricitrin exerted no significant effects on food intake, body weight, fat weight, or plasma lipids levels. However, MYR significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose intolerance, and increased pancreatic β-cell mass compared to the diabetic control group. Myricitrin administration also markedly increased glucokinase mRNA expression and activity as well as lowered glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA expression and activity in the liver. In addition, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride content, and lipid droplet accumulation were markedly decreased following MYR administration. These changes were seemingly attributable to the suppression of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes—fatty acid synthase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. Myricitrin also significantly lowered plasma MCP-1 and TNF-α levels and the mRNA expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory genes. These results suggest that MYR has anti-diabetic potential.

scholarly journals ANTI-ANAEMIC POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF MUCUNA PRURIENS ON PHENYLHYDRAZINE (PHZ) INDUCED ANAEMIC ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
Kasang Naman ◽  
Habibat Oseni ◽  
Emmanuel Enoh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group

The antianaemic potential of methanolic leaf extracts of Mucuna pruriens was investigated using phenylhydrazine (PHZ) induced anaemic albino Wistar rats.  Fifteen rats used for the study were randomized into five experimental groups. To induced anaemia, the rats (except the normal control, Group E), received 60 mg/kg of the haemolytic agent Phenylhydrazine intraperitoneally (i.p) for two consecutive days. Anaemic Wistar rats in groups A and B received a daily oral dose of 500 and 250 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens. Nweze et al. (2016) had reported a median lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/kg for the methanol leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens. Groups C and D received Vitamin B12 (10 mg/kg) and normal saline (1 ml/kg), respectively. Normal control rats also received normal saline (1 ml/kg). Extract or normal saline was administered per os (p.o) while vitamin B12 was administered i.p. for a duration of 21 days. Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration were determined weekly for three weeks. The result of the study indicated that both the methanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens and Vitamin B12 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations in treated rats compared to the negative control group of rats. This indicated that the methanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens has anti-anaemic properties and could be utilized in the management of anaemia

scholarly journals Pengaruh Waktu Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit (Mus musculus) Yang Diinduksi High Fat Diet Dan PTU

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Andy Susbandiyah Ifada ◽  
Rida Amelia ◽  
Dahlia Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Time Of Administration

ABSTRAKPerubahan pola makan menjadi tinggi lemak dan gula menyebabkan munculnya banyak masalah, salah satunya obesitas yang menjadi faktor resiko Diabetes Melitus tipe 2. Upaya pencegahan dan pengobatan dengan bahan alam menjadi pilihan, salah satunya dengan daun sirsak. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh waktu pemberian ekstrak etanol 70% daun sirsak (annona muricata L) terhadap kadar glukosa darah mencit yang diinduksi High Fat Diet (HFD) dan Propiltiourasil (PTU). Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental murni dengan rancangan pretest posttest with control group. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi empat kelompok yaitu kelompok yang tidak diinduksi (normal), kelompok yang diinduksi HFD dan PTU (negatif), kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol 70% daun sirsak sebelum induksi (P1), kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol 70% daun sirsak bersama induksi (P2). Hasil penelitian menunjukan rerata kadar glukosa darah kelompok negatif (120,33 ±12,307 mg/dL), P1 (115,33±7,312 mg/dL) dan P2 (94,00±10,677 mg/dL). Rerata kelompok negatif berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok P2 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,001 (α < 0,05). Kelompok P2 dan P1 berbeda bermakna dengan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,009 (α < 0,05). Sedangkan kelompok negatif dan P1 tidak berbeda signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa waktu pemberian ekstrak etanol 70% daun sirsak berpengaruh terhadap kadar glukosa darah mencit yang diinduksi HFD.Kata kunci : High Fat Diet; Glukosa Darah; Ekstrak etanol daun sirsakABSTRACTChanges in diet to be high fat and sugar cause many problems, one of them is obesity which is a risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Prevention and treatment with natural ingredients is an option, one of which is soursop leaves. The aim of the study was to determine whether the time of administration of ethanol extract 70% soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) had an effect on blood glucose levels of mice induced by High Fat Diet (HFD) and Propyltiouracil (PTU). This research is a pure experimental study with a pretest posttest with control group design. The animals were divided into four groups: the group that was not induced (normal), the group that was induced by HFD and PTU (negative), the group given 70% ethanol extract of soursop leaves before induction (P1), the group given 70% ethanol extract of soursop leaves while induction (P2). The result showed that average of blood glucose levels in the group negative control (120.33 ± 12.307 mg/dL), P1 (115.33 ± 7.312 mg/dL) and P2 (94.00 ± 10.677 mg/dL). The mean of the negative group was significantly different from the P2 group with a significance value of 0.001 (α <0.05). Group P2 and P1 differed significantly with a significance value of 0.009 (α <0.05). Meanwhile, the negative group and P1 did not differ significantly. It can be concluded that the time of administration of 70% ethanol extract of soursop leaves affects the blood glucose levels of mice that are induced by HFD and PTU.Keywords : High Fat Diet; Blood Glucose; Ethanol extract of soursop leaves.

Gut carbohydrate metabolism instead of fat metabolism regulated by gut microbes mediates high-fat diet-induced obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Li ◽  
D. Gu ◽  
N. Xu ◽  
F. Lei ◽  
L. Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the involvement of gut microbes in body weight gain of high-fat diet-fed obesity-prone (obese) and obesity-resistant (lean) mice. C57BL/6 mice were grouped into an obese group, a lean group and a normal control group. Both obese and lean mice were fed a high-fat diet while normal control mice were fed a normal diet; they were observed for six weeks. The results showed that lean mice had lower serum lipid levels, body fat and weight gain than obese mice. The ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities in liver as well as oxygen expenditure and rectal temperature of lean mice were significantly lower than in obese mice. As compared with obese mice, the absorption of intestinal carbohydrates but not of fats or proteins was significantly attenuated in lean mice. Furthermore, 16S rRNA abundances of faecal Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were significantly reduced in lean mice. In addition, faecal β-D-galactosidase activity and short chain fatty acid levels were significantly decreased in lean mice. Expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β in visceral adipose tissues were significantly downregulated in lean mice as compared with obese mice. Resistance to dyslipidaemia and high-fat diet-induced obesity was mediated by ineffective absorption of intestinal carbohydrates but not of fats or proteins, probably through reducing gut Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes contents and lowering of gut carbohydrate metabolism. The regulation of intestinal carbohydrates instead of fat absorption by gut microbes might be a potential treatment strategy for high-fat diet-induced obesity.

scholarly journals Anti-Dislipidemia Effectiveness Test of Turmeric Ethanol Extract (Curcuma Longa) in Male Wistar Mice Given a High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Wang Lei ◽  
Florenly ◽  
Liena ◽  
Fioni
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Main Compound

Dyslipidemia is a condition of increasing levels of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol in the blood, or triglycerides in the blood that can be accompanied by a decrease in levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Herbal products have been used since long ago in the medical world, one of which is curcuma longa root. The main compound of turmeric is curcumin which can lower cholesterol levels due to inhibiting cholesterol reabsorbtion from the outside and increase the enzyme HmgCoA reductase inhibitor so that fat synthesis can run properly. The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) as an anti-dyslipidemia in male wistar rats given a high-fat diet. This experimental study with the pre-test and post-test group only control design approach was conducted in January 2021, at the Herbarium Medanese FMIPA USU. The size of the sample was calculated by Federer's formula, with at least 4 mice in each treatment group. The results and conclusions of turmeric ethanol (Curcuma Longa) III (150.20 ± 0.90 mg/dl) significantly decreased total cholesterol compared to the control group (177.50 ± 6.02mg/dl) (P value < 0.05). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III (110.00 (109-112) mg/dl) may significantly lower triglyceride levels compared to the control group (166.50 (160-175) mg/dl), (value P = 0.024). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III (66.50 ± 1.25 mg/dl) significantly lowered LDL levels compared to the control group (106.20 ± 3.50 mg/dl), (P value < 0.05). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III, (60.00 (59-61) mg/dl) can significantly increase HDL levels compared to the control group (27.00 (33-39) mg/dl), (Value P = 0.024). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III significantly lowered SGOT (Value = 0.024) and SGPT (Value P < 0.05) compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Corn silk polysaccharide ameliorates high fat diet induced hepatic steatosis in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03027
Author(s):  
Wang Tailin ◽  
Wang Zhiwen ◽  
Liu Yi ◽  
Huang Li
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Intake Water

To study the therapeutic effect of corn silk polysaccharide (CSP) on NAFLD mice induced by high fat diet. C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal control group (NC), high fat diet (HFD) group, HFD+200 mg/kg CSP group, and HFD+600 mg/kg CSP group. NAFLD mouse model was established by HFD feeding. Blood and liver tissues of each group were collected and biochemical and pathological tests were performed. The energy intake of NAFLD model group was higher than that of normal control group, and the food intake, water intake, and excretion of NAFLD model group were lower than that of normal control group. There was no statistical significance in the food intake, energy intake, water intake, and excretion of CSP group compared with that of NAFLD model group, nor was there any statistical significance between CSP and two doses of CSP. Biochemical tests showed that CSP decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum of HFDfed mice, and inhibited the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in liver tissue. Pathological results showed that CSP improved HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.

scholarly journals Test of the Effectiveness of Anti-Dyslipedemia Extract Ethanol Mangosteen Peel (Garcinia Mangostana L.) in Male Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhang Yu ◽  
Florenly ◽  
Liena ◽  
Fioni
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Mangosteen Peel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Entire Treatment

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for atheroscler heart disease, stroke, and is often defined as abnormalities or disruption of lipid metabolism. Garcinia mangostana L. is famous for its anti-inflammatory properties and is used in the treatment of skin infections and wounds. The main phytochemicals present in this species are anisoprenylated xanthone, many reports of biological effects, such as antioxidant, pro-apoptosis, anti-proliferative, anti-nosiseptif, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and anti-obesity. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of mangosteen peel ethanol extract as an anti-dyslipidemia in male wistar rats given a high-fat diet. This type of research is experimental with a Pre-test approach and Post-test group only control design. The samples used were mangosteen peel ethanol extract and male wistar rats, with the size of the sample calculated with Federer's formula. Analyze data with the One-Way Anova Test if the data is normally distributed with advanced tests in the form of Post Hoc Tukey HSD tests to see real differences between treatments. The results of the total cholesterol study in the entire treatment group of mice showed a significant difference in P values < 0.05. Triglyceride levels in the entire treatment group also showed significant differences, this can be seen from the value of P < 0.05 (Value P = 0.029). LDL levels also showed significant differences across the treatment group, which can be seen from the P value of < 0.05. HDL levels make a significant difference in the value of P < 0.05 (Value P = 0.029). SGOT and SGPT levels in the entire group of rat treatment showed significant differences, this was seen from the value of P < 0.05. The conclusion that mangosteen peel ethanol extract significantly lowered total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, LDL levels, SGOT levels compared to the control group. Mangosteen peel ethanol extract can significantly increase HDL levels compared to the control group.

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