scholarly journals In vitro Callus Induction of Coccinia indica (W. and A) and Analysis of Its Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity - A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
V. Jayalakshmi ◽  
J. Anbumalarmathi ◽  
S. Aruna Sharmili
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Coccinia Indica

In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Coccinia indica (W. and A) leaf extracts using four solvents and compare it with the callus extracts. Callus was initiated from the leaf explants of C. indica with 90% efficiency using MS medium supplemented with BAP (1 mg/l) + NAA (0.2 mg/l). Successive extraction method of C.indica was found to be an efficient method of extraction and methanol was observed to be the best suited solvent for the extraction of phytochemicals and macromolecules that were responsible for antimicrobial, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition. GC-MS analysis of C. indica has confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds (Example: 9-Octadecanoic acid, 2-octadecycloxy ethyl ester (100%) in successive methanolic callus extract) in all the extracts where the FTIR analysis has confirmed the presence of various important functional groups of the identified bioactive compounds. Successive methanol extract of callus of C. indica was found to be the potent antimicrobial agent with drug efflux pump inhibitor property against 5 bacterial strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC700603), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (clinical isolate) and 3 fungal strains, Candida albicans (IFM 40009), Candida tropicalis (IFM 55058) and Candida krusei (IFM 46521). Successive methanol extract of callus of C. indica was found to be an efficient antioxidant agent and an efficient α-amylase inhibitor, which proves it to be a potent anti-diabetic agent with IC50 concentration to be 82.5µg/ml. This study is one of the strong evidence for this plant to be used by the traditional practitioners as a phytopharmaceutical agent.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical prospection of Eugenia involucrata DC. leaf extracts

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Toledo ◽  
J. G. de L. de Souza ◽  
C. B. Santana ◽  
A. P. Mallmann ◽  
C. V. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract The species Eugenia involucrata DC. is a plant native to Brazil and is traditionally used for intestinal problems, however, little research has documented about its biological potential and phytochemical profile. Thus, the objective of this study was to carry out preliminary phytochemical prospecting, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of E. involucrata extracts. Using the E. involucrata leaves, aqueous and organic extracts were obtained using the following solvents (ethanol, methanol, hexane, acetone, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate). The phytochemical prospecting detected the presence of saponins, steroids, flavonoids and tannins in the extracts. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts presented antimicrobial activity for most of the bacterial strains tested, as well as for yeast Candida albicans, with concentrations between 3.12 and 50 mg/mL. The ethanolic and metanolic extract presented high free radical sequestration potential (>90%). The methanol extract showed an IC50 value statistically equal to that found for the commercial antioxidant BHT (p <0.05). The crude extracts obtained with ethanol and methanol were the most promising. These results suggest that methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts are a promising source of natural bioactive.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Chromolaena odorata Extracts against Bacterial Human Skin Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srisuda Hanphanphoom ◽  
Sukhumaporn Krajangsang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Staph Aureus

<p>Leaf, stem and root of <em>Chromolaena odorata</em> were extracted by maceration extraction method using water, ethanol, methanol and hexane as solvents. The average percentage yield of leaf extracts in water (12.16 ± 0.13%), ethanol (8.42 ± 0.115%), methanol (10.45 ± 0.012%) and hexane (2.37 ± 0.215%) were significantly higher compared with stem and root extracts using the same solvents. All extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against ten bacterial strains associated with human skin infections. Leaf extracts with ethanol, methanol and hexane solvents gave the best inhibitory activity against six gram-positive bacterial strains (<em>Bacillus cereus</em> TISTR 687, <em>Enterococcus faecalis </em>TISTR 379, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis </em>TISTR 518, <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>TISTR 1466, <em>Streptococcus pyogenes </em>ATCC 19615 and <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em> DMST 14916) and one gram-negative bacterial strain (<em>Proteus vulgaris </em>ATCC 13315). The hexane stem extract showed greater inhibitory activity against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>ATCC 27853(15.3±0.5 mm), <em>B. cereus</em> TISTR 687(14.6±0.8 mm) and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> TISTR 1843 (14.0±1.0 mm), while hexane root extract showed high inhibitory activity against <em>Enterococcus faecalis </em>TISTR 379 (14.5±0.9 mm) and <em>Kleb. pneumoniae</em> TISTR 1843 (14.7±0.6 mm). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanolic leaf extract was 0.81 mg/mL against <em>Staph. aureus </em>TISTR 1466, followed by methanolic and hexane leaf extracts with equal MIC of 1.62 mg/mL against both <em>Staph. aureus </em>TISTR 1466 and <em>Strep. pyogenes </em>ATCC 19615. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic leaf extract of <em>C. odorata </em>was correlated with the amount of both total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The results obtained suggest that the ethanolic, methanolic and hexane leaf extracts could be developed to treat bacterial skin infections. The hexane was sutiable solvent for extraction of the stem and root parts of <em>C. odorata</em>.</p>

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Leaf Extracts From Rhus leptodictya

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanyana M. Mtunzi ◽  
Ikechukwu P. Ejidike ◽  
Tshifhiwa Matamela ◽  
Ezekiel Dikio ◽  
Michael J. Klink
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Active Compounds

An integral part of nature is herbal plants which contain natural substance essential to promote health. The focal point of this research resides on the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial investigations of Rhus leptoditya leaves. Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol solvent extracts were tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Phytochemical analysis of R. leptodictya extracts revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. Acetone extract with total flavonoid contents of 18.22 ± 2.1 mg/g while methanol extract with phenol contents (0.38 ± 0.002 mg/g) exhibited the highest amount amongst the studied extracts in the preliminary phytochemicals screening. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was evaluated using TLC based standard qualitative 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The methanol and acetone extracts showed maximum antioxidant bands compared to other selected solvents and promising radical scavenging activity at par with the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.125 ± 0.013 mg/ml). The bioautography assay also demonstrated the bacterial growth inhibition of active compounds present in leave extracts. Acetone and ethyl acetate fractions showed the highest number of antibacterial active compounds against S. aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts examined using microplates of 96 wells containing Muller-Hinton methods against some bacterial strains, revealed methanol and acetone fractions with the lowest MIC value of 0.04 mg/ml against S. pneumoniae, while methanol extract possesses 0.008 mg/ml against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Results from this study project the R. leptodictya leave extracts constituents as health supplements that could be useful in food industries and in the treatment of various infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Antistaphylococcal and Antibiotic Resistance Modulatory Activities of Thirteen Cameroonian Edible Plants against Resistant Phenotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Brice E. N. Wamba ◽  
Armelle T. Mbaveng ◽  
Paul Nayim ◽  
Joachim K. Dzotam ◽  
Ornella J. T. Ngalani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

Background. In this study, 18 methanol extracts from Cameroonian edible plants were tested for their antibacterial activities against 26 strains ofS. aureus; the role of efflux pumps in the resistance of tested bacteria and the antibiotic resistance-modulating activities against selected multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes were also investigated.Methods. Broth microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity, the role of efflux pumps, and the antibiotic resistance-modulating effects of plant extracts.Results. Extracts fromDacryodes edulisseeds (DES) andDacryodes edulisbark (DEB) were active against all 26 tested bacterial strains, within the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 256–1024 µg/mL. MIC values varied from 64 to 1024 µg/mL against 96.2% of the 26 tested bacteria forPhaseolus vulgarisleaves (PVL), 92.3% forAzadirachta indicabark (AIB),Dacryodes edulisleaves (DEL), andRicinodendron heudelotiileaves (RHL). The lowest MIC value of 64 µg/mL was obtained with the extract fromCucurbita maximabeans (CMB) against MRSA4 strain and fromUapaca guineensisbark (UGB) against MRSA9 strain. Bacterial efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), carbonyl cyanidem-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), improved the activity of DES and UGB as well as that of extracts fromHibiscus esculentusleaves (HEL) andUapaca guineensisleaves (UGL) against resistantS. aureusstrains. Antibiotic-modulating effects against more than 70% of theS. aureusstrains tested were obtained when RHL (at MIC/2) was combined with CIP, ERY, and KAN (88.89%), CHL (88.89%), TET (77.78%), and STR (88.89%).Conclusion. The present study demonstrated that the 13 tested plants had antistaphylococcal effects and that DES, HEL, UGL, and UGB could be used in combination with EPI to combat resistance toStaphylococcus aureus. Also, it demonstrated that some studied extracts and mostly RHL could be used as antibiotic resistance modulators to fight against resistant strains ofS. aureus.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF AEGLE MARMELOS LEAF EXTRACTS ON FOOT ULCER AND URINARY TRACT INFECTED PATHOGENS FROM DIABETIC PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
MUJAWAR SALMA BEGUM HUSSAIN ◽  
MURIGENDRA B HIREMATH
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of leaf extracts on foot ulcer and urinary tract pathogens from patients having diabetes. Methods: The pus and urine sample from the patients having diabetes were collected and cultured on nutrient agar plates. The morphological characters were studied for the colonies obtained. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts was studied for Aegle marmelos leaves. Results: Ethanol extract exhibited good results for both foot ulcer and urinary tract infected pathogens as compared to aqueous extract. Thin-layer chromatography was performed for methanol extract and then was subjected to column chromatography. The fractions obtained were again checked for the antibacterial activity and of three fractions, fraction 1 showed better results for pus and urine pathogens. Fourier-transformed infrared analysis was carried out for fraction 1 of methanol extract for verifying the presence of bioactive compounds. Conclusion: From the present study, it can be terminated that the bioactive compounds derived from plant extracts can be used for the development of new pharmaceutical drugs to reach out to various therapeutic needs.

Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B by Lutein Derivatives isolated from Mexican Oregano (Lippia graveolens)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
R.M. Perez-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values

Methanol extract from Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano) was studied in order to identify inhibitory bioactives for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Known flavone as lutein (1), and another flavone glycoside such as lutein-7-o-glucoside (2), 6-hydroxy-lutein-7-ohexoside (3) and lutein-7-o-ramnoide (4) were isolated from methanol extract of aerial parts of the Lippia graveolens. All isolates were identified based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including UV, IR, NMR, MS and compared with spectroscopic data previously reported. These flavones were evaluated for PTP1B inhibitory activity. Among them, compounds 1 and 3 displayed potential inhibitory activity against PTP1B with IC50 values of 7.01 ± 1.25 μg/ml and 18.4 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, compound 2 and 4 showed moderate inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 23.8 ± 6.21 and 67.8 ± 5.80 μg/ml respectively. Among the four compounds, luteolin was found to be the most potent PTP1B inhibitor compared to the positive control ursolic acid, with an IC50 value of 8.12 ± 1.06 μg/ml. These results indicate that flavonoids constituents contained in Lippia graveolens can be considered as a natural source for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

In-vitro bactericidal activity of a novel plant source Plumeria pudica against some human and fish pathogenic bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhaisi Das ◽  
Sunanda Burman ◽  
Goutam Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

Background: The only remedy for up surging problem of antibiotic resistance is the discovery of antibacterial agents of natural origin. Objective: The present study was aimed at finding antibacterial potential of crude and solvent extracts of mature leaves of Plumeria pudica. Methods: Antibacterial activity of three different solvent extracts were evaluated in four human and four fish pathogenic bacteria by measuring the zone of inhibition and determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration values. Standard antibiotics were used as positive control. Preliminary phytochemical screening of most effective extract i.e., ethyl acetate extract, Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis and GC-MS analysis of the Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) fraction of ethyl acetate extract were done meticulously. All experiments were done thrice and analyzed statistically. Results: Crude leaf extracts and solvent extracts caused good inhibition of bacterial growth in all selected bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibition zones in all tested strains with maximum inhibition (19.50±0.29 mm) in Escherichia coli (MTCC 739). MBC/MIC of the extracts indicated that all three solvent extracts were bactericidal. Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of tannins, steroids and alkaloids and FT-IR analysis revealed presence of many functional groups namely alcoholic, amide, amine salt and aldehyde groups. From the GC-MS analysis of TLC fraction of ethyl acetate extract five different bioactive compounds e.g., 2,4-ditert –butylphenyl 5-hydroxypentanoate, Oxalic acid; allyl nonyl ester, 7,9-Ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, Dibutyl phthalate and 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-decane were identified. Conclusion: Leaf extracts of P. pudica contain bioactive compounds that can be used as broad spectrum bactericidal agent.

Lipids and Free Fatty Acids of Red Sea Avrainvillea amadelpha, Holothuria atra, and Sarcocornia fruticosa Inhibit Marine Bacterial Biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-471
Author(s):  
Usama W. Hawas ◽  
Fekri Shaher ◽  
Mohamed Ghandourah ◽  
Lamia T. Abou El-Kassem ◽  
Sathianeson Satheesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Holothuria Atra ◽  
Sarcocornia Fruticosa

This study aimed at evaluating the antibiofilm activity of the Red Sea metabolites from green alga Avrainvillea amadelpha, sea cucumber Holothuria atra and costal plant Sarcocornia fruticosa against three biofilm bacterial strains isolated from Jeddah coast. Free fatty acids (FFAs) and other lipoidal matters were extracted from these organisms and analyzed by GC-MS. The composition of lipoidal fractions showed that A. amadelpha is rich by 74% saturated FAs, while sea cucumber H. atra revealed high content (60%) of unsaturated FAs. Palmitic acid is the major FA component in all species ranging from 14.5 to 26.7%. Phytol, sterols and hydrocarbons (C8-C29) were represented in the alga A. amadelpha as high contents with values 25.8, 21.9 and 18.5%, respectively. The extracts and lipoidal contents showed biofilm inhibitory activity against the isolated bacterial strains, where the unsaponified lipoidal fraction of S. fruticosa exhibited highest inhibitory activity against Planomicrobium sp. at concentration of 200 &#181;g/mL.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Efflux Pump Inhibitor on the Activity of Free and Liposomal Antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Douweh Leyla Gbian ◽  
Abdelwahab Omri
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Signal Production ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Microbroth Dilution

The eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients has become continuously difficult due to its increased resistance to treatments. This study assessed the efficacy of free and liposomal gentamicin and erythromycin, combined with Phenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamide (PABN), a broad-spectrum efflux pump inhibitor, against P. aeruginosa isolates. Liposomes were prepared and characterized for their sizes and encapsulation efficiencies. The antimicrobial activities of formulations were determined by the microbroth dilution method. Their activity on P. aeruginosa biofilms was assessed, and the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations on bacterial virulence factors, quorum sensing (QS) signals and bacterial motility was also evaluated. The average diameters of liposomes were 562.67 ± 33.74 nm for gentamicin and 3086.35 ± 553.95 nm for erythromycin, with encapsulation efficiencies of 13.89 ± 1.54% and 51.58 ± 2.84%, respectively. Liposomes and PABN combinations potentiated antibiotics by reducing minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations by 4–32 fold overall. The formulations significantly inhibited biofilm formation and differentially attenuated virulence factor production as well as motility. Unexpectedly, QS signal production was not affected by treatments. Taken together, the results indicate that PABN shows potential as an adjuvant of liposomal macrolides and aminoglycosides in the management of lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients.

scholarly journals α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of compounds isolated from the twig and leaf extracts of Desmos dumosus

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e06180
Author(s):  
Virayu Suthiphasilp ◽  
Tharakorn Maneerat ◽  
Raymond J. Andersen ◽  
Brian O. Patrick ◽  
Stephen G. Pyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts
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